Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1984"
TL;DR: The nutritional advantages of LG rapeseed meal, over the older type HG meal, are clearly evident from the feeding trials, and the effects of converting to LG rapeeed meal are presented.
Abstract: The composition of rapeseed meal and hulls is reviewed with emphasis on components of nutritional interest Carbohydrates in rapeseed meal are mainly pectins, pentosans and cellulose and comprise nearly one-half the gross energy The digestibility of energy is lower for rapeseed than for soybean meal Protein is well digested, but the protein digestion coefficient and the availability of amino acids are lower than for soybean meal Data on digestible and metabolizable energy are summarized The kinds of glucosinolates present in high (HG) and low (LG) glucosinolate rapeseed meal and the nature of their hydrolytic products are discussed The toxic effects of oxazolidinethione , isothiocyanates, thiocyanates and nitriles, and their relationship to their parent glucosinolates , to myrosinase action and to conditions during rapeseed processing are reviewed briefly The effects of glucosinolates in animal tissues and products and the effects of converting to LG rapeseed meal are presented Finally, a brief review is given of the responses of swine and cattle to the feeding of HG and LG rapeseed meal The nutritional advantages of LG rapeseed meal, over the older type HG meal, are clearly evident from the feeding trials
323 citations
TL;DR: Complete resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of blackleg of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), was transferred from B. juncea to B. napus through an interspecific cross and resulted in highly vigorous carly generation selections adapted to cold, wet situations along with complete resistance to blackleg.
Abstract: Complete resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of blackleg of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), was transferred from B. juncea to B. napus through an interspecific cross. B. juncea-type complete resistance (JR) was recognized first in one F3 progeny (OnapJR) by the absence of leaf-lesions on seedlings and canker-free adult plants. The commercially important characters of B. napus were retained in advanced lines of OnapJR, which combined JR with low erucic acid levels (<0.5%), high seed yield and variable maturity dates.
132 citations
TL;DR: The predicted metabolisable energy (ME) value of commercial rapeseed or canola meal for poultry was found to be numerically close to the determined value when the available carbohydrate value was reduced to 35% of the observed value.
Abstract: Cotyledons from 11 varieties of rapeseed and canola seed were extracted with hexane and analysed for tannins, α-amylase inhibition value, starch and available carbohydrate by conventional methods. The sinapine content (total sinapic acid esters plus free sinapic acid) was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Samples of soya bean cotyledons, high-tannin sorghum grain and commercial rapeseed and canola meals were also analysed for comparison. Sinapine in rapeseed and canola cotyledons was measured at mean levels of 2.67 and 2.85% respectively. Tannins were detected in these cotyledons but only at low levels. The α-amylase inhibition values were also low or negative. Starch was detected in negligible amounts, and available carbohydrate at 13–14%. The predicted metabolisable energy (ME) value of commercial rapeseed or canola meal for poultry was found to be numerically close to the determined value when the available carbohydrate value was reduced to 35% of the observed value.
75 citations
TL;DR: OAC Triton is the first licensed, triazine-resistant spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) that produces seed low in erucic acid and glucosinolate content and is expected to be used where rapeseed production is restricted or inhibited by serious cruciferous weed infestations.
Abstract: OAC Triton is the first licensed, triazine-resistant spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). It produces seed low in erucic acid and glucosinolate content. Yield levels have averaged approximately 80% of Regent and oil content has averaged 2.4% less than Regent. OAC Triton is expected to be used where rapeseed production is restricted or inhibited by serious cruciferous weed infestations, other triazine-susceptible weed problems, or by atrazine herbicide residues.Key words: Rapeseed, triazine-resistant, Brassica napus L., canola, cultivar description
42 citations
TL;DR: Levels of total glucosinolates were determined in the seed of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., cultivar ‘Tower’, based on field trials established to evaluate the effect of disulfoton on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae.
Abstract: Levels of total glucosinolates (compounds known to reduce the nutritive value of rapeseed meal) were determined in the seed of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., cultivar ‘Tower’. Results are based on field trials established to evaluate the effect of disulfoton on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). Seed from rape plants grown in the glasshouse, with and without aphids, was also examined for total glucosinolate. In the field trials disulfoton had no consistent effect on total glucosinolate in the absence of aphids. When aphid infestation was severe, total glucosinolate levels for 2 sowing dates were 32 and 46 μmole/g in seed from infested rape, compared with 27 and 21 μmole/g in seed from rape having fewer aphids following disulfoton treatment. In the glasshouse trials, seed from plants without aphids contained 24 μ mole glucosinolate/g, whereas seed from plants infested with aphids for 10 days at pre- to early flowering, at full to late flower, or at post-flowering, contained 43, 40, a...
30 citations
TL;DR: Five genotypes of rapeseed were observed in the field on a single plant and plot basis to evaluate growth characteristics, yield, yield components and seed quality, indicating that an early maturity and high seed yield should be possible.
Abstract: Five genotypes of rapeseed were observed in the field on a single plant and plot basis to evaluate growth characteristics, yield, yield components and seed quality. Observations were made in two years at two locations on three seeding date and three seeding rate treatments. Correlation of seed yield with growth characters demonstrated no consistent trend, indicating that an early maturity and high seed yield should be possible. Harvest index was strongly correlated with seed yield. Percent seed oil and protein were not directly related to seed yield.
20 citations
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TL;DR: World production of rapeseed and mustard seed has also expanded over the last decade, and the combined crop now lies fifth in oil‐bearing seed production and ranks fourth in the world supply of edible vegetable oils after soyabean, palm and sunflower oils.
