Showing papers on "Prallethrin published in 2013"
TL;DR: Prallethrin caused oxidative damage and liver injury in male rat and co-administration of EO attenuated the toxic effect of prallethrin, demonstrating that administration of Eo may be useful, easy, and economical to protect human against pyrethroids toxic effects.
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the adverse effects of exposure to prallethrin on oxidant/antioxidant status and liver dysfunction biomarkers and the protective role of Origanum majorana essential oil (EO) in rat. Male rats were divided into 4 groups: (i) received only olive oil (ii) treated with 64.0 mg/kg body weight prallethrin (1/10 LD50) in olive oil via oral route daily for 28 days, (iii) treated with 64.0 mg/kg body weight prallethrin (1/10 LD50) and EO (160 μL/kg b.wt.) in olive oil and (iv) received EO (160 μL/kg b.wt.) in olive oil via oral route twice daily for 28 days. Prallethrin treatment caused decrease in body weight gain and increase in relative liver weight. There was a significant increase in the activity of serum marker enzymes, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. It caused increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase in liver. Consistent histological changes were found in the liver of prallethrin treatment. EO showed significant protection with the depletion of serum marker enzymes and replenishment of antioxidant status and brought all the values to near normal, indicating the protective effect of EO. We can conclude that prallethrin caused oxidative damage and liver injury in male rat and co-administration of EO attenuated the toxic effect of prallethrin. These results demonstrate that administration of EO may be useful, easy, and economical to protect human against pyrethroids toxic effects.
63 citations
Patent•
13 Dec 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, an electric heated liquid mosquito-repellent incense, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 to 2% of effective mosquito repepellent substance, 20 to 70% of solvent, 10 to 20% of synergists, and 5 to 15% of surfactant.
Abstract: The invention discloses an electric heated liquid mosquito-repellent incense, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 to 2% of effective mosquito-repellent substance, 20 to 70% of solvent, 10 to 20% of synergists, and 5 to 15% of surfactant. The formula of the electric heated liquid mosquito-repellent incense has been improved, wherein the mosquito repelling efficiency of dimefluthrin is far higher than that of prallethrin with a same amount, ethanol is taken as the solvent and is cheap, and butyl butyrate is taken as the solvent and has a good effect. Furthermore, synergists are added; eucalyptus oil contains a camphor fragrance, is a natural extract, is harmless to human body and can interfere the mosquitoes in scent; and isopropyl myristate can promote the penetration and dissolution. The electric heated liquid mosquito-repellent incense has the advantages of high-quality components, high safety performance, and ideal mosquito repelling effect.
20 citations
TL;DR: A case of poisoning with prallethrin, a pyrethroid compound, commonly available as All-Out is presented and its symptoms overlap with those of other compounds, which can lead to misdiagnosis.
Abstract: Pyrethroid insecticides are very widely used in agriculture and household due to their high effectiveness and low toxicity in humans. Despite their extensive worldwide use, there are a few reports of human pyrethroid poisoning. The poisoning has a varied presentation and its symptoms overlap with those of other compounds, which can lead to misdiagnosis. We present a case of poisoning with prallethrin, a pyrethroid compound, commonly available as All-Out.
15 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that prallethrin at dose 64.0 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) has a clastogenic/genotoxic potential as shown by the high percentage of chromosomal aberration and micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of male rats, whereas the combined treatment of prallehrin and O. majorana EO resulted in the reduction of the CA.
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of prallethrin in rat bone marrow cells and the protective effect of Origanum majorana L essential oil (EO) Our results demonstrated that prallethrin at dose 640 mg/kg body weight (bwt) (1/10 LD50), has a clastogenic/genotoxic potential as shown by the high percentage of chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) in the bone marrow cells of male rats, whereas the combined treatment of prallethrin and O majorana EO resulted in the reduction of the CA (5454%) The combined treatment also reduced the micronuclei formation significantly In conclusion, prallethrin can be considered clastogenic/genotoxic and may carry a risk to human health The study revealed the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic potential of O majorana EO against prallethrin-induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in rat bone marrow cells
14 citations
TL;DR: The open-field studies against caged Ae.
Abstract: We conducted an open-field ultra-low volume efficacy bioassay using a water-based formulation AquaDuet™ (prallethrin [1%], sumithrin [5%], and piperonly butoxide [5%]) applied from a truck-mounted cold aerosol sprayer. The adulticide was applied at 90.6 ml/ha (1.23 oz/acre) and 3 replicated treatments were performed using caged Aedes albopictus collected from local wild populations. Rotating impingers and mosquito cages were placed in 3 rows stationed at 30.5 m (100 ft), 61.0 (200 ft), and 91.4 (300 ft) downwind of the spray vehicle. Initial knockdown was 95.6%, with overall mortality >99% across all distances, despite low wind conditions. Volume median diameter (Dv0.5) and droplet density were 17.4 µm and 110.5 mm2, respectively. Our open-field studies against caged Ae. albopictus demonstrate that a water-based adulticide formulation is just as efficacious as traditional oil-based formulations.
13 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that pyrethroid group of insecticide may cause hematological, biochemical, cytokine disturbances and possible mutagenic damage to the tissues.
Abstract: Context: High malaria burden has led to the increased use of insecticides in the tropics and subtropics. This study thus aimed at assessing the hematological effects alteration of pyrethroid insecticide exposure using the experimental animal model.Objective: A commonly available Electric Mosquito-Repellent Liquid pyrethroid insecticide containing prallethrin 1.6% w/w is widely used for mosquito control in Saudi Arabia. The immunotoxic effects after inhalation exposures to the preparation for a continuous period of 24, 48, and 72 h were investigated in rats.Methods and materials: Rats were exposed to prallethrin 1.6% w/w by inhalation for 72 consecutive hours. Total blood count, blood indices of creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factors (TNF)α, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19.9 and carcinoembrionic antigen (CEA) were assayed.Results: The administrat...
