Showing papers on "Possession (law) published in 1970"
TL;DR: It took six hours to cover the distance and the party consisted of two psychiatrists, a sociologist and an automechanic, which was badly needed because road conditions in the interior of Haiti are very bad.
Abstract: 1. Haiti. Because the Voodoo services in the Haitian capital, Port-auPrince, are largely a tourist affair, my Haitian friends and I decided to attend a service in the interior of the country. We chose the small town of Mirag6ane, fifty miles from the capital because of Titoro (a Voodoo priest) who had made a name for himself as a healer. Our party consisted of two psychiatrists, a sociologist and an automechanic. The last was badly needed because road conditions in the interior of Haiti are very bad. Rivers had to be forded, there were big ditches in the road and big boulders blocked our way. It took six hours to cover the distance.
86 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: An overview of the history of the vast region that was granted statehood in 1959 is given in this article, with details of the Russian occupation, U.S. possession, the gold rushes, the area's strategic importance during World War II, and its petroleum resources are given.
Abstract: An overview of the history of the vast region that was granted statehood in 1959. Details of the Russian occupation, U.S. possession, the gold rushes, the area's strategic importance during World War II, and its petroleum resources are given.
13 citations
TL;DR: Possession is nine-tenths of the law as mentioned in this paper, and Italy's success in retaining the Southern Sporades or Dodecanese group of islands in the years immediately preceding the First World War was not accompanied by a corresponding surrender to Italy's Central Power allies.
Abstract: Possession is nine-tenths of the law. Diplomacy confirms the fact. As an illustration no incident is better than the Italian retention of the Southern Sporades or Dodecanese group of Aegean Islands in the years immediately preceding the First World War. Italy, last and weakest of the Great Powers, was able to defy the expressed wishes of Britain, the dominant naval power on whose patronage Italy traditionally relied. Defiance of Britain was not accompanied by a corresponding surrender to Italy's Central Power allies. It triumphed through Italian skill at exploiting the above dictum: possession is nine-tenths of the law.
10 citations
TL;DR: Robert Thomson Leiper was described by the late Sir Philip Manson-Bahr in 1956 as the world’s foremost helminthologist; this had already been his reputation for practically half a century; at the age of 80 he was referred to as the ‘Father of helminthia of the British Commonwealth’ by Thomas W. A. Cameron.
Abstract: Robert Thomson Leiper was described by the late Sir Philip Manson-Bahr in 1956 as the world’s foremost helminthologist; this had already been his reputation for practically half a century; at the age of 80 he was referred to as the ‘Father of helminthology of the British Commonwealth’ by Thomas W. A. Cameron, and by others as the ‘Father of modern helminthology’ Leiper was born in Witch Road, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, on 17 April 1881, the eldest of three children of John and Jessie Leiper. His mother’s maiden name was Aird and his maternal grandmother’s Boyd. The family had been settled in the town of Kilmarnock for three generations, but earlier had been farmers in the neighbouring county of Lanarkshire. His great-great-grandfather farmed Stonyhill in the parish of Avondale and his great-grandfather the farm, Drumboy. Some of this land is still in the possession of the family, and Robert Leiper himself bought the original farm, though in 1951 he had to sell it.
9 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The Fourth Latcran Council (CLC) as discussed by the authors was the first attempt to implement the religious renewal which had been gaining momentum since the mid-eleventh century, and was the last attempt of the Church's most determined and far-reaching effort to implement its religious renewal.
Abstract: The Fourth Latcran Council, convoked in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, represents the medieval Church’s most determined and far-reaching effort to implement the religious renewal which had been gaining momentum since the mid-eleventh century. It met at a troubled time in the Church’s history. The Catharist heresy persisted despite the crusade which Innocent had launched in 1209. On the frontiers of Christendom the Moors had been thrust back in Spain (1212), but the diversion of the Fourth Crusade to Constantinople (1204) had not only left the Saracens in possession of the Holy Land, but had further embittered Greek Christians. Within the western Church the reforms of earlier days, further implemented by the three preceding Lateran councils, and especially by the Third under Alexander III, left much still to be done, particularly in the matter of raising the standards of the parish priests.
8 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of titles published between 1923 and 1936 reflect a time before firm lines were drawn between the emerging disciplines of anthropology and psychology and show just how far both areas have moved since then.
Abstract: Published between 1923 and 1936, the titles in this set reflect a time before firm lines were drawn between the emerging disciplines of anthropology and psychology and show just how far both areas have moved since then. Titles such as The Primitive Mind and Modern Civilization, which has a foreword by C.G. Jung, show contemporary thinking on the so-called 'primitive psyche' and others explore themes such as possession, magic, religion and politics. The set includes three titles by the renowned scholar W.H.R. Rivers.