Abstract: Rapeseed is the only oilseed crop grown in the UK. This is now Britain's third largest arable crop with a total area of over 200 thousand hectares. Production of the seed has risen consistently and dramatically from 0.13 million tonnes in 1977 to 0.58 million tonnes in 1982. The dramatic rise in the crop is apparent from the wider spreading of golden yellow flower fields in our countryside during the spring. Last year, however, seed production was about 5% down due to a small decrease in yield of about 1 tonne/acre, on average. World production of rapeseed and mustard seed (related members of the Cruciferae family: B. campestris, B. napus and B. juncea) has also expanded over the last decade, and the combined crop now lies fifth in oil‐bearing seed production and ranks fourth in the world supply of edible vegetable oils after soyabean, palm and sunflower oils. As a result of EEC support for the crop, production of rapeseed in 1982 rose by 35% to 2.7 million tonnes in EEC countries.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Canola (low glucosinolate rapeseed) meal (CM) (Brassica campestris 'Candle') was heated to 105 °C at the desolventizing step (control) or treated with ammonia, steam or both, in addition to heat.
Abstract: Canola (low glucosinolate rapeseed) meal (CM) (Brassica campestris 'Candle') was heated to 105 °C at the desolventizing step (control) or treated with ammonia, steam or both, in addition to heat. These CMs and a commercial CM were incorporated into rat diets at levels providing lysine, the limiting amino acid, at 0.44%. Similar diets contained casein, lactalbumin or soybean meal. All diets were formulated to contain 1.28% nitrogen (air-dry basis). During a 2-wk growth period the feed/gain ratios were higher for rats fed ammoniated CM than for those fed steam-treated meal. Significant differences in gains and feed intakes were not detected. Plasma lysine concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in rats fed the ammoniated meals indicating decreased absorption of lysine. The performance by rats was generally in agreement with that by growing pigs as reported previously. While ammoniation is effective in reducing the glucosinolate concentrations of CM, this processing step has an adverse effect on the protein qua...
7 citations
TL;DR: Dairy cows on silage and hay-based diets were given a barley-oats concentrate mixture containing 13 % rapeseed feed in four different forms, and the rapeseed fat did not have any clear effect on the milk fat or milk protein contents, or on the iodine number or fatty acid composition of the milkfat.
Abstract: Dairy cows on silage and hay-based diets were given a barley-oats concentrate mixture containing 13 % rapeseed feed in four different forms: diet 1) rapeseed meal, 2) rapeseed meal + rapeseed oil, 3) rapeseed meal + crushed rapeseed and 4) protected fatty rapeseed meal. The fat content of the rapeseed feed was: diets 2 and 3, 7,1 % of dry matter; diet 4, 6.3 Wo; diet 1, 2.4 °7o. From the rapeseed the cows received only about 2 g digestible crude fat/kg 4 % FCM, the total fat supply on diets 2, 3 and 4 being 15 g digestible crude fat/kg 4 °/o FCM. At so low a level, the rapeseed fat did not have any clear effect on the milk fat or milk protein contents, or on the iodine number or fatty acid composition of the milk fat. The milk yield increased, however, when the diet contained rapseed feed.
3 citations
TL;DR: In tolerance experiments the yield of Candle rapeseed was not reduced with dicamba applied at rates up to 70 g/ha at the two-, four- or six-leaf stages, but yields were reduced at higher rates.
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted over a number of years to determine the effectiveness for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) control and tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L.) to various rates of dicamba (0–140 g/ha) and picloram (0–110 g/ha). Dicamba at 70 g/ha and picloram at 20 g/ha provided about 60% and 50%, respectively, reduction in the dry weight of shoots of Canada thistle growing in Candle rapeseed. This degree of suppression did not result in increases in rapeseed yield over the untreated check. Flower formation in Canada thistle was prevented by all rates of dicamba and picloram tested. In tolerance experiments the yield of Candle rapeseed was not reduced with dicamba applied at rates up to 70 g/ha at the two-, four- or six-leaf stages, but yields were reduced at higher rates. Picloram applied at rates up to 70 g/ha did not reduce the yield of Candle rapeseed. Altex yields were reduced with 40 g/ha and higher rates and Regent yields were reduced with pic...
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, an experiment was conducted to investigate the change of fatty acid composition affected by ferlilizer levels in upland and paddy field cultivation of rapeseed, which showed that the oil content with the fatty acid such as palmitic, linoleic and linolenic was increased in the winter crop on drained paddy fields compared with those of upland field in which oleic and stearic fatty acid was increased.
Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the oil content, change of fatty acid composition affected by ferlilizer levels in upland and paddy field cultivation of rapeseed, The oil content with the fatty acid such as palmitic, linoleic and linolenic was increased in the winter crop on drained paddy field compared with those of upland field in which oleic and stearic fatty acid was increased. Unsaturated, good quality fatty acid content such as oleic and linoleic acid in the cultivation of upland field was higher by 2-5% than those of paddy field. Oleic and linoleic fatty acid contents showed increased with increment of nitrogen fertilizer up to 15kg/10a, and showed same trend until 80kg/ha fertilization level of phosphate and potassium in upland field but there was no effect in paddy field cultivation,
TL;DR: A study was made of the variation in the fatty acid composition of the oil in the developing seed of the ‘Rafal’ cultivar of the Brassica napus L. cultivated in central Italy.
Abstract: A study was made of the variation in the fatty acid composition of the oil in the developing seed of the ‘Rafal’ cultivar of theBrassica napus L. cultivated in central Italy. The oil content reaches its maximum level 60 days after the petals fall. The increase in the percentage of oleic acid is negatively correlated with the palmitic, stearic and linoleic acid content.