Showing papers on "Planck force published in 2003"

Planck mass plasma vacuum conjecture

Abstract: As an alternative to string field theories in R10 (or M theory in R11) with a large group and a very large number of possible vacuum states, we propose SU2 as the fundamental group, assuming that nature works like a computer with a binary number system. With SU2 isomorphic to SO3, the rotation group in R3, explains why R3 is the natural space. Planck’s conjecture that the fundamental equations of physics should contain as free parameters only the Planck length, mass and time, requires to replace differentials by rotation – invariant finite difference operators in R3. With SU2 as the fundamental group, there should be negative besides positive Planck masses, and the freedom in the sign of the Planck force permits to construct in a unique way a stable Planck mass plasma composed of equal numbers of positive and negative Planck mass particles, with each Planck length volume in the average occupied by one Planck mass particle, with Planck mass particles of equal sign repelling and those of opposite sign attracting each other by the Planck force over a Planck length. From the thusly constructed Planck mass plasma one can derive quantum mechanics and Lorentz invariance, the latter for small energies compared to the Planck energy. In its lowest state the Planck mass plasma has dilaton and quantized vortex states, with Maxwell’s and Einstein’s field equations derived from the antisymmetric and symmetric modes of a vortex sponge. In addition, the Planck mass plasma has excitonic quasiparticle states obeying Dirac’s equation with a maximum of four such states, and a mass formula of the lowest state in terms of the Planck mass, permitting to compute the value of the finestructure constant at the Planck length, in surprisingly good agreement with the empirical value.

Planck's Spectral Distribution Law in N Dimensions

Abstract: Planck's spectral distribution law is derived in N-dimensional space. Some relevant formulas are thus obtained and analyzed. The behavior of these formulas in higher dimensions is examined and some numerical values are calculated.

The new planck scale: quantized spin and charge coupled to gravity

Abstract: In the standard approach to defining a Planck scale where gravity is brought into the quantum domain, the Schwarzschild gravitational radius is set equal to the Compton wavelength. However, ignored thereby are the charge and spin, the fundamental quantized aspects of matter. The gravitational and null-surface radii of the Kerr–Newman metric are used to introduce spin and charge into a new extended Planck scale. The fine structure constant appears in the extended Planck mass and the recent discovery of the α variation with the evolution of the universe adds further significance. An extended Planck charge and Planck spin are derived. There is an intriguing suggestion of a connection with the α value governing high-energy radiation in Z-boson production and decay.

Planck - scale structure of spacetime and some implications for astrophysics and cosmology

Abstract: I briefly review some scenarios for the role of the Planck length in quantum gravity. In particular, I examine the differences between the schemes in which quantum gravity is expected to introduce a maximum acceleration and the schemes in which the Planck length sets the minimum value of wavelengths (maximum value of momentum). I also comment on some pictures for the structure of spacetime at the Planck scale, such as spacetime discretization and spacetime noncommutativity. I stress that some of these proposals can have significant implications in astrophysics and cosmology.

Extended planck scale

Abstract: Traditional derivations of the Planck mass ignore the role of charge and spin in general relativity. From the Kerr–Newman null surface and horizon radii, quantized charge and spin dependence are introduced in an extended Planck scale of mass. Spectra emerge with selection rules dependent upon the choice of Kerr–Newman radius to link with the Compton wavelength. The appearance of the fine structure constant suggests the possibility of a variation in time of the extended Planck mass, which may be much larger than the variation in the traditional one. There is a suggestion of a connection with the α value governing high-energy radiation in Z-boson production and decay.

The Planck Length Scale and Einstein Mass-Energy Obtained from the Sciama-Mach Large Number Relationship

Abstract: If a physical significance should be attributed to the cosmological large number relationship obtained from Sciama's formulation of Mach's Principle, then a number of interesting physical conclusions may be drawn. The Planck length is naturally obtained as the amplitude of waves in a medium whose properties are implied by the relationship. The relativistic internal energy associated with a rest mass is explicitly related to the gravitational potential energy of the Universe, and consistency with the Einstein photon energy is demonstrated. Broader cosmological consequences of this formulation are addressed.

Super Unification of All Forces

Abstract: The annihilation of Planck and anti‐Planck mass is paramount in explaining the Big‐Bang. This total release of primordial energy in the form of electromagnetic‐like radiation through ‘nothing’ offers a model similar to the standard model of a Riemannian hypersphere. Our model however would expand radiantly outward from time zero in the form of a hyper‐wave which would carry the total energy of the Big‐Bang with it. By using this wave concept and the Planck force (FPL) inherent in the quantum vacuum, it is possible to explain the space‐time geometry of our universe and complete unification.

Natural Nonlinear Quantum Units and Human Artificial Linear System of Units

Abstract: Diving into the nonlinear massive range of nuclear physics, the quark model already indicates that the linearized massless length scales break down. Although we are often confronted with nonlinear and relativistic dynamics, we obtain our fundamental values with the classical linear system of units SI by linear extrapolation. Ignoring the correspondent nonlinear relations while extrapolating to the Planck scale h=c=µ=1 based on linear massless relations leads to pseudo-scales equivalent to geometrized mass units. This paper shows that one of the fundamental dimensions length, time, mass becomes redundant approaching the Planck scale. The hidden information can be assigned to a geometrized natural quantum mass unit µ part of the Planck constant h. In other words: c, h, and µ are interrelated.

A Natural Mass Unit Hidden in the Planck Action Quantum

Abstract: 0.138% above the neutron and 0.276% above the proton baryon mass a natural mass unit µ can be identified by extrapolating dimensionless Planck units h=c=1 to the System of Units (SI). Similar to quantum measurements that determine h it is only necessary to relate the unit kinetic particle energy to the quantum energy of a photon having a unit wavelength. Connecting both energies and shifting the units, the inverse ratio of length units evolves proportional to the square of velocity units since both are proportional to the energy unit. With this connection the measurement of h becomes an indirect light velocity measurement and measurement of µ and shows that nonzero action and mass quanta corresponds to a finite light velocity c. As already shown, these sequential baryon mass differences (typical mass deficits of strong interaction) including the electron mass can be recovered within measurement error (some ppm) by simple relations obtained from bosonizing a massive Dirac equation.

Planck-scale structure of spacetime and some implications for astrophysics and cosmology

Abstract: I briefly review some scenarios for the role of the Planck length in quantum gravity. In particular, I examine the differences between the schemes in which quantum gravity is expected to introduce a maximum acceleration and the schemes in which the Planck length sets the minimum value of wavelengths (maximum value of momentum). I also comment on some pictures for the structure of spacetime at the Planck scale, such as spacetime discretization and spacetime noncommutativity. I stress that some of these proposals can have significant implications in astrophysics and cosmology.

Stability of matter in the accelerating spacetime

Abstract: In the paper the Planck, Yukawa and Bohr forces were defined and calculated. It was shown that the Planck force mediates the universe acceleration. The Yukawa and Bohr forces describe the gradients of attractive strong and Coulomb forces. It was shown that smallest, of the present day, value of Planck force in comparison to values of the Yukawa and Bohr force guarantees the stability of matter at T (age of universe), 10^17 s. In this paper the new particle with mass m_(Bohr)=3.7 keV/c^2 is postulated. The range of the Coulomb force at the atomic level is described by the formula r_(atomic)=hbar/(m_Bohr)c=0.1nm The relation of the Planck, Yukawa, Bohr to the Schwiger force (for vacuum creation of electron-pozyton pairs)is also outlined.