Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1969"
TL;DR: The CMC of cetomacrogol 1000 was practically unaffected by the addition of salt and the extent of interfacial tension reduction with respect to salt concentration was small when compared to corresponding systems containing ionic surfactants.
37 citations
TL;DR: Measurements of Na and K concentrations in yolky and clear cytoplasm show that both fractions have the same K content and the concentration of K decreases in both fractions as the oocyte grows.
Abstract: Newt oocytes were dissected under liquid paraffin and known volumes of clean nucleoplasm and cytoplasm were obtained from oocytes in different stages of oogenesis. The samples were digested in redistilled nitric acid, diluted with deionized water, and their Na and K contents were measured by flame spectrophotometry. The results were expressed as micro-equivalents of Na and K per millilitre of nucleoplasm or cytoplasm. In oocytes of 0.3-0.5 mm diameter nucleoplasm and cytoplasm have similar Na and K concentrations, and the molar K:Na ratio is about 3:1. As the oocyte grows to maturity the nucleoplasmic Na and K concentrations do not change, but the cytoplasmic K concentration falls steadily until, in nearly mature oocytes, the cytoplasmic K:Na ratio is near 1:1. Measurements of Na and K concentrations in yolky and clear cytoplasm show that both fractions have the same K content and the concentration of K decreases in both fractions as the oocyte grows. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of the possible effects of changes in the intracellular ion balance on the morphology and synthetic activity of the chromosomes.
27 citations
TL;DR: A new slide culture technique is described in which 18 of 34 higher fungi tested sporulated asexually within a thin layer of liquid paraffin, some normally, some more or less abnormally, and the oil greatly facilitated observation of the developing structures at high magnifications.
Abstract: SUMMARY: A new slide culture technique is described in which 18 of 34 higher fungi tested sporulated asexually within a thin layer of liquid paraffin, some normally, some more or less abnormally. The oil greatly facilitated observation of the developing structures at high magnifications. The technique promises to be of use in studies of development in higher fungi.
8 citations
TL;DR: Two cases where patients reacted to this substance used in the base of a steroid ointment, betamethasone valerate (Betnovate-N [Britain], which contains hydrogenated lanolin, are reported.
Abstract: To the Editor.— Sensitivity to hydrogenated lanolin has not been described previously. I should like to report two cases where patients reacted to this substance used in the base of a steroid ointment, betamethasone valerate (Betnovate [Britain]). This contains betamethasone 17 valerate, 0.12%; hydrogenated lanolin, 10%; liquid paraffin, 10%; and white soft paraffin made up to 100%. CASE 1.— A 68-year-old man had had pemphigoid for 3½ years which was controlled with prednisone, 5 mg daily. Occasional blisters were treated with an ointment of betamethasone valerate and neomycin sulfate (Betnovate-N [Britain]). In January 1969, a large area of erythema and vesiculation developed on the forearm where he had applied the ointment. There was also marked edema. As soon as he stopped using the ointment the eruption subsided rapidly. Patch testing showed the following reactions at 48 and 96 hours: Betamethasone valerate and neomycin sulfate ointment (Betnovate-N [Britain]) + + + Betamethasone valerate and
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the steady-flow viscosity of W/O type emulsions was studied using a capillary type viscometer, and it was assumed that the water droplets in benzene have a tendency to form a large aggregate not easily redispersed under shear.
Abstract: In order to obtain information on the dispersion state of W/O type emulsions, the steady-flow viscosity in a wide shear range has been studied using a capillary type viscometer. Emulsions prepared by using Arlacel 83 or Arlacel 60, are classified according to the kind of hydrocarbon used as the suspending fluid, i.e., benzene, cyclohexane, liquid paraffin, isopropyl myristate, and squalane systems, respectively. Although all systems show the so-called shear thinning flow, shear dependence of the viscosity is not only influenced by the disperse phase concentration and emulsifier concentration, but is also much effected by the kind of suspending fluid. Such non-Newtonian behavior is observed markedly in benzene systems. It may thus be assumed that the water droplets in benzene have a tendency to form a large aggregate not easily redispersed under shear. The formation of aggregate may be facilitated by the disturbance of the orientation of the adsorbed emulsifier molecules at the interface due to the mutual ...
4 citations
TL;DR: Variations in the concentrations of the trisaturated glyceride components, including constituent fatty acids, between pure butter fat and adulterated butter fats are better visualised when the fats are randomly rearranged than without rearrangement.
4 citations
TL;DR: The intra-tracheal administration of liquid paraffin to mice produced ultrastructural changes in the lungs, which included destruction of alveolar epithelial cells, and swelling and increased vesiculation of capillary endothelium, with exudation of amorphous electron-dense material.
3 citations
TL;DR: Extract Lipid pneumonia is caused by the aspiration of oily substances as mentioned in this paper, which is most common in cats and results usually from the administration of liquid paraffin or cod liver oil (Jubb and Kennedy, 1963).
Abstract: Extract Lipid pneumonia is caused by the aspiration of oily substances. It may occur in most animals subjected to medication including man (Forbes and Bradley, 1958). Among domesticated animals it is most common in cats and results usually from the administration of liquid paraffin or cod liver oil (Jubb and Kennedy, 1963).