11 citations
TL;DR: Pesticide exposure increased flying in both species and DUET and sumithrin treatments enhanced activity of Ae.
Abstract: Ultralow volume droplets of DUET, prallethrin, and sumithrin at a sublethal dose were applied to unfed (nonbloodfed) and bloodfed female Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in a wind tunnel. Control spray droplets only contained inert ingredients. Individual mosquitoes were videotaped before, during, and after spraying and various behaviors analyzed. During the spray periods of all three pesticide treatments, mosquitoes spent a greater percentage of time moving, and the distance moved was greater than for mosquitoes in the control treatments. In the postspray period, the percent of time moving increased for mosquitoes exposed to all pesticide treatments compared with the controls. After treatment, all females spent more time walking compared with controls, with unfed Ae. aegypti females walking more after exposure to DUET and sumithrin than after exposure to prallethrin and the control. Pesticide exposure increased flying in both species. Sumithrin exposure increased activity and velocity of unfed mosquitoes more than bloodfed mosquitoes. DUET and sumithrin treatments enhanced activity of Ae. aegypti females more than Ae. albopictus females.
7 citations
Patent•
13 Nov 2013
TL;DR: The cockroach-killing insecticide has the advantages of scientific and reasonable composition design, easily available raw materials, suitability for the killing of cockroaches, low cost, good effect and the like as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The invention provides a cockroach-killing insecticide. The cockroach-killing insecticide is characterized by being prepared by mixing 8-12 parts by weight of tetramethrin, 3-5 parts by weight of biological prallethrin, 0.2-0.5 parts by weight of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxymethyl benzyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichloroethylene radical)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate ester, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of benzethazet acetofenate, 1000 parts of 95% alcohol and 5000-6000 parts by weight of water. The cockroach-killing insecticide has the advantages of scientific and reasonable composition design, easily available raw materials, suitability for the killing of cockroaches, low cost, good effect and the like.
2 citations
Patent•
20 Nov 2013
TL;DR: The biological Prallethrin domestic pesticide is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of biological prallethrin, 1-3 parts of tetramethrin, 0.1-0.5 part of meperfluthrin,0.1 -0.4 part of plifenate, 10000 parts of 95% ethanol and 5000-6000 parts of water as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The invention relates to a biological prallethrin domestic pesticide. The biological Prallethrin domestic pesticide is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of biological prallethrin, 1-3 parts of tetramethrin, 0.1-0.5 part of meperfluthrin, 0.1-0.5 part of plifenate, 10000 parts of 95% ethanol and 5000-6000 parts of water. The biological prallethrin domestic pesticide has the advantages that the formula design is scientific and reasonable, the raw materials are easily available, the cost is low, the effect is good, and the like.
1 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Neurohistological examination showed that inhalation of Prallethrin based MR can damage the grey and white matter of spinal cord, so prolonged exposure to the prallethrin vapours are neurotoxic and one should be cautious, while using.
Abstract: The Prallethrin is a synthetic form of natural Pyrethrin and due to their highly insecticidal properties has achieved widespread agricultural and environmental health applications. This is commonly used as mosquito repellent in most houses throughout the year, during night. Exposing the adults and children to its vapour.Adult male Charles Foster rats were exposed to 3.2%w/v of prallethrin for 12hrs daily for a period of 90 days. Neurohistological examination showed that inhalation of Prallethrin based MR can damage the grey and white matter of spinal cord.Hence it was concluded that prolonged exposure to the prallethrin vapours are neurotoxic and one should be cautious,while using.
1 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present investigation involving a limited number of human subjects indicates the onset of both protective changes as well as derangement in metabolism, and shows that chronic exposure to prallethrin increases a slight DNA damage.
Abstract: Article history Cytogenetic damage associated with prallethrin based mosquito repellent use was analyzed by micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (NA) in South Indian human volunteers. The mean MN frequency of exposed subjects showed a significant difference when compared with controls (p<0.05). The presence of other NA such as binucleated cells (BNC), karyorrhexis (KRC) and karyolysis (KLC) were found to be notably higher in exposed individuals (p<0.05). These results show that chronic exposure to prallethrin increases a slight DNA damage. Though the present investigation involving a limited number of human subjects indicates the onset of both protective changes as well as derangement in metabolism, a detailed and rigorous study is greatly warranted to arrive at a definite conclusion about any toxic effects of prallethrin based mosquito repellents.
Patent•
06 Nov 2013
TL;DR: The fluorine chlorine ether pyrethroid smoking paper for the mosquito control has the advantages of being scientific and reasonable in compound design, easy to obtain raw materials, low in cost, good in effect and the like as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The invention discloses fluorine chlorine ether pyrethroid smoking paper for mosquito control. The fluorine chlorine ether pyrethroid smoking paper for the mosquito control is formed by 15 to 25 parts of sodium nitrate, 40 to 60 parts of water, 25 to 35 parts of acetone, 5 to 10 parts of essence, 5 to 10 parts of fluorine chlorine ether pyrethroid, 13 to 15 parts of biological prallethrin and 1000 parts of pulp boards. The fluorine chlorine ether pyrethroid smoking paper for the mosquito control has the advantages of being scientific and reasonable in compound design, easy to obtain raw materials, low in cost, good in effect and the like.