Showing papers on "Power station published in 1974"

Stability of large electric power systems

Abstract: Fifty-nine papers on the stability of electric power systems selected from various conferences and other sources are presented A separate abstract was prepared for each of 58 papers One paper has been previously included in the DOE Energy Data Base (LCL)

Compressed air power plant

Abstract: A compressed air power plant for land, air and marine vehicles which is extremely efficient and 100% pollution free so as to be ecologically invaluable. The power plant operates on compressed air from tanks replenished by battery powered air compressors operating in two consecutive or simultaneous stages.

Gas turbine power plant control apparatus having a multiple backup control system

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine which drives a generator coupled to a power system through a breaker. The turbine-generator plant is operated by a hybrid control system having digital function capability during sequenced startup, synchronizing, load buildup and steady state load, and shutdown operations. The control system also contains monitoring and protective subsystems which function through all stages of operation, with redundancy and permissive features which maximize turbine availability.

Bearing temperature system failure detection apparatus suitable for use in power plants and like apparatus

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine which drives a generator coupled to a power system through a breaker. The turbine-generator plant is operated by a hybrid control system having digital function capability during sequenced startup, synchronizing, load buildup and steady state load, and shutdown operations. The control system also contains monitoring and protective subsystems which function through all stages of operation, with redundancy and permissive features which maximize turbine availability.

Power generating plant

Abstract: An electrical generating plant comprising a generator which is driven, during on-load periods, by a gas turbine; the gas turbine operates continuously and is powered by a continuous supply of fuel gas from a suitable fuel source and compressed air from an air storage reservoir; the reservoir is recharged periodically from an air compressor driven by the gas turbine during off-load periods only. The air storage reservoir thus serves to store energy supplied by the system during off-load periods and to return that energy to the system during on-load periods, in which the air compressor is inoperative and places no load on the gas turbine.

Synchronization system for a combined cycle electric power plant

Abstract: A combined cycle electric power plant includes gas and steam turbines and steam generators and a digital/analog control system. In the control system, an automatic digital computer control generates position setpoints for the gas turbine fuel valves and the steam turbine inlet valves to control speed and load. A synchronizer system includes a sequencer which is largely embodied in the digital computer as an element of the automatic control and it further includes a synchronizer which is external to the automatic control. The sequencer connects the synchronizer to synchronize the three generators in a sequence which depends on the startup and loading operation of the turbines, the synchronization operation of the synchronizer and the operation of the breakers. Turbine speed changes are initiated by the speed/load control under synchronizer control.

Combined cycle electric power plant with a steam turbine having an improved valve control system

Abstract: A combined cycle electric power plant includes two gas turbines, a steam turbine, and a digital control system with an analog or manual backup. Each of the gas turbines has an exhaust heat recovery steam generator connected to a common header from which the steam is supplied by one or both of the steam generators for operating the steam turbine. Both the digital and the analog systems provide a digital input to an interface for controlling the steam turbine valves. The analog system is controlled to operate a respective valve by an input to its interface which determines valve position in accordance with its duration. The digital system is controlled to operate a respective valve by an input to the interface in accordance with the repetitive duration of the signal. The analog system input and digital system input is applied to an interface for each valve. A plurality of the valves are operated singly through parallel connected interfaces in response to plant conditions, and a plurality of the valves are operated sequentially through respective individual disconnected interfaces in response to plant physical conditions.

Control apparatus for matching the exhaust flow of a gas turbine employed in a combined cycle electric power generating plant to the requirements of a steam generator also employed therein

Abstract: A combined cycle electric power plant including gas and steam turbines, steam generators, afterburners and a digital/analog control system is provided with inlet guide vane control apparatus adapted to match gas turbine exhaust flow to the requirements of the steam generator with which it is associated. The guide vane control apparatus operates to limit the inlet guide vane position as a function of gas turbine compressor inlet temperature in accordance with a desired gas turbine exhaust flow at predetermined operating conditions.

Effects of Thermal Shock on Larval Estuarine Fish—Ecological Implications with Respect to Entrainment in Power Plant Cooling Systems

Abstract: In the United States most existing and proposed power plant cooling systems are of the “once-through” type in which water is passed through the condensers and released back to the cooling source (lake, river, estuary or ocean) at an elevated temperature. Organisms small enough to pass through intake screens (usually 9.5 mm) such as larval fish may be entrained in the cooling system and subjected to an acute thermal shock which may be detrimental to individuals and the population.

