Showing papers on "Perceptual psychology published in 1987"

Applying cognitive psychology to user-interface design

Abstract: Introduction: The Role of Cognitive Psychology in User-Interface Design Key Areas of Cognitive Psychology: A Historical Perspective Principles from the Psychology of Thinking and Mental Models Principles from the Pscyhology of Memory Principles from the Psychology of Skill Acquisition Principles from the Psychology of Language Towards Application: Design Guidelines Assessment of Trends in the Technology and Techniques of Human-Computer Interactions Application and Research Priorities: Future Directions.

Relations between cognitive psychology and computer system design

Abstract: is ever less feasible to count on the existence of experienced operators . Unlike typewriters and automobiles , it seems unlikely that information machines of the future will stay the same long enough for public school training to prepare people for lifelong careers based on their use. Thus easy learning or self-evident operations are critical . Second, and equally important , the tasks for which computers are the tools are generally ones in which the human's thought process es themselves are being aided. The ,maturation of computer applications is taking us ever farther in this direction . The first jobs for computers involved routine information tasks like

Visual knowledge underlying letter perception: font-specific, schematic tuning.

Abstract: The representation of visual information about letters is proposed to be highly systematic, involving not only abstract information that is invariant across type faces (or fonts), but also a number of parameters whose values are determined by the current font Th e system exploits regularities that are characteristic of letters and fonts by becoming tune d to the details of the font Thi s should result in efficient letter perception when the stimuli are regular (when all of the letters are of a consistent font), but not when the stimuli are irregular (when the letters are from a variety of fonts) Th e prediction of faster processing with a regular font, as compared with a mixed font, was examined in three experiments requiring the recognition of four-letter strings Experiment 1 confirmed the prediction, and Experiment 2 replicated the effect with the number of "features" equated across conditions. Experiment 3 showed that the disadvantage for a mixture of fonts is related to how muc h the representational system must be adjusted to handle the different fonts A central issue in cognitive an d perceptual psychology is how familiar objects are represented and perceived. This article concerns the representation and perception o f letters, which are representative of more complex objects in that they vary considerably in appearance from instance to instance: The actual form of a letter depends on the type face, or font. Therefore, it is necessary for models of letter perception to specify how the perceptual system maps letters of differen t fonts onto the appropriate abstract letter codes. The purpose of the present research was twofold, first, to begin developing a new kind of model of letter perception, one that uses the idea of a structural network, and, second, to test this model against a class of simpler models by examining how perceptual representations might become systematically tuned for a particular font. A useful general approach to the recognition problem is to

Wittgenstein and Categorization Research in Cognitive Psychology

Abstract: Research in psychology tends to reflect, sometimes self-consciously, prevailing philosophical viewpoints. Categorization is the area in cognitive psychology which deals with the ancient problem of universals, that is, with the fact that unique particular objects or events can be treated equivalently. Prior to the 1970s, categorization research tended to mirror the simplified worlds described in early Wittgenstein and in logical positivism. However, Wittgenstein’s later philosophy has revolutionary implications for many aspects of human thought, among them issues in categorization. In this paper, I will argue that modern research in natural categories is actually derived from Wittgensteinian insights, but ambivalently so: It has tended to work with the symptoms rather than the root of his challenge.

Cognitive intervention with elite performers: reversal theory.

Abstract: Noticeable in the literature associated with the application of psychology to the area of sport and sports performance in particular has been the increasing frequency of references to the use of cognitive intervention in the sports context. Currently utilised in clinical psychology and behavioural medicine, and receiving increasing attention in sports psychology, are a number of intervention techniques primarily oriented towards altering the individual's level of arousal. These techniques, which have been advocated for use by sports performers as an aid to adapting and coping during competition, have been largely concerned with arousal reduction. This paper presents an alternative approach, the case of reversal theory, a new general theory of psychology concerned with motivation, and emphasises the conceptual implications of this new approach for the use of cognitive intervention techniques in sport.

The Musical Mind: The Cognitive Psychology of Music by John A. Sloboda

Abstract: the musical mind the cognitive psychology of music. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the the musical mind the cognitive psychology of music your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.

Demonstration experiments in perception and cognitive psychology for the Macintosh computer

Abstract: A package of programs demonstrating psychology experiments widely cited in perception and cognitive psychology textbooks is described The programs are suitable for laboratory research projects and in-class demonstrations An attractive feature of the programs is that they have provisions for changing experimental parameters to allow students to design different experiments from the original programs Iconic memory, memory scanning (using the additive factors approach), lexical decision, target detection, speeded classification, picture recognition/picture memory, and the Phi phenomenon can be demonstrated

Stich on the foundations of cognitive psychology

Abstract: Most of us engage occasionally in the activity of explaining the behavior and mental states of our fellow humans. We hypothesize that Harold is worried because he believes that his job is in jeopardy, and that Mildred took the bus to work because she did not want to drive her car. The background against which we proceed is sometimes referred to as \"folk psychology\". Two salient features of folk psychology are its reliance on the concepts of \"belief\" and \"desire\", and its frequent reference to the content of beliefs and desires as part of its explanations. In short, folk psychology comprises intuitions about explanations in terms of causally efficacious intentional states. Philosophers who have explored the nature of cognitive psychology have often noted that much progress has been made in that discipline since psychologists abandoned the behavioristic strictures associated with Watson and Skinner, and began talking about information, the content of perceptual beliefs, and other intentionalistic concepts. This has generally been taken as evidence that cognitive psychologists are doing the right thing in importing the intentional machinery of folk psychology into their theories I or at least that psychology should make use of some of the intentional idioms associated with folk psychology, albeit perhaps in a modified form 2.