Showing papers on "Olfaction published in 1972"
114 citations
TL;DR: The removal of the olfactory bulbs was found to suppress natural killing behavior but also to induce killing in some rats that did not naturally kill mice.
91 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the abolition of intermale aggressive behavior after bulb removal is not due to the production of anosmia per se.
87 citations
TL;DR: The absolute dependence of the male hamster on olfactory cues for sexual arousal has an obvious adaptive value in a species where the female tends to be dominant in encounters and the male can be maimed or killed during the course of a fight.
Abstract: Ablation of the olfactory bulbs terminates the sexually oriented behavior patterns shown by the male hamster towards the female. All aspects of overt copulatory behavior including mounting are immediately eliminated. Investigatory behavior is decreased significantly and orientation of attention to the hindquarters of the animal being investigated (sexual orientation) is lost over a one to two week interval. This disruption of sexually oriented behavior patterns occurs regardless of the degree of experience of the male in mating prior to the bulbectomy. Unilateral bulbectomy or sham bulbectomy does not disrupt, even temporarily, the mating pattern.
Evidence that the lack of mating behavior following bulbectomy is indeed due to anosmia was provided by rendering animals temporarily anosmic by use of zinc sulfate in the nasal cavities. Full recovery of sexual activity occurred within four to six days following this treatment. A second treatment produced a similar result.
Naive males, raised in isolation, can show a normal copulatory pattern on first exposure to a receptive female. Naive males do not distinguish between diestrus (non receptive) and estrus (receptive) vaginal secretions from the female.
The release of sexual arousal requires olfactory input in the male hamster, conditioning to other cues does not occur. However, differentiation between receptive and non-receptive females appears to be a positive learned response. The absolute dependence of the male hamster on olfactory cues for sexual arousal has an obvious adaptive value in a species where the female tends to be dominant in encounters and the male, if unable to escape, can be maimed or killed during the course of a fight.
83 citations
TL;DR: Male rats with bilateral ablations of the olfactory bulbs were tested on several activity measures and in passive and active avoidance situations, and were significantly poorer at passive avoidance acquisition, and significantly better at active avoidance.
76 citations
TL;DR: It seems fair to say that perceptual capacity for olfactory stimuli is likely to exist in all avian species but may differ widely in amount and significance.
74 citations
TL;DR: The present experimentigated the hypothesis that multiple experiences with pregnancy and parturition occurring subsequent to olfactory bulb removal could overcome the debilitating effect of the lack of olfaction upon maternal behaviour, or whether another sensory system might eventually assume the role originally played by the Olfactory system.
Abstract: Removal of the olfactory bulbs in pregnant and non-pregnant mice has been shown to lead to a loss ofmaternal behaviour (Gandelman, Zarrow, Denenberg & Myers, 1971). Cannibalism of the young occurs in practically all cases, and in the few instances when cannibalism does not take place, the young invariably die from neglect. In mice, therefore, the olfactory system must be functional for maternal behaviour to occur. By contrast, data obtained from the rat indicate that no one sensory system is necessary for the exhibition of maternal behaviour (Beach & Jaynes, 1956). In our original experiment (Gandelman, Zarrow, Denenberg & Myers, 1971), multiparous mice were bulbectomized on Day 12 ofgestation, allowed to litter, and were killed immediately after the death of their young in order to verify the brain lesions. It was not known, therefore, whether multiple experiences with pregnancy and parturition occurring subsequent to olfactory bulb removal could overcome the debilitating effect of the lack of olfaction upon maternal behaviour, or whether another sensory system might eventually assume the role originally played by the olfactory system. The present experiment inves¬ tigated this hypothesis. Twelve, 60-day-old, nulliparous mice of the Rockland-Swiss albino strain had both olfactory bulbs removed. The operation consisted of drilling a 2-mm hole in the skull over the bulbs and removing the tissue by aspiration. The animals were then housed individually in 5 7 11 in. translucent cages and allowed free access to food and water. Since it has been shown that sham operations do not affect maternal behaviour in 'mice (Gandelman, Zarrow, Denenberg & Myers, 1971; Zarrow, Gandelman & Denenberg, 1971), such controls were not employed. Five days after surgery, one adult male Rockland-Swiss albino mouse was placed into each cage and the females were checked every morning for the presence of a vaginal plug. After a plug was discovered, the male was removed and the female was left in isolation throughout pregnancy, parturition and the lactation period. During lactation, the females and their young were observed twice a day until the death of the offspring, after which the male was returned to the female's cage. If a vaginal plug was not found within 2 weeks, the male was removed and replaced by another male. If a vaginal plug was not found within 7 days after the second male was introduced, the female was killed and its
40 citations
37 citations
TL;DR: The structural components necessary for olfaction were present well before the fish leave their homestreams and imprinting to a homestREAM odor is a possibility at a very early age.
Abstract: The development of the olfactory structures of embryos, fry, fingerling, jnvenile and adult cutthroat trout was determined by histological and dissection techniques. Fish examined 20 days after fertilization (15 days before hatching) had nerve cells present in the olfactory epithelium and nerve fibers entering the brain. Lamellae developed on alternate sides of the central raphe in each rosette. Adult olfactory epithelium contained neuroepithelial, mucous, supporting, and basal cells with neuroepithelial cells present only in the valleys of the lamellae. Water circulation through the olfactory organ appeared to be inactive, although two accessory chambers were present. The structural components necessary for olfaction were present well before the fish leave their homestreams. Imprinting to a homestream odor is a possibility at a very early age.
19 citations
TL;DR: Data support the view that odor discrimination employs information derived from topographic response patterns across the olfactory mucosal surface, as resulting from the absence of mucosal stimulation on one side (asymmetrical input).
8 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the accessory olfactory organ of Lampetra fluviatilis is capable of responding to a “special kind” of chemical stimulus and its possible function is discussed.
Abstract: The accessory olfactory organ of Lampetra fluviatilis was found to consist of clusters of interconnected vesicles in tenuous connection with the exterior medium via the cavity of the olfactory organ. The walls of the vesicles are composed of two types of cells. One type are primary sense cells that resemble the olfactory sense cells in that their nucleus is situated peripherally and their axons pass directly into the brain. They differ from the olfactory sense cells in the size and number of cilia they bear, and also in the internal structure of the cilia. The second cell type are supporting and/or secretory cells. It is concluded that this sense organ is capable of responding to a “special kind” of chemical stimulus and its possible function is discussed.
TL;DR: The electrical activity recorded at the surface of the frog's nervous olfactory structures shows two very different patterns in connection with the amphibiotical life of the animal.