6 citations
Journal Article•
5 citations
TL;DR: A problem that stems entirely from the distinction they draw between proper names and class names is discussed, and one has only to deny the premise of that distinction for their problem to become a pseudo-problem and their discussion irrelevant.
Abstract: The article by Heise and Starr (1968), on the relationship of type-specimens to species names, suggests that they hold a common, unfortunate belief: that the methods and conclusions of empirical science must necessarily conform to some pre-established system of logic. Usually, it is desirable that they do so conform, although the logic concerned must have good credentials. But it can be, and sometimes is, the case that logic must conform to science. Logic is a necessary element of the "input" of science, but it can be modified by a conceptual element of the "output"; witness the substitution, in taxonomy at least, of Wittgenstein's "cluster-concept" for the essentialist "class" (Hull, 1965) .* Thus, a kind of "feedback loop" is established; and since that conceptual element includes judgements as to the "fruitfulness" of science, the feedback is negative, in that science is constrained towards a path judged to be optimal. A static logic may be applicable to static problems, but not to a continuing process, such as science. Heise and Starr discuss at length a problem that stems entirely from the distinction they draw between proper names and class names; and, perhaps significantly, they cite as authority a work on formal logic written in 1906. One has only to deny the premise of that distinction for their problem to become a pseudo-problem and their discussion irrelevant. I propose to offer that denial, but hasten to add that I do so with little originality (see, e.g., Russell, 1940). Briefly, according to Heise and Starr, a proper name names an individual, has no intension, and does not imply the possession of any specific attributes; whereas a classname names a class, has intension, and so does imply possession of specific attributes.
3 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that about 6 per cent of the respondents in the surveys conducted among the general public report that they keep archaeological finds, and that a personal relationship between the keeper, artefact and place/land seems to be the most important reason why such respondents keep them in their possession.
Abstract: Ever since Norway adopted its first Cultural Heritage Act in 1905, all newly discovered archaeological artefacts that predate AD 1537 are owned by the Norwegian state. Five designated university museums currently take care of such archaeological finds. However, private individuals often keep such finds in their possession, and in many cases archaeologists make no active effort to collect these. In order to attain knowledge about attitudes to state ownership in Norway, and the situation whereby private individuals keep archaeological finds, three surveys have been carried out: one among archaeologists and two among the public. These surveys document ambivalence about how state ownership is practiced. Although both archaeologists and members of the public support – in principle – the idea that all artefacts ought to be handed in to the museums, in practice they take a more pragmatic approach. About 6 per cent of the respondents in the surveys conducted among the general public report that they keep archaeological finds. A personal relationship between the keeper, artefact and place/land seems to be the most important reason why such respondents keep them in their possession. Nevertheless, a majority of even these respondents still supports the public ownership of such finds – in principle. The surveys indicate that more efforts ought to be made to stimulate the collecting of archaeological finds, as well as providing better access to such artefacts in local communities. For instance, it is suggested that a greater degree of local or private storage of artefacts might be formalised. In this regard, it is important that heritage management develop priorities, and provide archaeologists with ap- propriate advice in order to stimulate well-considered decisions about whether they collect artefacts to the museums or deposit them locally.
3 citations
TL;DR: In his Jubilee article on nuclear structure ProfJC Willmott posed a number of questions as discussed by the authors, which have not all been answered in the two years since that article was written, and we are now in possession of new experimental data and improved theoretical interpretations which allow us some insight into the form these answers may take.
Abstract: In his Jubilee article on nuclear structure ProfJC Willmott posed a number of questions While these have not all been answered in the two years since that article was written, we are now in possession of new experimental data and improved theoretical interpretations which allow us some insight into the form these answers may take
2 citations
TL;DR: English law, as limited or modified, applies as one of the residual systems of law in Northern Nigeria, the other being customary law as discussed by the authors, and the assumption underlying both the reception of English law and the retention of customary law was that both would be eroded and a new system would be created by local legislation and local decisions.
Abstract: English law, as limited or modified, applies as one of the residual systems of law in Northern Nigeria, the other being customary law. The assumption underlying both the reception of English law and the retention of customary law was that both would be eroded and a new system would be created by local legislation and local decisions. While some erosion of both systems has taken place, such a process is necessarily slow and there remains a large area of law where the relationship of the received and retained law to local legislation is difficult to elaborate with any degree of precision. This is particularly true of the relationship of English law to the provisions of the Land Tenure Law and its predecessor, the Land and Native Rights Ordinance. The primary difficulty encountered in this context is the analogy which can be drawn between a lease in English form and the statutory right of occupancy, since the latter interest is granted by the appropriate authority normally, although not necessarily, for a definite term of years and may be governed by covenants which relate to rent, use and occupation, assignment and subletting, recovery of possession and so on.
