Showing papers on "Mammography published in 1969"

The study of mammary carcinoma by mammography and whole organ sectioning. Early observations.

Abstract: The first 38 specimens in a series of carcinomas of the breast studied by correlated mammography and subserial whole organ sectioning are reported. Three specific patterns of tumor growth have been identified and their mammographic appearances described. Intramammary spread of carcinoma has been observed to occur both intraductally and by way of periductal lymphatics. Extensive neoplastic transformation of ductal epithelium and multiplicity of invasive sites have been found frequently. Diffuse or multiple origin has been clearly demonstrated in three fourths of the specimens. The skin thickening which is often noted mammographically in association with carcinoma has been shown to be the result of an increase in dermal collagen, whether or not dilatation of dermal lymphatics is also present. An increase in the collagen of stroma of the breast has also been encountered regularly and is often visible in mammograms. Three specimens containing metastases from previously removed contralateral primaries have permitted observations of the distribution of intramammary lymphatic vessels.

Clinical and pathologic correlation with mammographic findings in lobular carcinoma in situ.

Abstract: The authors review the records of 61 patients who had clinical mammographic examination and histologic lobular carcinoma in situ in at least one breast. An analysis was done to determine the tissue counterpart of positive mammographic findings as well as the accuracy and usefulness of mammography as an adjunct in the diagnosis of in situ lobular carcinoma.

Bilateral breast cancer.

Abstract: The bilateral nature of breast cancer is generally accepted. Early detection of second primary breast cancers through repeated physical and x-ray examinations is difficult and uncertain. A significant number of occult second primary breast cancers have been detected in their earliest stages through generous surgical biopsy of the opposite breast at the time of initial mastectomy for a proven breast cancer. Some of these early cancers were not detected by either careful physical examination or adequate x-ray mammography. Biopsy of the contralateral breast is a minor nondeforming operation which is well-accepted by the patient. The second mastectomy is more readily accepted by the patient after a positive biopsy has been obtained. Simultaneous, generous excisional biopsy of the opposite breast at the time of initial mastectomy for breast cancer represents a practical approach to the problem of bilateral breast cancer. However, a negative biopsy of the opposite breast does not rule out the possibility of subsequent development of a new primary in this breast at a later date. All patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer should be followed closely, with particular emphasis on the opposite breast. There is an urgent need for the development of more efficient methods for detecting early breast cancer, preferably, during its long, silent noninfiltrating phase of development.

An evaluation of thermography in the detection of breast cancer. A cooperative pilot study.

Abstract: A collaborative study of 3,518 patients in several medical centers was designed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of thermography as compared to mammographic and clinical examinations. For 862 patients who had breast surgery or a biopsy, the sensitivity and specificity was 0.823 and 0.784 respectively for physical examinations, 0.721 and 0.798 for thermographic reading with clinical data, and 0.703 and 0.807 for mammography. Of additional interest was the observation that each of the procedures (physical examination, mammography, and thermography) selects different subgroups of cases. The results indicate that further evaluation of thermography as a screening technique for breast cancer is warranted. Such evaluation should be in the form of a controlled clinical trial.

Roles of mammography in the early detection of breast cancer.

Abstract: The roles of mammography in early detection of breast cancer are many—both direct and indirect. Mammography appeals to the patient; it is the only procedure that consistently detects breast cancer prior to signs and symptoms. Mammography has proved to be a most valuable adjunctive diagnostic procedure in the management of die patient with breast disease. It continues to stimulate the team approach of the surgeon, radiologist, and pathologist with increased interest in breast cancer. Better treatment planning, increased knowledge about breast diseases—benign, malignant, and premalignant—and resultant better patient care are emerging. Mammography is giving every indication of adding to the control of breast cancer and eventually lowering mortality from this disease.

Modalities in breast cancer detection: xeroradiography mammography thermography and mammometry.