Layout and Present Status of the Closed-Cycle Helium Turbine Plant Oberhausen

Abstract: The Oberhausen gas turbine plant now under construction is designed as a fossil-fired heating power station to produce a net electrical output at terminals of 50 MW. Helium as a working medium is employed for the first time in a closed-cycle industrial power plant system. A report is given on the layout of the circuit parameters, on the physical size of the turbomachines and heat exchangers as well as on the design of the gas-fired helium heater. Moreover, the arrangement of circuit components is discussed. The Oberhausen plant was projected under the aspect of a commercial thermal power station. Besides, the plant is of considerable importance concerning the German program for developing high-temperature reactors with helium turbines (HHT). Its significance is, on the one hand, based on the fact that the turbomachines and heat exchangers are constructed in many details to meet the requirements which occur in nuclear helium turbines of high output. Some of these components closely resemble dimensions and stresses as in a HHT-power plant. On the other hand the operational behavior of component parts will be tested under real conditions of a commercial power plant.Copyright © 1974 by ASME

Combined cycle electric power plant and a gas turbine and afterburner having coordinated fuel transfer

Abstract: A combined cycle power plant includes gas and steam turbines, gas turbine afterburners, steam generators, and a digital/analog control system. A megawatt load control system varies a fuel control signal to govern a detected power output according to a reference value, the fuel control signal determining the flow rate of fuel to a gas turbine. An afterburner is connected to heat the exhaust gas from the gas turbine. Both the gas turbine and the afterburner are adapted to use gas and liquid fuels. During gas turbine fuel transfer, the gas and liquid fuel flows are controlled in response to the fuel control signal to compensate power output disturbances that typically result from various nonlinearities of fuel system elements. Afterburner fuel transfer is initiated upon completion of gas turbine transfer. During afterburner transfer, the output signals of a temperature controller that otherwise determine the positions of the afterburner fuel control valves are interrupted, and a burner supervisor generates such signals to transfer afterburner fuel flow at a desired flow rate. Upon completion of transfer the burner supervisor returns control of the fuel valve positions to the controller, which resumes control bumplessly.

Starting system for a helicopter power plant control

Abstract: A control system for a helicopter power plant with three power units driving the lifting rotor system through a main gearbox. Each power unit comprises a gas turbine engine of the gas-coupled type, a hydromechanical fuel control receiving electrical inputs to set a gas generator governor in the fuel control, an engine electronic control, and various engine accessories. The operation of the power plant is normally controlled by the pilot through condition levers and switches on a control quadrant, through a pitch control by which the collective pitch of the rotor blades is controlled, and through a master beeper switch which is operable to trim the setting of an isochronous governor for the rotor system and the gas generator governors. The condition lever of each engine transmits a speed command signal through the electronic control of each power unit to its gas generator governor. A signal of collective pitch transmitted from the rotor control system to each engine electronic control is another factor in setting the governor. The power plant includes a power management control, the principal function of which is to equalilze the power outputs of the engines. It also includes the rotor isochronous governor. The power management control receives inputs of rotor system speed command and actual rotor speed and of the torques of the individual engines and transmits a governor trim signal to increase or decrease engine power to the several electronic controls. All signals are transmitted electrically between the rotor system, control panel, power management control, and engine electronic controls. A starting system for each engine includes logic circuits to test the operation of the electrical signal transmission system and closure of a fuel shutoff valve as a prerequisite to starting of the engine.

Capturing hydro power, earth power and wind power with means and methods of storing same

Abstract: In areas where wind power, hydro power and earth heat power are all available and are to be developed, a common means and method of storing such power during off peak periods of power use are frequently required. Here power storage is accomplished by the lifting of under ground weights. Earth power may be geothermal heats, volcanic heats, heats from hot springs, deep holes in the earth, or heats from deep oil or gas wells, such as come to the surface when they bring up oil or natural gas. These are all here combined as a common source of power. Any or all may contribute power to the power storage.

Micromachine simulation of steam power plant

Abstract: Owing to the recent growth in turbogenerator size, the dynamics of the steam-power plant influence considerably the behaviour of a generating station during large transient disurbances. To study this behaviour, detailed mathematical large-signal, nonlinear models of a boiler, turbine, governor and automatic voltage regulator (a.v.r.) were developed both for digital- and analogue-computer applications. The turbine was also modelled by a d.c. motor driving a microalternator. The power plant, simulated by an analogue computer connected to a micromachine system, was tested under load rejection and pole-slipping fault transients. The results are shown to correlate satisfactorily with those obtained from the Goldington and Northfleet power-station tests. For both these tests, an explanation of the control aspects of the phenomena is attempted.

Combined cycle electric power plant and a gas turbine having improved liquid fuel flow detection

Abstract: A combined cycle power plant includes gas and steam turbines and steam generators and a digital/analog control system. A megawatt load control system varies a fuel control signal to govern a detected power output according to a reference value. The fuel control signal determines the flow rate of fuel to the combustor of a gas turbine-generator that is adapted to use gas and liquid fuels. A flow divider comprises a plurality of gear pumps connected to rotate with a common shaft, and distributes liquid fuel equally to a plurality of nozzles of the combustor, the total liquid fuel flow to the nozzles being related to the shaft speed. The shaft speed is detected and a signal representative of the total liquid fuel flow is generated in response to the detected speed. During fuel transfer a liquid fuel valve is positioned to govern the detected liquid fuel flow according to a desired flow such that the power output that results when both the gas and liquid fuels flow to the combustor is dependent upon the level of the fuel control signal and independent of the relative levels of the gas and liquid fuel flows. Undesirable power output disturbances that typically occur during fuel transfer due to nonlinearities of fuel system components are reduced.