TL;DR: In a closed, or controlled, society, of course, the question of principle is readily solved as discussed by the authors, and it is not trivial: arrests are made, fortunes are lost in juridical defense at least as great as are made in the traffic, and both actions are justified in terms of "the principles" involved.
Abstract: Recent discussions of the laws governing obscenity have brought to light, once again, the enormous consequences of a decision to legislate what is essentially a matter of individual morality.' As if the failure of the "noble experiment" did not suffice to demonstrate that a universal prohibition-of something which under certain circumstances may conduce to a social evil but which in ordinary circumstances is best left to the judgment of responsible citizens itself creates an unmitigated social evil, individual states and smaller municipalities continue to pass laws prohibiting the possession, distribution, and enjoyment of "obscene" art and literature. And, given the nature of our federal system, the Supreme Court is called upon to adjudicate the claims of private citizens to exercise their own judgment as to what constitutes "decency" against the police power of the state to define decency for them. The question is not trivial: arrests are made, fortunes are lost in juridical defense at least as great as are made in the traffic, and both actions are justified in terms of "the principles" involved. In a closed, or controlled, society, of course, the question of principle is readily solved. No one has the right to break the laws, nor the privi-
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Turner v. United States, 396 U.S. 398 (1970) as mentioned in this paper was the first case in which the Supreme Court held that unexplained possession of a narcotic drug is sufficient to authorize conviction for trafficking in narcotics unless the defendant explains possession to satisfaction of the jury.
Abstract: In Turner v. United States, 396 U.S. 398 (1970), petitioner and two companions were arrested by federal agents for possession of cocaine hydrochloride, and a bag of heroine. Petitioner was indicted and convicted for possession and for distribution of drugs that were not in the bag. The Supreme Court held that statutory presumption that unexplained possession of narcotic drug is sufficient to authorize conviction for trafficking in narcotics unless defendant explains possession to satisfaction of the jury was valid. The Court also held that the absence of appropriate tax stamps shall be prima facie evidence to purchase, dispense or distribute narcotic drug not in or from original package bearing tax stamps.This article is a history of those laws granting presumptions and the need to give greater protection to defendants’ constitutional rights.
TL;DR: The French empire, continuing the policy of the revolution, confiscated ecclesiastical property wherever it expanded, and by 1804 Napoleon distributed the church's land in Germany among his client rulers on the right bank of the Rhine.
Abstract: Madame de Stael, in her monumental study of German culture, L'Allemagne , wrote of the Catholic church at the dawn of the nineteenth century: “Today, standing disarmed, it has the majesty of an aged lion which formerly made the universe tremble.” 1 The French empire, continuing the policy of the revolution, confiscated ecclesiastical property wherever it expanded. By 1804 Napoleon distributed the church's land in Germany—which had been the most extensive in her possession of any country in Christendom—among his client rulers on the right bank of the Rhine. 2 All over Europe princes were dissolving monastic communities in order to make their revenues available to the state. Perhaps the church suffered her crowning indignity in 1809, when Napoleon responded to a dispute with the pope by making him his prisoner.
TL;DR: The lawyer occupies a status unique to cultures derived from Roman tradition or influenced by the West as mentioned in this paper, and this status has been one of great prestige and importance since medieval times and nowhere was it more important than in Spain, where possession of a law degree entitled one to greater economic and social perquisites than most other elite roles.
Abstract: The lawyer occupies a status unique to cultures derived from Roman tradition or influenced by the West. This status has been one of great prestige and importance since medieval times and nowhere was it more important than in Spain, where possession of a law degree entitled one to greater economic and social perquisites than most other elite roles. Furthermore, the lawyer was perceived as having specific skills fitting him for the art of ruling, and lawyers therefore occupied very powerful policy-making positions. These aspects of social value and political function were later transplanted to Hispanic America.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The fact that Vpered had three programmes, differing from each other and all written, one after the other, in a period of some ten or eleven months, by one and the same person, Lavrov, has long been a cause of wonderment.
Abstract: The fact that Vpered had three programmes, differing from each other and all written, one after the other, in a period of some ten or eleven months, by one and the same person, Lavrov, has long been a cause of wonderment. Until recently only the last, that is, the third of the programmes was known, having been published in the first volume of Vpered. Only after the Second World War was a group of documents found among the Lavrov papers in the possession of the Institute which turned out to be those programmes of Vpered which Lavrov’s contemporaries29) spoke and wrote about and which had remained hidden for decades.30)