Abstract: The advantages and disadvantages and limitations of each method of cancer detection are described. Xeroradiography is a complicated procedure and is prone to technical difficulties. Longer X-ray exposure is needed to produce the xerogram than for a mammogram but all the tissue densities are better shown. Especially trained radiologists are needed. Mammography should supplement physical examinations. In this way a 70% accuracy could be raised to 90%. This method reveals lesions as small as 5 mm and shows microcalcifications pathognomonic of duct-cell carcinomas that cannot be palpated. Cancers found by physical examination average 3.5 cm in diameter and 65% of them have metastasized. Survival expectancy for the patient drops to 45-50%. Thermography has revealed localized elevations of temperature over cancers in 94% of cases examined. Occasionally a "hot-spot" has been the sole clue to a cancer that has eluded detection by other methods. Other conditions e.g. dysplasia may be confusing so that further studies are indicated when hot spots are localized in breasts. Thermographs are expensive and especially trained personnel are needed. Newer equipment shows heat differences in colors. Further improvements may make this method widely applicable. Mammometry is done by means of a skin-contact thermometer called a mammometer. An instrument is attached to each segment of each breast for 10 minutes and then temperatures are compared. Variations in temperature in different areas are significant. A small percentage of cancers show no heat increase. Temperature differences over the tumor may register 2.5-10 degrees F higher than other areas. Dysplasia or other conditions may give confusing readings. Further verification of results by this method are needed as the technique is simple and shows great promise. Equipment is inexpensive. It is recommended that all physicians should examine the breasts of women patients at regular intervals. Discovery of lesions by patients detects only late lesions with a high mortality rate. Mammography every 12 months is needed and sooner if symptoms occur. Thermography may supplement other methods yearly. Mammometry if claims are proven may eventually be the most applicable method of detecting breast cancer for en masse screening.

Clinical value of mammography in diagnosis and identification of breast mass.

Abstract: Objective To study the effect and clinical value of mammography in the diagnosis of breast lump so as to improve the diagnosis level of breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on clinical data of 110 patients with mammary lump confirmed by pathology to study the compliance of mammography diagnosis and Pathology diagnosis in breast lump, and the detection of microcalcifications, phyllode, and observe the image performance of mammography. Taking infitrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) as an example, the correlation of image performance and clinical pathological features of different types was studied so as to predict if mammography performance was effective in the treatment and prognosis in breast cancer. Results Taking Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) grade 4A as the critical point, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography was 90.80% (109/120), 84.60% (126/149) and 87.40% (235/269); taking BI-RADS grade 4B as the critical point, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography was 85.00% (102/120), 93.30% (139/149) and 89.60% (241/269); the correlation analysis suggested that, there was some kind of correlation between the mammography performance and clinical features of breast cancer. Conclusion Mammography is worth being promoted in clinic for its significant clinical value in diagnosing and identifying breast lump.

Carcinoma of the breast following simple mastectomy and mammoplasty: case report.

Abstract: Recently, at Wilford Hall USAF Hospital, carcinoma was detected via mammography in a patient who had undergone simple mastectomy and augmentation mammoplasty for benign disease. The rarity of carcinoma developing after incomplete simple mastectomy (1, 2), plus the added feature of a Silastic implant, led us to report this case. Case Report R. W., a 48-year-old female, underwent bilateral simple mastectomy for chronic fibrocystic disease in 1958. In 1965, bilateral Silastic breast implants were performed. Subsequently the patient noted a small mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast, as well as several small cystic areas in the medial lower quadrant. These remained significantly unchanged in size for three years, at which time mammography was performed (Fig. 1). Biopsy revealed carcinoma. The patient underwent preoperative radiotherapy, followed by a left radical and a right simple mastectomy. There is no evidence of disease at the present time. Summary A case of carcinoma of the breast followi...

Mammography in management of breast lesions.

Abstract: Comparison of the clinical and mammography findings in 101 histologically proved breast lesions showed that the accuracy of each method in diagnosing carcinoma was about 90%, but when taken together an accuracy of 98% was reached. Though mammography was less accurate in the diagnosis of benign lesions, it was found to be a valuable complement in the management of a lesion in the large atrophic breast and for showing an impalpable carcinoma. In mammography of the young dense breast a negative result must be interpreted with caution.

Diagn´´ostico Precoce de Câncer de Mama não tem Clínica: Estudo combinado por Termografia

Abstract: Through infrared imaging it is possible to identify very subtle metabolic changes in the breasts that may serve as a warning sign for malignancy. The development of a tumor increases the mammary vascularization and consequently the temperature in this region, and allows the thermography to register suspicious metabolic changes. It is a totally safe, radiation-free and comfortable, non-contact method. Unlike the anatomical examinations, such as ultrasound and mammography, the combined thermography assists in assessing the risk of breast cancer and early medical diagnosis by the other complementary tests. Contrary to the old concept, ultra-sensitive mammography is nowadays focused on the semiotic approach of young women with dense breasts, combined with medical evaluation and other diagnostic methods, especially ultrasound.

Should methods of detecting breast cancer be changed

Abstract: Survival statistics for breast cancer have been stalemated for 30 years, principally because cancer is not detected early enough. Breast examination by the patient is important, but we must not depend too heavily on this method. Physicians should examine periodically the breasts of all women over 35 years of age and supplement the examination with other methods of detection. Three ancillary methods are discussed: mammography, thermography and xeroradiography.