Showing papers on "Nasal cannula published in 1985"

Pulmonary vascular response to oxygen in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Abstract: The cardiac catheterization data of six infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were reviewed to examine the responsiveness of their pulmonary vascular beds to changes in oxygen tension. The infants were studied because of slow recovery from their oxygen requirements and clinical evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension. All were receiving home oxygen therapy and had abnormal chest radiographs and right ventricular hypertrophy by ECG at the time of catheterization (mean age, 25 months). All infants had mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mm Hg in room air, with a mean of 48 mm Hg. All decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure by at least 10 mm Hg when placed in high levels of inspired oxygen (FiO2 greater than 80), with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mm Hg. This represented a significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure from room air pressures (P less than .005). Mean pulmonary artery pressure was also measured in three infants who were breathing supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula at flow rates similar to levels used for outpatient therapy. Most of the reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure that occurred at high FiO2 occurred at these lower flow rates of supplemental oxygen. It is concluded that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who have pulmonary hypertension generally have reactive pulmonary vascular beds, responsive to supplemental oxygen. Continuous oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be useful in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Electronic respirable gas delivery device

Abstract: A supplemental respiratory device is shown that uses electronic components to regulate the flow of a respirable gas to a user, intermittently, on a demmand basis. The present invention, by monitoring small changes in relative airway pressure, caused by the user's inspiratory or expiratory effort, supplies gas only when an inhalation is detected. The present respiratory device can also vary the duration of the gas delivery time to compensate for changes in user breath rate. The invention herein is designed to be compatible with a standard nasal cannula. An electronic apnea detector is shown, and is included in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the invention herein, when not used for gas delivery purposes, can be used as a diagnostic device for providing information concerning a user's breathing pattern.

Nasal cannula assembly with patient comfort pad

Abstract: An improved nasal cannula assembly having a reduced tendency to cause irritation behind a patient's ears. The improved assembly is of the type having a pair of oxygen supply tubes connected to a cannula affixable into the patient's nostrils. The cannula is held in place by the tubes which are looped over the patient's ears. The portion looped over the ears is covered with a soft pad affixed about the exterior of the supply tubes.

Transtracheal catheter technique for pulmonary rehabilitation.

Abstract: In over 100 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, continuous oxygen therapy has been provided for up to 4 years using Micro-Trach percutaneous transtracheal catheters less than 2.0 mm in diameter. Successful rehabilitation has been achieved. Advances in materials, insertion technique, and protocols have simplified patient management. Complications occasionally encountered are bleeding, infection, subcutaneous emphysema, increased mucus production, and catheter failure or displacement. Long-term delivery of supplemental oxygen directly into the tracheobronchial tree eliminates the oxygen loss through the oral and nasal orifices that occurs when a nasal cannula is used. This closed system permits maintenance of therapeutic arterial blood levels with improved efficiency, greater comfort, and increased activity. The elimination of nasal irritation and cosmetic objections caused by nasal cannulas increases patient compliance, resulting in uninterrupted 24-hour-a-day oxygen use as indicated. The technique of inserting a transtracheal catheter and postinsertion management are discussed in detail.

An oxygen conserving nasal cannula.

Abstract: Oxygen administration via a nasal cannula incorporating a small collapsible reservoir (Oxymizer, Chad Therapeutics Inc, California) was compared with delivery via a standard nasal cannula. Twelve patients with chronic, stable hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen tension less than 60 mm Hg (8.0 kPa)) were studied. Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were recorded by skin electrodes and oxygen saturation by ear oximetry. Baseline measurements during the breathing of air were compared with those made during the breathing of oxygen at flow rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 l/min via each device. Increases in saturation and transcutaneous oxygen tension were significantly greater at each flow rate with the reservoir device than with the conventional cannula. To produce similar improvements in oxygenation the reservoir device required an oxygen flow rate about half that of the conventional cannula. Use of the reservoir device may reduce the inconvenience and perhaps the cost of supplying domiciliary oxygen, and prolong the time during which patients may rely on a portable cylinder.

Method and apparatus for the treatment of the respiratory tract

Abstract: A method and an apparatus which are useful for respiratory tract therapy. The method comprises contact of mucous membranes with vapor-phase water in the substantial absence of nucleating water-vapor condensation particulate, and includes the use of membrane means disposed within a membrane container (2) having a gas inlet (3), a vapor-gas outlet (4), a liquid inlet (5) and liquid outlet (6), a heated delivery tube (26), unheated nasal cannula (51), for the delivery of a nasal cannula vapor/gas stream by the use of exit use ports (27) to a nasal passageway at dew point temperatures equal to or less than dry bulb temperatures and heating of a delivery tube vapor-gas stream to a temperature sufficiently greater than the cannula nare dew point use temperature.

[Nasal cannula, a simple, not very cumbersome, and efficacious means to induce a positive expiratory pressure in neonatology].

Abstract: The authors report their 6 years experience in the use of a CPAP nasal cannula in 91 children. Their indications are idiopathic respiratory distress (hyaline membrane disease) stage I, II, III in children more than 1500 g, stage I and II for those less than 1500 g; transitory respiratory distress; cesarean lung; amniotic inhalation after aspiration and physiotherapy. In 75 newborns this method rendered tracheal intubation unnecessary. There were few side effects and very few serious accidents. The authors propose this method to be a substitute to tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, for the units of neonatal intensive care, or nurseries, specially in tropical countries, without important medical supplies. They give modalities, indications and applications of this innocuousness, easy and non-expensive method.

An inspiration-triggered delivery system for oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula.

Abstract: Therapy for severe chronic lung disease currently includes the administration of supplemental oxygen to prevent breathlessness and tissue hypoxia. Although effective, this therapy is unnecessarily costly, because oxygen is administered to the patient during expiration as well as inspiration. To eliminate this inefficiency, a delivery system that senses the inspiratory effort and delivers oxygen to the patient only during inspiration was developed. The 11 X 5 X 8-cm flow control unit attaches easily to a portable oxygen supply. The components of the system have an expected life of five years, and the 9-V battery provides power for about one month of use. Manual controls permit accommodation to the respiratory pattern of the patient. Preliminary evaluation of the system showed that its effectiveness in producing tissue oxygenation is similar to that of continuous oxygen systems. The system has potential applications in ambulatory oxygen therapy and in other clinical settings to improve the cost/benefit ratio of oxygen treatment.

Arterial oxygen values achieved by COPD patients breathing oxygen alternately via nasal mask and nasal cannula.

Abstract: Ten patients with known but clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied while breathing low-flow (1-2 L/min) supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula and by biflow nasal mask. Although the increase in inspired oxygen when breathing with the cannula has been documented, the nasal mask has not been tested by measurement of PaO2 change. The mean age of the group was 64.6 years, and their mean PaO2 was 54 +/- 10.5 torr while they were at rest and breathing room air. Patients were each given oxygen alternately with the mask and cannula, with no change in flowrate; time was allowed between the two for equilibration and return to baseline values. PaO2 values were compared by t test for nonindependent samples, which provided a t value of 1.893, with P = 0.09. Differences in measured arterial saturation (SaO2) and PaCO2 also proved to be insignificant when patients breathed via the two devices. The conclude that the nasal cannula and the biflow nasal mask produce comparable PaO2 in patients who may need low-flow supplemental oxygen at rest. The mask can be considered an alternative oxygen appliance if preferred by patients because of comfort.