Showing papers on "Reflective array antenna published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , a dual-polarized phased array antenna with wide-angle scanning capability is presented. And the proposed method can also optimize the array unit size and achieve a small inter-unit distance for wide-angles scanning capability.
Abstract: A dual-polarized phased array antenna is presented with wide-angle scanning capability in this paper. To improve the mutual coupling in the array, a current cancellation method (CCM) is proposed by changing the current distribution on the excited unit to induce a pair of the canceled currents on the adjacent unit. Meanwhile, this current distribution broadens the beam-width of the unit in the array. Besides, the proposed method can also optimize the array unit size and achieve a small inter-unit distance for wide-angle scanning capability. A low-profile dual-polarization antenna operating in the bandwidth from 4.4 GHz to 5.0 GHz is designed as a linear array and a planar array to verify the proposed method. Regardless of the linear array or planar array, the mutual coupling in the array is below -19 dB, which is better than that in conventional arrays. Meanwhile, the antenna unit in the array can radiate a wide-beam pattern. Two arrays can scan over ±60° for both polarizations. Within the scanning range, the realized gain reduction is less than 3 dB and the side-lobe level is lower than -7.5 dB. To verify the performance, two array antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. The experimental results agree well with the simulation.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel approach to sidelobe reduction in uniformly excited, equally-spaced linear arrays using the electronically displaced phase center antenna (E-DPCA) technique is presented for the first time.
Abstract: A novel approach to sidelobe reduction in uniformly-excited, equally-spaced linear arrays using the electronically displaced phase center antenna (E-DPCA) technique is presented for the first time. Antenna elements with the E-DPCA capability are employed in nine- and 21-element linear array antennas for the proof of concept. The element spacing of these physically periodic arrays is electronically tapered by displacing the phase center location, and thus the relative coordinates, of the base elements to reduce the sidelobe and minor lobe levels. Compared to the pre-existing synthesis techniques, the proposed technique provides not only comparable sidelobe reductions but also an additional capability of adaptively changing the array configuration to generate desired patterns without any physical means, while maintaining the same overall array length.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , two high gain array antennas for 24 GHz FMCW automotive radar were proposed, which have excellent performance over the 24 GHz ISM band, and the proposed array antennas are suitable for automotive radar applications.
Abstract: This article describes two high gain array antennas for 24 GHz FMCW automotive radar. The bandwidth of the antenna is improved by applying the slot-loaded technique. To further enhance the gain characteristics, series-fed and corporate-fed planar array antennas are developed, and their performance is studied. The measurement results show that the proposed array antennas have an excellent performance over the 24 GHz ISM band. The proposed array antennas are suitable for 24 GHz FMCW automotive radar applications.
6 citations
15 Jul 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , different techniques to realize low-cost beam-reconfigurable and multi-beam directional antennas are discussed, and the design concepts of active frequency selective surfaces, antennas with parasitic elements, lens antennas, and antennas with metasurfaces are presented to decrease the number of active antenna elements.
Abstract: This chapter discusses different techniques to realize low-cost beam-reconfigur-able and multi-beam directional antennas. Generally speaking, the cost of beam-reconfigurable high-directivity antennas can be reduced by addressing two of their main facets: decreasing the number of active antenna elements and avoiding the use of expensive RF components such as phase shifters. The design concepts of active frequency selective surfaces, antennas with parasitic elements, lens antennas, and antennas with metasurfaces are presented to decrease the number of active antenna elements. The design concepts of low-bit reflectarrays and transmitarrays, leaky-wave antennas, multi-beam antennas, tunable materials based array antennas, mechanical beam-steering antennas, and low-cost beamforming networks are presented to avoid the use of expensive phase shifters as essential components in array antennas. These different approaches and their specific techniques are discussed with examples and simulation or measurement results.
1 citations
26 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a specific array design method of 1.25 GHz phased array feed is presented, which can achieve three times the beam width of the telescope field of view at the working frequency.
Abstract: Phased array feed is a receiver technology that can make the radio telescope achieve continuous field of view coverage. Combined with the characteristics of reflector antenna, through focal field analysis and performance comparison under various designs, this paper presents the specific array design method of 1.25 GHz phased array feed. The final designed phased array feed can achieve three times the beam width of the telescope field of view at the working frequency of 1.25 GHz, the array size is 0.525m, the array element spacing is 0.437 times the wavelength, the array arrangement mode is hexagonal arrangement, and the final number of array elements is nineteen, of which the hexagonal subarray of 7 elements form one beam. Although the above array design parameters are not the optimal solution under the same conditions, the relevant steps can guide the array design of reflector antenna phased array feed, and also provide a reference for the later design of broadband and ultra wideband phased array feed array.
