Showing papers on "Reciprocal determinism published in 2011"

The Relationship between the Elementary Teacher Candidates' Teacher Efficacy and Their Attidutes towards the Profession of Teaching

Abstract: Introduction The concept of self-efficacy is within self-concept in terms of meaning Self-concept is the sum of one's self perception (Schunk, 2000: 344), the way the one's perception of his own essence In other words, it means the positive and negative perception that one' has developed for his skills and other characteristics In this direction, it could be stated that within the self-concept components such as self-efficacy, self-respect and self-confidence exist (Lee, 2005: 490) Self-efficacy which evolves from self-concept consists of one's beliefs and judgment regarding the planning and arranging of the required actions when encountered with a probable situation and how well he manages and realizes these The most important characteristic of these beliefs is that they could be improved with experiences which increase specifically (Lee, 2005: 490) The belief of self-efficacy is based on the Social Learning Theory of Bandura (1977) also named as Social Cognitive Theory in 1986 Bandura (1989: 1175) defines self-efficacy as human beings' thoughts about their efficacy of controlling the events which affect their own lives In other words, self-efficacy is the individual's organizing the necessary actions in order to manage probable situations and his beliefs about the skill of realizing these actions (Bandura, 1997: 2) Individuals with a strong belief of self-efficacy do not escape from the livings they encounter and struggle, and act in a quite consistent manner in order to fulfill the action they have planned (Bandura, 1997: 2) According to Bandura, the beliefs of self-efficacy have four basic sources These are direct experiences, indirect experiences, oral persuasion and the individual's physiological and psychological conditions Among these four sources which are constantly in interaction with each other; direct experiences means, 'one's success in any case is the sign of the success in other cases' Indirect experiences mean, 'the observation of other people's performances and successes, and result in the expectation of being successful in similar cases' Oral persuasion means, 'the motivation regarding that a case could be overcome easily encourages the individual for that performance, and causes changes in the self-efficacy' Physiological and psychological conditions mean, 'the individual's feeling physiologically and emotionally good at the time of the action increases the probability of taking action' (Bandura, 1982: 126-127; Bandura, 1994: 72-73; Bandura, 1989:1179) The most influential source among these four sources explained above is the direct experiences as it is in learning by doing and firsthand experience processes (Bandura, 1994: 72) The self-efficacy that an individual has for a situation influences his goals, his effort to reach the goal, his patience and reactions under a negative circumstance (Askar and Umay, 2001: 1) In the field of education, the studies conducted about self-efficacy are collected under three main titles: 1 The effects of students' self-efficacy belief on academic success, performance and motivational states 2 The relationship between choosing school and job and individuals self-efficacy belief especially in the fields of science and mathematics 3 The relationship between teachers' self-efficacy belief, the practices during the teaching process and different student products (Pajares, 1997: 1) Self-efficacy belief, which is among the other important features, affects both the process of choosing teaching as a profession and all the variables that has been planned and applied after becoming a teacher With another approach, teachers' practicing the necessary efficacy that the teaching profession requires is closely related to having a good education as well as their belief regarding performing these duties and responsibilities (Yilmaz, Koseoglu, Gercek and Soran, 2004) …

Self-Reported Internet Child Pornography Consumers: A Personality Assessment Using Bandura’s Theory of Reciprocal Determinism

Abstract: In addition, from a sociocultural perspective, the increase in child pornography consumption may be a direct result of the delicate relationship among legislature, the Internet, and the Internet users’ personality. According to Bandura (1977), the theory of reciprocal determinism states that behavioral, psychological and cognitive, and environmental factors all intermingle and exert bidirectional in´uences on human nature (see Figure 5.1). In other words, the factors are constantly interacting and aŠecting one another in multiple directions, and the strength or direction of the in´uence of each factor depends on the context of each situation (Bandura, 1977, 1994).

What motivates females to participate in collegiate level sports

Abstract: Despite the many health benefits, physical activity trends in females have been previously reported to be lower than males. The purpose of this study is to explore the motivational influences that engage college females to participate in sports. This was a cross sectional, causal-comparative survey study that included mixed methods of data collection. 82 female college athletes from two postsecondary institutions responded to a 35 item Modified Sports Motivation Survey and 7 participants volunteered to be in a focus group discussion. Motivational factors examined were fitness, skill/mastery, fun/excitement, affiliation/recognition, team factors, ego/competition, parental support, and external rewards. Quantitative analysis revealed that all components were important to participants with fitness, fun/excitement, and ego/competition being the most important. Qualitative analysis supported the survey responses and revealed two new motivational influences, success and independence/responsibility. Findings were justified through social-ecological perspective, self-determination theory, and reciprocal determinism. This research represented one of the most comprehensive to date studies to look into the multifaceted and complex interactions of motivational factors that influence collegiate sports participation, yet future research regarding this topic is needed to better understand the adherence to physical activity into adulthood.