Showing papers on "Reciprocal published in 1991"

Integer division using reciprocals

Abstract: By using a reciprocal approximation, integer division can be synthesized from a multiply followed by a shift. Without carefully selecting the reciprocal, however, the quotient obtained often suffers from off-by-one errors, requiring a correction step. The author describes the design decisions made when designing integer division for a new 64-b machine. The result is a fast and economical scheme for computing both unsigned and signed integer quotients which guarantees an exact answer without any correction. The reciprocal computation is fast enough, with one table lookup and five multiplies, so that this scheme is competitive with a dedicated divider, while requiring much less hardware specific to division. The real strength of the proposed method is division by a constant, which takes only a single multiply and shift, one operation on the machine considered. The analysis shows that the computed quotient is always exact: no adjustment or correction is necessary. >

Reciprocal Accommodation: A Model for Reducing Gender Bias in Managerial Communication

Abstract: Because the intricacy of language suggests that it both creates and reflects women's roles in society, reciprocal accommodation may be the best way for women to achieve influential positions in man...

Some new smoother implementations for discrete-time gaussian reciprocal processes

Abstract: The smoothing problem for discrete-time gaussian reciprocal processes is examined. For this class of process, the smoother takes the form of a second-order two-point boundary-value nearest-neighbour model. This smoother is non-causal, but admits causal implementations which extend the two-filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoothing formulae of Gauss-Markov processes. A multi-rate implementation based on a block cyclic reduction method is also described.

First-order theory of symmetrical reciprocal lossless six-port

Abstract: The authors present the derivation of the relationships existing between the various scattering coefficients of a symmetrical reciprocal lossless six-port. Only small departures of the scattering-coefficient values from the ideal design specifications of zero mismatch, zero coupling between certain ports, and equal coupling amongst the other ports are considered. >

A reciprocal relation between Einstein-Fokker-Planck equation solutions

Abstract: A reciprocal relation is found between nonstationary solutions of the Einstein-Fokker-Planck equation describing the evolution of the probability density in the direct and reverse directions along the spatial coordinate. Cases when the diffusion coefficient is constant or variable along the coordinate are separately considered.

Characterization and Classification of Gaussian Second Order Reciprocal Processes

Abstract: Continuous time second order reciprocal processes were introduced in 1979 by R. N. Miroshin [6]. A mean square differentiable process x(t) is second order reciprocal if the process constructed stacking in a vector x(t) and its mean square derivative x’(t) has the reciprocal property. In this paper we show that, under suitable assumptions, one can characterize Gaussian second order reciprocal processes in terms of fourth order linear stochastic differential equations driven by locally correlated noise and with boundary value conditions. Then, we use this characterization to repeat the classification of Gaussian, scalar, stationary second order reciprocal processes already done by Carmichael, Masse’ and Theodorescu [2].

Reciprocity in Spanish: Two Puzzles of Scope

Abstract: Sentence (2a) is ambiguous between broad and narrow scope interpretations. Thus, (2a) can either mean 'John thinks he looks like Mary, and Mary thinks that she looks like John' (the broad reading) or 'John and Mary think they (John and Mary) look like each other' (the narrow reading). In contrast, (2b) can only be construed with narrow scope. For HLMa the ambiguity of (2a) receives an explanation in terms of the morphological complexity of the reciprocal expression each other. Specifically, the quantificational distribution element each is adjoined to an antecedent, which is then subject to QR via the rule move -a at logical form (see May 1977, 1985). Put simply, this allows for different scope interpretations, depending on how far up the phrase marker each is moved. In contrast, the morphologically simplex alike contains no detachable distribution element, and, as a result, only the narrow scope reading is available. Of interest here is the fact that HLMa base their argument on the distinction between reciprocal meaning that is incorporated within a morphologically simplex versus a morphologically complex item. In support of this claim, they offer the following minimal pair of sentences from Italian (attributed to Luigi Rizzi):2