1 citations
20 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the microstrip linear array with proximity coupled microstrip feed and its radiation properties are reported, where six number of square shaped patch elements are placed and are excited by a series of patch strip elements.
Abstract: This paper presents the microstrip linear array with proximity coupled microstrip feed. This paper presents the design and analysis of a proximity coupled microstrip feed linear patch array and its radiation properties are reported. The prposed array with the feed structure is modeled and simulated in the method of moments based CST microwave studio software. The array is compact and is resonsnt at 28 GHz frequency which is used in 5G technologies (24.25 – 29.5 GHz)The array is compact and is resonsnt at 28 GHz frequency which is used in 5G technologies. There are six number of square shaped patch elements are placed and are excited by a series of patch strip elements. This antenna exhibits reflection coefficient of -23 dB and radiates broadside with maximum radiation perpendicular to the patch surface elements. This antenna gives return loss of 18dB and radiates broadside with maximum radiation perpendicular to the patch elements. The proposed array is used in jammer and MIMO radar applications.
01 Jan 2022
01 Nov 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide the basic information to the readers about the phased array antennas with their applications focused toward radar applications and their measurement and calibration techniques specifically for radar applications.
Abstract: Phased array antenna (PAA) systems have emerged as the state-of-the art technology providing a solution to almost all of the modern-day communication requirements like 5G mobile system, upcoming 6G mobile system, Massive MIMOs, focal plane arrays, radars, SatCom, driverless vehicles, weather monitoring, air traffic control, etc. Phased array antennas are system of systems comprising of smaller subsystems being integrated to realize the whole system. Thus, the design and development of these requires a meticulous approach taking care of the needs of the end user, performance of the whole system, system life cycle, and environmental eventualities during the design cycle. PAA involves various subsystems such as antenna array, transmit receive modules, beamformer architecture, power supplies, cooling systems, etc. PAAs are complicated and costly systems due to involved active circuitry and fabrication expenditures; however, with the advent of the cheaper and more efficient semiconductor technology, the system cost is manageable. Henceforth, the use of these is extended for commercial applications as well. This class of antenna systems require specialized measurement techniques for assessment of their operational capabilities. These are called as array calibration techniques.The chapter briefly discusses the phased array antennas, beamforming principles, system architecture for phased array antennas, and the various technologies involved and finally concludes by the measurement and calibration techniques specifically for radar applications. The chapter aims at providing the basic information to the readers about the phased array antennas with their applications focused toward radar applications.KeywordsPhased array antennasRadarTransmit receive moduleBeamformerAntenna
09 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel method to enhance the wide-angle scanning capability (WASC) of the array antenna is introduced, where can reduce the inter-element mutual coupling and broaden the beamwidth of the element in the array.
Abstract: A novel method to enhance the wide-angle scanning capability (WASC) of the array antenna is introduced in this letter, where can reduce the inter-element mutual coupling of the array and broaden the beam-width of the element in the array. Because of the bent metal plates, the horizontal and vertical currents are produced in the element of the array, which can extend the beam-width of the element in the array. Meanwhile, the decoupling function can be realized by the converse vertical currents from the adjacent antenna elements. Two 1×8 linear arrays are fabricated and tested to demonstrate the proposed method. The measured antenna performance accords with the simulated performance. The proposed array can scan the coverage of ±60° with a realized gain variation under 3 dB and lower side lobe level (SLL) under -7.9dB within the operating band from 4.5 to 5.0 GHz. Therefore, the proposed method has been demonstrated in the linear array and can be promoted to apply in the planar array for wireless communication systems, especially in the large coverage communication system.
31 Oct 2022
14 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the advantages and technical developments of active phased array antennas are introduced in the networking communication and radar imaging detection applications, including the key technologies involved in active phased arrays, such as microwave integrated circuit, hybrid heterogeneous integration, and integrated packaging, for the purpose of low profile antenna arrays.
Abstract: The advantages and technical developments of active phased array antennas will be introduced in the networking communication and radar imaging detection applications. The concept, technology, and some cutting-edge technical solutions of active phased array antennas will be presented, including the key technologies involved in active phased arrays, such as microwave integrated circuit, hybrid heterogeneous integration, and integrated packaging, for the purpose of low-profile antenna arrays. Some integrated antenna arrays will be shared and would provide a reference for the integration technology of active phased array antennas.
28 Apr 2022
TL;DR: This paper presents the design and analysis of antenna arrays of large scale, simple and more efficient with implementation of techniques by phased sub arrays to improve the analysis of array antennas with large scale.