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a scenario where a group of people are divided into two groups: the first group consists of three groups, and the second group is composed of individuals.
Abstract: 水一流動パラフィンー界面活性剤の三成分からなるO/Wエマルションにおいて,高いずり速度範囲で流動曲線を描かせたさい・ずり速度の増加とともにずり応力がいちじるしく増加し,その流動曲線がチキソト官ピックとは逆のヒステリシスループを描くという特異な現象を見いだした。著者らは,その特異な現象,すなわちダイラタントヒステリシスループについて,それがえられる条件ならびにその特異な現象を生じる原因について調べた。その結果,ダイラタントル-プという現象は独立した現象ではなく,内相比,界面活性剤量,測定温度などによって,ダイラタントループからチキソトロピックループへと連続的に変化する流動曲線の一過程であることがわかった.また,そのダイラタントループが生ずる理由としては粒度分布のずり速度による変化,ならびに粒子の動的集合状態のずり速度による変化で説明できた。
2 citations
Patent•
13 Mar 1969
TL;DR: An apparatus for applying a coating of paraffin to one side of a sheeting material having an applicator roll which is rotatable mounted in a container of liquid Paraffin so that a lamination is transferred to the face of the material and an adjustable brake having a pivotable crossbar provided with a friction pad for engagement with the supply roll for controlling the tension of the sheet material as it is drawn through the apparatus as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An apparatus for applying a coating of paraffin to one side of a sheeting material having an applicator roll which is rotatable mounted in a container of liquid paraffin so that a lamination of paraffin is transferred to the face of the sheeting material and an adjustable brake having a pivotable crossbar provided with a friction pad for engagement with the supply roll for controlling the tension of the sheet material as it is drawn through the apparatus.
2 citations
01 Mar 1969
TL;DR: The effect of electrolytes on the viscosity of the emulsions of liquid paraffin stabilized by a series of alkyl ethoxy phosphates has been investigated in this paper.
Abstract: The effect of electrolytes on the viscosity of the emulsions of liquid paraffin stabilized by a series of alkyl ethoxy phosphates have been investigated.It is a well known fact that the viscosity of emulsions is changed by the addition of electrolytes. Our experiments showed that the viscosiy of the emulsions decreased as the added electrolytes increased and it began to rise again after passing through a minimum point of viscosity. The viscosity of the emulsions stabilized by trilauryl ethoxy phosphate decreased most remarkably by the addition of electrolytes. By using this surfactant we obtained the following facts.The minimum points of viscosity were included in the concentration range between 20 and 60m equiv./1 of the electrolytes and they had no relation to the valence of ions or their characteristics: and anions of electrolytes exert influenec on the decrease of the viscosity while cations have the reincreasing effect. However, the above-mentioned principles are not applicable to salts such as Na2CO3 or Na3PO4, which are hydrolized in aqueous solutions to make them alkaline.Friling et al. recently reported that a latex emulsion stabilized by soap is obtained in the form of gel when the concentration of electrolyte is low. But when the concentration of elecrolyte increased, the viscosity of emulsion was decreased. The reasons are as follows: the droplets are surrounded by the water layer which is more highly viscous than ordinary liquid water, and these hydrated particles approach the state of close packing. Supposedly, the effective volume concentration was decided by the volume of the polymer plus the volume of the charged double layer which prevented the particles from approaching one another.According to our data, it may be assumed that not only the electrical double layer but also the hydration layer on the surface of droplets exert effect on the change of the viscosity.
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the free radical concentration of chars was critically dependent on the rate and duration of heating, and the increase in free radicals were concomitant with the release of volatile matter.
Abstract: ESR of Rapidly Heated Coals Electron spin resonance has been used to examine the free radicals in chars prepared by heating coals to temperatures, in the range 400 C to above 2000 C in the following times: 1 ms, 20 ms, 180 s and several hours. It was concluded that: The stable free radical concentration of chars was critically dependent on the rate and duration of heating. Increases in free radical concentration were concomitant with the release of volatile matter. Free radicals exist in electrically non-conducting chars from which the bulk of their volatile matter has been released by heating in excess of 2000 C for about 1 ms. By heating CRC 301b coal to 660 C in 180 s a char containing approximately 1 unpaired electron per 100 carbon atoms is produced. Oxygen effects were found for all the coals and chars examined regardless of carbon content or heat treatment. The Production of Acetylene from Coal Products by Submerged Arcs A study has been made on the use of a submerged arc for the production of acetylene from coal-based feedstocks. Three laboratory scale apparatuses were constructed and operated; a continuous d. c. arc, and two intermittent a. c. arc systems. Anthracene oil, pitch, and solvent extracts of coal were examined together with phenanthrene and liquid paraffin for comparison. It was concluded that The composition of the gases produced in the a. c. systems depended on the controlled duration of the arcs. Gases containing up to 36% v/v acetylene were produced from anthracene oil, but the concentration of acetylene dropped to 29% when operating at 240 C with a coal solution containing 25% w/w coal substance. The electrical energy consumption was about 7 kW/kg of acetylene, i. e. about two-thirds that of the Carbide process. The overall yield of acetylene could not exceed 25% w/w for aromatic coal-based feedstocks. The large amount of solid carbonaceous material produced could not easily be separated from the feedstook and was an undesirable product.