Showing papers on "nobody published in 2022"

Improving home security using blockchain

Abstract: The major problem with the use of smart home technology is that it often leads to various security issues. This mainly happens because the devices use open internet connections that may be vulnerable and subjected to multiple threats, hackers, and viruses. Some household IoT devices are forcefully introduced to the market, exposing the customers to significant risk factors. The websites and links do not have any copyright information or any privacy policies, due to which the hackers may immediately steal the confidential information of the user. For instance, the door locking password may be hacked by cyber criminals, and they may use it to attack the home when there is nobody in the home. This paper presents how to use block-chain to improve home security.

Youth should decide: the principle of subsidiarity in paediatric transgender healthcare

Abstract: Drawing on the principle of subsidiarity, this article develops a framework for allocating medical decision-making authority in the absence of capacity to consent and argues that decisional authority in paediatric transgender healthcare should generally lie in the patient. Regardless of patients’ capacity, there is usually nobody better positioned to make medical decisions that go to the heart of a patient’s identity than the patients themselves. Under the principle of subsidiarity, decisional authority should only be held by a higher level decision-maker, such as parents or judges, if lower level decision-makers are incapable of satisfactorily addressing the issue even with support and the higher level decision-maker is better positioned to satisfactorily address the issue than all lower level decision-makers. Because gender uniquely pertains to personal identity and self-realisation, parents and judges are rarely better positioned to make complex medical decisions. Instead of taking away trans youth’s authority over their healthcare decisions, we should focus on supporting their ability to take the best possible decision for themselves.

General commentary: Is the moon there if nobody looks—Bell inequalities and physical reality

Abstract: Commentary: Is the moon there if nobody looks – Bell inequalities and physical reality Richard D. Gill 1,∗, Justo Pastor Lambare,2 1Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Netherlands 2Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ruta Mcal. J. F. Estigarribia, Km 11 Campus de la UNA, San Lorenzo, Paraguay Correspondence*: Richard Gill, Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Netherlands gill@math.leidenuniv.nl

Addressing Schooling in Children With Cancer—It's Everybody's Job, So It's Nobody's Job: An Explanatory Mixed-Methods Evaluation

Abstract: Background: Neurocognitive deficits from childhood cancer treatment are common, long-standing, and negatively impact multiple domains of life leading to challenges with schooling and education. The purpose of this study is to describe caregiver-reported experiences of neurocognitive effects from therapy and to understand the roles clinicians play in this domain in the United States. Methods: An explanatory mixed-methods study of 174 caregivers of children with cancer provided insight into how clinicians provided information on neurocognitive effects of treatment and their experiences with school-related resources. Clinicians provided descriptions of how they provide this information and assist families with accessing services or transition back to school after therapy. Results: Caregivers identified that physicians, nurses, and social workers primarily provide information regarding neurocognitive effects of treatment. Over half (55.9%) of families seek additional information elsewhere and 49.4% report doing so because the information they received from their team was inadequate. Nearly 40% of caregivers report accessing school supports feels like a constant fight and over 40% were not offered homebound educational services by their school. Qualitative interviews with providers found that clinicians focus on therapy-related physical symptoms of treatment and only discuss neurocognitive effects when prompted by families or when children are returning to school. Discussion: Clinicians’ focus on physical symptoms and just-in-time thinking when it comes to providing education or school-related services may explain why families endorse infrequent education on the topic and challenges with school reintegration. Improved education for clinicians on this topic, integration of interdisciplinary teams, and new clinical practice models may improve the family experience.

The Gap Between Industry and CS Education

Abstract: Industry practitioners and CS educators seem to operate in different worlds these days. My fellow industry leaders often have surprising ideas about what all can be covered in a 4 year degree program. We are seemingly unaware of the huge challenge in making novices into algorithmic thinkers and programmers, to say nothing of imparting mastery in the ever-expanding array of computing sub-disciplines. At the same time, the day-to-day operations in industry have a very different set of core skills and tools than what is traditionally presented in a CS curriculum. Communication skills, experimentation, reasoning, code comprehension, caching, threading, and concurrency models are a huge fraction of the toolkit for a software practitioner. Hashing is essential. Constants matter. Implementing data structures really doesn't. In practical terms, almost nobody should be using a linked list anymore. This talk will surface what I see as the disconnects on both sides, and suggestions for what we can do about it. (I will also probably be wrong, since I can only speak from my perspective and experience - but that's where important dialogues start.)

