Showing papers on "Rapid eye movement sleep published in 1973"

Effects of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation on the Performance of Rats in a T-Maze

Abstract: The effects of REM sleep deprivation on the performance of rats in a T-maze were measured. Amount of REM deprivation showed a significant inverse effect on latency but did not have a significant effect on accuracy. These data tend to support the contention that REM deprivation increases generalized drive.

Sleep-waking patterns and brain biogenic amine levels in cats after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine into the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum.

Abstract: Results from lesion and pharmacological experiments have implicated brainstem monoaminergic systems in the regulation of sleep-waking behavior. The serotonin-rich neurons of the raphe complex function mainly in the genesis of slow-wave sleep (SWS) while the catecholamine-rich neurons of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum (locus coeruleus) appear to function in the maintenance of cortical desynchronization of wakefulness and in the expression of various tonic and phasic components of rapid eye movement sleep (REM). 6-Hydroxydopamine, an analogue of dopamine, which rather selectively destroys catecholaminergic neurons, was injected into the catecholamine-rich dorsolateral pontine tegmentum of cats in order to evaluate the role of catecholamines in sleep-waking behavior. Five weeks after injection, the animals were sacrificed and regional brain levels of norepinephrine and serotonin were determined in order to assess the effects of this treatment on monoamine metabolism. The acute affect of the treatment was to increase total waking time at the expense of both SWS and REM sleep indicating an initial release of synaptically active norepinephrine. The chronic effect of the treatment was to increase the occurrence of SWS and to decrease REM sleep, an effect consistent with disruption of an ascending cortical activating mechanism of REM sleep or disinhibition of a SWS mechanism. This was accompanied by a selective and highly reliable reduction in cortical and hippocampal levels of norepinephrine. However, coincident decreases in forebrain levels of serotonin and norepinephrine preclude a definitive conclusion regarding the relative contribution of catecholamine and indoleamine mechanisms in the maintenance of sleep-waking patterns after intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine.

Selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) by fusaric acid, an inhibitor of dopamine- -oxidase.

Abstract: L'administration d'acide fusarique, un inhibiteur de la dopamine-β-oxidase, a supprime electivement le sommeil REM, sans influence significative sur le sommeil lent. Le role de noradrenaline dans le mecanisme central du sommeil REM est discute.

Absence of nystagmus during REM sleep in a patient with waking nystagmus and oscillopsia

Abstract: Polygraphic recording is presented of the sleep pattern in a young male who developed nystagmus and oscillopsia associated with a remittent CNS demyelinating disease. The vestibular nystagmus observed during wakefulness disappeared during all stages of sleep, including rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Since vestibular nystagmus experimentally induced in wakefulness is also absent during all phases of sleep, these findings suggest that during sleep similar suppressive mechanisms are operative.

The Effects of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep on Retention

Abstract: The literature concerning the relationship of rapid eye movement sleep to cognitive activity in general and retention in particular is reviewed. Evidence from studies using animals and humans as Ss is included. No firm conclusions can be reached because of the lack of research in some aspects of the problems and because of methodological inadequacies in much of the research, but con-siderable evidence is at least consistent with the idea that rapid eye movement sleep is involved in long-term retention. A state-dependent learning hypothesis which accounts for some of the results is considered. Suggestions for future work in this area are included.

Detection of REM, 1 Sleep Stage and Eye Movement from Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate.

Abstract: : Interest in using sleep stage patterns to determine the amount and quality of a pilot or astronaut's sleep has led to a series of Air Force sponsored studied. The ultimate goal of these studies is to be able to determine sleep stage from beat-by-beat heart rate data along (not using the EEG). Work performed at the University of Texas by Welch, et al, and Aldredge et al, has indicated that stage REM (rapid eye movement sleep) is refractory to detection by techniques which perform satisfactorily on the other sleep stages. In addition, the Welch algorithm performs more effectively when the times of occurrence of stage REM (or combined stages REM and 1) are already known. The purpose of this phase of study is to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of rapid eye movements can be detected by concurrent transient oscillations in the heart rate. A knowledge of REM occurrences would then greatly simplify recognition of the REM sleep stage. Alternatively, direct recognition of stage REM, 1 (stage REM + stage 1) sleep may be possible by spectral analysis of heart rate. Both possibilities are investigated. (Modified author abstract)