Combined cycle electric power plant and a gas turbine having improved outlet temperature limit control

Abstract: A combined cycle electric power plant includes gas and steam turbines and steam generators and a digital/analog control system. A backup control is included for each of the gas turbines with an outlet or preferably blade path temperature limit control which prevents the operator from causing the turbine to operate above a temperature limit reference. The temperature limit control further restricts the rate at which the operator can move the gas turbine operating or load level toward the temperature limit value. When the turbine is operating at a load below the temperature limit value, the operator can freely move the fuel reference until the blade path temperature approaches the temperature limit value.

Fuel injection apparatus for automotive vehicles using gas turbine power plants

Abstract: In a fuel injection apparatus particularly adapted to be associated with a gas turbine constituting the power plant of an automotive vehicle, there is provided an electromagnetically operated fuel metering valve, the fuel quantity control member of which is directly connected with the armature of an electromagnet supplied with electric current as a function of independent (arbitrary) and dependent operational variables.

Ocean thermal difference power-plant design

Abstract: The preliminary design of a closed Rankine-cycle power system using the ocean temperature difference as an energy source is discussed. A thermal-cycle analysis, with ammonia and propane as the candidate working fluids, and hull design factors for the system are presented. Graphical and tabular results, which illustrate the importance of various cycle and design parameters, are included, as well as the outline of the digital-computer-based complete thermal-cycle analytical model, which has been used in the design of ocean-based hull configurations to contain the thermal-cycle components and auxiliary systems for powerplants of at least 400 Mw output.

Power Plants with Air-Cooled Condensing Systems

Abstract: There is an urgent interest today in controlling the environmental pollution that is a by-product of electric power generation. Thermal pollution--the rejection of waste heat into rivers and coastal waters used to cool both fossil-fuel and nuclear power systems--is a form of ecological disruption that can be reduced through the use of air-cooled condensing systems. Moreover, plants making use of this method need not be located adjacent to large bodies of water, requiring in many cases that wide swaths be cut through forests to accommodate overhead transmission lines--such plants can be located nearer load areas. The technology for building air-cooled condensing systems is now available and is thoroughly reviewed in this book. It is mainly economic considerations that have prevented their coming into wider use; it has been the belief that the benefits of these systems could be obtained only by paying the price of high capital costs and increased fuel consumption.One of the most important aspects of this book is that it demonstrates that this need not be the case. The author does not treat air-cooled condensers piecemeal, as isolated units meant to be simply plugged into power plants designed along traditional lines. Instead, he examines power plants from a systems planning point of view, and air-cooled equipment is included from the outset of design as an integral component of the system. As a result, he suggests that such plants--properly designed for a specific sector of the power generation spectrum (the so-called midrange and cycling sectors) with power cycle arrangements carefully assessed, and with plant optimization procedures in effect--can offer overall economies.The various chapters take up the following topics: extended surface heat exchangers--the direct system--the indirect (Heller) system--mechanical draft and hyperbolic towers--the spray condenser--deaeration and water chemistry--thermal cycle arrangements--general plant optimization--power plant for peaking/cycling--nuclear power plants rejecting heat to air--special fluid power plants--system planning considerations.The book is included in the series Monographs in Modern Electrical Technology, edited by Alexander Kusko.

Load control system especially adapted for a HTGR power plant turbine

Abstract: The stages of a turbine system are independently controlled to produce a desired system power output by monitoring and comparing the power characteristics of each stage to the desired power output. Flow through each of the stages is adjusted until the desired power output is generated, while any flow that is passing through bypass lines about each of the turbine stages is varied inversely to the variations in the flow through the turbine stages. Non-linearities occurring in the system are offset by appropriate modification of the control of each stage and by comparison of the power output of the system with the power requirements to direct continuing control until the power requirements are met.

Wind energy developments in the 20th century

Abstract: Wind turbine systems of the past are reviewed and wind energy is reexamined as a future source of power Various phases and objectives of the Wind Energy Program are discussed Conclusions indicate that wind generated energy must be considered economically competitive with other power production methods

Power plant for a crawler vehicle

Abstract: The power plant of a crawler vehicle is a gas turbine having at least two turbine rotors interconnected by a variable transmission. One of the rotors is primarily intended for driving the tracks while the other rotor is intended primarily for auxiliary purposes, i.e. steering, operating the working tool and so forth, the variable transmission providing a way of transferring power from any of the rotors to the other, as operating conditions require.

Pressure propellant generating system

Abstract: A pressure propellant generating system for a power plant in a submarine vehicle, said propellant including a sea water component, the pressure of which can be regulated so as to vary the output of the power plant in a controlled manner.