‘Nobody Goes to Another Monastery with their Own Charter’: The EU’s Promotion of ‘European Values’ as Perceived in Central Asia

Abstract: Abstract As a major external actor, the European Union prioritises its normative agenda while interacting with Central Asia. This article scrutinises how the very notion of ‘European values’ and the promotion of these values by the European Union are perceived by intermediate elites in Kazakhstan. The article argues that Kazakh opinion-makers distinguish between ‘European’ political values and cultural values. Based on how these two dimensions are interpreted, three categories of perceivers are identified and discussed in detail: ‘opponents’, ‘moderate supporters’ and ‘ardent supporters’ of the EU normative policies. The article also discusses some of the factors shaping those perceptions.

Boring Problems Are Sometimes the Most Interesting

Abstract: Abstract In a recent position paper, Turing Award Winners Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, and Yann LeCun make the case that symbolic methods are not needed in AI and that, while there are still many issues to be resolved, AI will be solved using purely neural methods. In this piece I issue a challenge: Demonstrate that a purely neural approach to the problem of text normalization is possible. Various groups have tried, but so far nobody has eliminated the problem of unrecoverable errors, errors where, due to insufficient training data or faulty generalization, the system substitutes some other reading for the correct one. Solutions have been proposed that involve a marriage of traditional finite-state methods with neural models, but thus far nobody has shown that the problem can be solved using neural methods alone. Though text normalization is hardly an “exciting” problem, I argue that until one can solve “boring” problems like that using purely AI methods, one cannot claim that AI is a success.

Nobody’s People: Hierarchy as Hope in a Society of Thieves

Abstract: the nature in their midst, compared to the newcomers. Pilgeram could speak more directly to the question of whether the oldtimers truly held good jobs; whether families were healthy and functional; and whether out-migration may have depleted the community’s energies. In a momentary instance of myopia, the author seems to view the older mill town Dover as the real Dover and imply that the new Dover is fake, a simulacrum, objectively worse than the version that existed in the good old days. In these moments, she occasionally loses sight of her overall goal of critiquing the capitalist forces that created both old and new Dover and that displaced if not destroyed the Indigenous communities that came before. Pilgeram does, however, return to this essential point in her conclusions. Ultimately, Pilgeram’s work constitutes an excellent intervention into the problems associated with rural gentrification. Because this is a growing field, there remains plenty of room to address questions that are currently unanswered. In the context of Pilgeram’s work, I was curious about any connections or contradictions that might exist between the newcomers to Dover and the region’s white supremacists. Does Dover function, I wondered—either implicitly or explicitly—as what Rich Benjamin would call a whitopia? Future researchers, therefore, can and should attend to questions of how race functions within rural gentrification, and whether and how whiteness serves as a resource—independent of social class—in shaping the transformation of rural spaces.

When does moral engagement risk triggering a hypocrite penalty?

Abstract: Society suffers when people stay silent on moral issues. Yet people who engage morally may appear hypocritical if they behave imperfectly themselves. Research reveals that hypocrites can-but do not always-trigger a "hypocrisy penalty," whereby they are evaluated as more immoral than ordinary (non-hypocritical) wrongdoers. This pattern reflects that moral engagement can confer reputational benefits, but can also carry reputational costs when paired with inconsistent moral conduct. We discuss mechanisms underlying these costs and benefits, illuminating when hypocrisy is (and is not) evaluated negatively. Our review highlights the role that dishonesty and other factors play in engendering disdain for hypocrites, and offers suggestions for how, in a world where nobody is perfect, people can engage morally without generating backlash.

Nobody-fools-me perception: Influence of Age and Education on Overconfidence About Spotting Disinformation

Abstract: This study introduces the concept of "nobody-fools-me perception", a cognitive bias consisting of overconfidence in one's own ability to detect disinformation, associated with the belief that one is more immune to false content than almost everyone else. Specifically, it examines the extent to which variables such as age and education determine the conviction that one is able to spot false content, and influence the skills and habits of checking and sharing potentially unverified information on health, a serious problem in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on two face-to-face focus groups and one online focus group made up of Spanish people between the ages of 25 and 54, this qualitative research study explored the behaviour of regular citizens when assessing the truthfulness of health-related news, and their habits about believing it. The results reveal that younger people tended to distrust the ability of older people to spot false content, and vice versa. They also show that people with a higher educational level were more confident about their own immunity to disinformation. By introducing the concept of "nobody-fools-me perception", this study contributes to our understanding of how subjective perceptions lead to believing in false news.

Globalizing Automobilism: Exuberance and the Emergence of Layered Mobility, 1900–1980 by Gijs Mom (review)

Abstract: The second of what will be a three-volume set, Globalizing Automobilism expands upon themes, ideas, and peeves introduced in Gijs Mom’s Atlantic Automobilism (Berghahn, 2015). This previous book covered the emergence and persistence of automobility in the Western world from the late nineteenth century to the Second World War. Globalizing Automobilism extends coverage to Asia, Africa, and Latin America, recapitulating the first two phases, and adding a third—exuberance—that takes the story up to the end of the 1970s. For those few readers of this journal unfamiliar with Mom, it is worth noting that nobody has done more to develop and promote mobility studies. Founder of the International Association for the History of Transport, Traffic and Mobility (T2M) and founding editor of the association’s journal, Mom has consistently sought to situate the history of automobiles in the broader context of other forms of mobility and challenged many of the idées reçus among developmentalists and other social scientists. Here, he repeatedly promotes the notion of “mobility layeredness,” the ways that older practices adapt to and interact with new ones, finding numerous examples in non-Western settings, be it Republican and then Communist China, India, Turkey, Benin, Tanzania, and other African countries. He is much taken as well by subaltern technological ingenuity and the collective nature of travel in the non-West, entertaining the reader with stories about Filipino jeepneys (decorated jeep-like buses), Singaporean mosquito buses, various iterations of rickshaws, Kenyan matatu (illegal minivan buses), Nigerian bolekaja (mammy wagons, or open-sided buses or trucks), and the tap-tap buses of Haiti’s Port-au-Prince. And, in order to demonstrate the utility of cultural studies to mobility, he dedicates many pages—far too many for my taste—to “autopoetic” writing and music-making, particularly by white working-class men in the United States (think of Kerouac’s T E C H N O L O G Y A N D C U L T U R E

Empowering catastrophic far-forward self-care: Nobody should die alone without trying

Abstract: LAY SUMMARY Traumatic injury is the most common cause of death among young people. Most victims of trauma die alone before medical response is possible. Typical causes of death are not overly complex to fix if access to standard hospital interventions is feasible. Dying victims are often connected to smartphone-supporting informatic communication technologies, which make available a worldwide network of experts who can potentially reassure and remotely diagnose victims and provide life-saving advice. TeleMentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) researchers have focused on empowering point-of-care providers to perform outside their scope and deliver life-saving interventions. With the recognition that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly isolated many people, solutions to respect COVID-19 isolation policies have stimulated the TMUSMI group to appreciate the potential for informatic technologies’ effect on the ability to care for oneself in cases of catastrophic injury.

Beyond COVID Chaos: What Postsecondary Educators Learned from the Online Pivot

Abstract: The online pivot has opened many people’s eyes to new possibilities and challenges in the postpandemic world. This article describes what five geographers in three different countries learned from the experiment and assesses how the lessons can be carried forward. One of the big surprises for some of us was the extent to which students were open to different ways of learning during the 2020–2021 academic year. It is clear that some students wish to continue their programs either partially or completely online, although it is also clear that students continue to enjoy field work. The online pivot also showed us that assessment needs to be reexamined, student stress levels need to be lowered, and inequities among students need to be addressed. There are challenges associated with online education across international borders. From a faculty perspective, we have found that nobody needs to be isolated from research opportunities and collaboration, but there are also limits on what we can do. There are growing threats to academic freedom, and we need to move faculty away from precarious employment. Finally, some of us learned the importance of work–life balance.

Technology Application in the Tourism Industry in Asia: Theories and Practices

Abstract: The ever-flourishing tourism industry is one of the considerable contributors to the economy of developed and developing nations. With the technological advancement in this industry, it has changed the way we travel with more interactive and exciting experience. Today, nobody is suspicious that there is a perfect combination of technology, tourism. The technological revolution has augmented customer’s expectations with an emphasis on the look for convenience. From tour apps to online check-ins, traveling might be so much more inopportune without technology to attach us to the rest of the world. Information technology (IT) theories and their applications help to embrace present-day innovations and collect the advantages accessible from such expansion. To coordinate with the worldwide cutthroat competitive environment and to move further according to the changes, the utilization of innovation and information technology is predictable. This investigation reviews various kinds of literature from research papers, articles, books, newspapers, and studies, the significance and benefits of IT applications, and how they contribute to the tourism industry. The chapter showed that IT is increasingly becoming critical and most generally used in satisfying the information required, innovation process, and studying behavior and performance. The applications or uses of IT are utilized in the promotion and showcasing customer management process, esteem creation, and competitive benefit.

Cost-Effectiveness Threshold for Healthcare: Justification and Quantification

Abstract: Every public health expenditure, including the one that saves lives or extends life expectancy of particular persons (target population), bears a cost. Although cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is routinely performed in health policy, ethical justification of CEA is rarely discussed. Also, there is neither consensus value nor even consensus method for determining cost-effectiveness threshold (CET) for life-extending measures. In this study, we performed ethical analysis of CEA by policy impact assessment based on connection of health and wealth (poorer people have statistically shorter life expectancies) and concluded that CEA is not only a practical but also an ethical necessity. To quantify CET, we used three independent methods: (1) literature survey of analyzing salaries in risky occupations, (2) utilizing Prospect Theory suggesting that people value their lives in monetary terms twice more than their lifetime earnings, and (3) literature survey of the U.S. current legal practice. To the best of our knowledge, nobody applied method (2) to determine CET. The three methods yielded rather similar results with CET about 1.0 ± 0.4 gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc) per quality-adjusted life-year. Therefore, a sum of not higher than 140% GDPpc is statistically sufficient to “purchase” an additional year of life—or, alternatively, to “rob” one year of life if taken away. Therefore, 140% GDP per capita per quality-adjusted life-year should be considered as the upper limit of prudent and ethically justified expenditure on life extension programs.

Constitutionalism 2030

Abstract: Constitutionalism is in crisis. And the crisis unfolds not only on a national or a regional level. It is a global phenomenon: Democracy is no longer on the rise, the rule of law appears weakened, political cohesion seems to erode. The protection of human rights is being questioned, international criminal law is not broadly recognised, international trade may have lost some of its appeal. Institutional actors find their authority questioned, established political parties are threatened by ever-changing popular movements. But to where does the charted road lead? How will the ‘Crisis of Constitutionalism’ unfold in the years to come? Nobody knows, of course. But at the same time, nobody is too keen to make an educated guess either. This volume remedies that. By giving nine scholars in law and political science the opportunity to make their predictions as to where the constitutionalist project will stand ten years from now, it creates a forum of deliberation that will not only aim at anticipating the developments in question but at the same time shape academic discourse on constitutionalism alongside it.

OUP accepted manuscript

Abstract: The primary purpose of this article is to survey the issue of oikonomia and risk management in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice in terms of economic theology. In the theology of the Apostle Paul, ‘oikonomia’ signifies God’s miraculous dispensation to guide human souls to salvation. Nonetheless, today’s economic theologians, including Giorgio Agamben, have demonstrated that its meaning has been gradually secularised, developing into capitalist ideas semantically covering concepts such as risk calculation, shaping human conduct to market conformity, and business administration. Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is an intriguing narrative, situated at the historical juncture where the idea of oikonomia was secularised by mediating Christian theology with capitalist ideologies. The paradox of this comedy, in which nobody is killed and nobody goes bankrupt, is that uncalculating and abandoned risk management becomes proper administration. It is thus not surprising to see the idea of ‘mercy’ as the theme of the play, approaching the meaning of ‘dispensation’, an English translation of ‘oikonomia’.

‘Nobody Kills a Priest’: Irish Noir and Pathogenic Vulnerability in Benjamin Black’s Holy Orders

Abstract: Abstract This chapter addresses the systemic precarisation of individuals through the examination of Holy Orders (2013), the sixth title in Benjamin Black’s “Quirke series”. This crime novel describes the multi-layered precarity of Ireland’s travellers, that appear, I argue, as archives of the failing of infrastructural norms and paradigms of pathogenic vulnerability. Similarly, the story captures the corrupted network of control and influence sustained by the Catholic Church and its concomitant rule of silence, whose dysfunctionality generates a string of parallel justice. In my analysis, I will first explore how the failure of Ireland’s network of infrastructural support has prevailed throughout time, decimating the lives of some of its most vulnerable individuals. Then, I will trace the vigilantism that, as a convention in crime fiction, appears as a product of such deficiency and the troubling questions posed for the contemporary reader.

Nominal and pronominal negative concord, through the lens of Belizean and Jamaican Creole

Abstract: Abstract The article aims to advance the general understanding of negative concord through a comparative analysis of nominal and pronominal negative concord in Jamaican and Belizean Creole, based on the translations of the New Testament. It supplies a general characterization of Jamaican and Belizean negative concord and then focuses on negative concord with a negator like what corresponds to English not and either a pronoun or a nominal like what corresponds to English nobody or no man, respectively. The paper makes a strong plea for studying nominal negative concord in its own right. It shows how it differs from pronominal negative concord and for both it lays bare a variety of non-concordant patterns. It explains the variation in terms of a number of principles, one of which is what is standardly called the ‘Negative First’ principle, but it is defined in a new way. The article shows that there can be concord with definite negative nominals.

I Want to Know about My Train! Factors Driving Children’s Motivation to Learn about Individuals

Abstract: ABSTRACT Past research has shown that children are more likely to seek out and remember facts about kinds (e.g. “tarsiers hunt for birds”) than individuals (e.g. “this tarsier likes to sing”), underscoring the importance of kind-based information in human cognition. However, children also often care about and learn facts about individuals. What are, then, the circumstances that increase interest in specific facts? Here, we explored whether ownership, familiarity, and entity type influence children’s decision to learn information about individuals over kinds. Specifically, we asked 4- to 5-year-olds whether they wanted to learn new information about a specific item, or about that item’s kind, varying the item’s ownership status (owned by the child, an experimenter, or nobody), familiarity (a familiar or a novel kind), and entity type (animal or artifact) across trials. Children preferred to learn specific information about items they owned, regardless of familiarity or type, and kind-based information about items owned by a stranger (i.e., an experimenter). When asked about items not owned by them (i.e. items owned by nobody or an experimenter), familiarity shaped children’s learning preferences: children preferred to learn kind-based information about novel, but not familiar, items. This study is the first to reveal factors that motivate children to learn about individuals, laying the groundwork for future research on the circumstances that drive children’s learning preferences more broadly.

Bereaved parents involvement in maternity hospital perinatal death review processes: ‘Nobody even thought to ask us anything’

Abstract: The death of a baby is devastating for parents, families and staff involved. Involving bereaved parents in their baby's care and in the maternity hospital perinatal death review can help parents manage their bereavement and plan for the future. In Ireland, bereaved parents generally have not been involved in this review process. The aim of our study was to assess parents' perception of how they may be appropriately involved in the maternity hospital perinatal death review in ways that benefit them and the review process itself.

Demystify scrambled and encoded images with auto-encoders

Abstract: Monitoring systems have become more and more popular. A typical example is a smart home monitoring system which provides peace of mind for people staying far away from their homes. This system can be deployed for different purposes, such as to take care elderly staying at home alone or to provide anti-theft when nobody is at home. In this type of monitoring systems, there is always a problem with protecting the privacy and security of captured images. This problem is often addressed by either scrambling or encoding techniques that add noise in or to distort the images. In the IEEE Big Data 2022 Cup, the challenge is to detect and perform matching between an original image and its scrambled or encoded version. Generally, if we are able to train a machine learning model that would correctly identify the matching, it will be proof that the applied scrambling or encoding technique is not strong enough to protect data and hence it needs to be strengthened further. In this paper, we present an auto-encoder architecture that allows us to demystify scrambled or encoded images as long as the scrambling or encoding techniques are deterministic. Source code is publicly available ¹ .

Physical computing systems - a systematic approach

Abstract: As we talked with school teachers about the use of physical computing systems in class, one major drawback of these systems became obvious: almost nobody – next to enthusiastic autodidacts – has been able to tell us on an abstract basis for which educational purposes a certain physical computing system can be used, i.e

Affective Spaces: Architecture and the Living Body by Federico de Matteis (review)

Abstract: Reviewed by: Affective Spaces: Architecture and the Living Body by Federico de Matteis Jasna Sersic Affective Spaces: Architecture and the Living Body BY FEDERICO DE MATTEIS New York, NY: Routledge, 2021 What is architectural space? For architects, urban planners, and all involved in the design and transformation of the environment, space is a central subject. However, despite this fact, nobody accurately states what space is all about. As a result, the concept of space remains ambiguous, challenging to transmit, and a point of fundamental misunderstandings, with consequences on how we move, inhabit, and transform the world around us (1). In the attempt to provide order in today’s theory of space in architecture, De Matteis’ Affective Spaces invites the reader to explore the question of space from the subject’s point of view by asking what the encounter with architecture is like, and how do I feel, here, now?, borrowed from Eugene Minkowski (7). De Matteis offers an interconnected yet clear and instructive way to explore further what first-hand, direct experience with architecture can tell us about the effects it produces on us. Through this exciting intellectual journey, De Matteis thus shows how architecture, generally understood as an art of building space, does not regard the built environment alone. As people are also emotionally affected by the (built) world they live in, this book can ultimately be read as a quest to understand the relation between the feelings and moods arising from the bodily, corporeal experience of the built environment and the way they invite us to respond and act within environments we inhabit and modify (130). To accept De Matteis’ invitation to join him on his quest entails two things. The first is to take the position that the root of the emergence of sense and feelings is the subject’s corporeity. We must thus acknowledge the primacy of feeling (130). The second, by extension, is to put aside preconceived notions and conceptual tools for representing space inherited from modernity, as they are grounded in dualistic contraposition between physical reality, which is seen as objective (9). In contrast, experience and feeling are seen as subjective (9). Consequently, [End Page 142] they cannot adequately grasp the non- measurable dimensions of the lived space and thus the experience that the subject makes of it. Instead, De Matteis argues that one cannot describe space as a thing separate from us and that we are always a part of the space we inhabit. For this purpose, the book derives its theoretical model of space from phenomenology, which considers the felt body as a sounding board for the built environment and human experience of the world. The book is arranged into fourteen chapters that show the thematic progression of the argument, and is structured in three parts that explore space, the living body and corporeal dynamics, and the experiential character of some specific families of space. Titles of the chapters provide clear signposts to the reader about where the story is going and are much appreciated in this unique exploration. They also show that the author carefully weaves the conceptual intersections between phenomenology and its model of space with investigations in several fields of knowledge. Drawing across a multitude of disciplines, ranging from geography, anthropology, psychology, philosophy of mind, and aesthetics to neurosciences, and offering many examples from art, literature, film, and everyday life, the book helps the reader visualize the content discussed. This panoramic character and accessible language and format make it an engaging read for experts in the field and to a broader audience interested in topics addressed in the book. Perhaps one of the most compelling arguments the book brings forward is that the corporeal dynamics of space enable understanding of space as a thing that is not separate from us. It is from the coming together of persons and things that atmospheres arise. They are not objective, yet they exist as the natural qualities of things; neither are they subjective, yet they belong to sensing beings. This understanding implies a possible workable definition with no boundary between the subject and object. However, it also clearly points out that the book emerged in response to our modern understanding and critique...