Abstract: This paper gives an overview to design array antennas by using phased array antennas. Antenna arrays of large scale have a variety of applications which include massive MIMO applications for 5G technology. Using a Phased sub array it improves gain, directivity bandwidth of an antenna, performance of link reliability and data rate. It presents the design and analysis of antenna arrays of large scale. It is simple and more efficient with implementation of techniques by phased sub arrays to improve the analysis of array antennas with large scale [1]. Repeating small sub arrays multiple times, antenna arrays of large scale can be designed. Using MATLAB software, a sub array is designed for 2x2 (4 elements) and 4x4(16 elements) is analyzed with various parameters like bandwidth, gain and directivity. The results are analyzed with array elements, sidelobes, directivities and High-power bandwidth. Using these results design large array with sub phased array.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called the differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA), where the aperture lengths of each array element were taken as inputs to find the optimal side lobe level (SLL).
Abstract: Using electrically large antennas for array applications may cause grating lobes and this can change the array pattern. To achieve a low side lobe level for boresight pattern for linear or planar array antennas, in the literature it is seen that the common method is the use of feeding each antenna with some amplitude distribution and keeping the distance between the antennas less than a wavelength. However, in this study the distance between the antennas is chosen to be greater than a wavelength. Therefore, the common methods cannot be used. To achieve a low side lob level in the radiation pattern for an array of antennas composed of antennas with a distance greater than one wavelength. The aperture length of each antenna is chosen to be variable and an analytical solution method is used to calculate the amplitude of each aperture field of the horn antennas. Thus, the determination of unit horns' optimal aperture lengths Li can be considered a multivariable optimization problem. This challenging problem was achieved using a novel meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm called the differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA), where the aperture lengths of each array element are taken as inputs to find the optimal side lobe level (SLL). Based on the obtained solutions, a 4 × 1 horn array antenna design alongside its feed network was designed for Ku‐band applications. The design of the array is simulated in CST simulation software, and the obtained simulated results had been compared with experimental results and counterpart designs in the literature.
11 Oct 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the design and development of a flexible thermally-drawn UHF linear dipole receive phased array is described, with the required DC bias for the array low noise amplifiers (LNAs) and other components provided by a pair of electrically conducting wires in close proximity (3.4 mm) to the wire dipoles.
Abstract: The design and development of a flexible thermally-drawn UHF linear dipole receive phased array is described. The required DC bias for the array low noise amplifiers (LNAs) and other components is provided by a pair of electrically conducting wires in close proximity (3.4 mm) to the wire dipoles. To improve the input impedance match, the presence of the nearby power bus requires an offset feed design for the dipoles. Linear array simulations and reactive impedance matching at UHF (420 to 450 MHz) are described. Good performance is observed, with VSWR<3:1 for scan angles up to +/−25° from broadside when using infinite array unit cell analysis. Small array performance is also discussed, with a more limited scan range due to edge effects.
12 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the beamforming technologies of spaceborne multi-beam phased array antennas are discussed and the most recent development trends in spaceborne multibeam phased array antenna are examined.
Abstract: The beamforming technologies of spaceborne multi-beam phased array antennas are first briefly discussed in this paper. Then, some successfully launched satellites using multi-beam phased array antennas are summarized. Finally, the most recent development trends in spaceborne multi-beam phased array antennas are examined.
14 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the challenges and requirements on conformal phased array antenna measurements are illustrated, and the measurement system must have capabilities of arbitrary trajectory, probe adaption and clutter suppression in no absorbing environment.
Abstract: conformal phased array antennas could be perfectly integrated with carrier platforms. It can effectively increase the aperture area and enlarge the covering angle, without destroying the aerodynamic characteristics of the carrier. In this paper, challenges and requirements on conformal phased array antenna measurements are illustrated. Due to the structural convergence of the platform and phased array antenna, measurements need to been done using near-field method on site outside the anechoic chamber. Thus, the measurement system must have capabilities of arbitrary trajectory, probe adaption, and clutter suppression in no absorbing environment. This paper aims to provide valuable reference and promote researches and developments on conformal phased array antenna measurement technology.
26 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the analog beamforming network composed of phase shifter and attenuator is applied to phase shift and phase attenuation in phase-modulated array (SFA) systems, and the relevant simulation is carried out.
Abstract: Phased array feed is a advanced array receiving technology in the field of radio astronomy and microwave receivers. It is equivalent to a small array antenna evenly placed at the focal field of the radio telescope. Through the beamforming network at back stage, pattern synthesis, beam scanning and even continuous beam coverage can be realized. Time modulated array is a four-dimensional array antenna technology that adjusts the array pattern and phase through time series. Although this technology is mostly used in satellite communication and radar systems, it is similar to the analog beamforming network composed of phase shifter and attenuator in phased array feed. In this paper, based on the technology of time modulated array, it is applied to the analog beamforming technology of phased array feed, and the relevant simulation is carried out.
23 Sep 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the optimal array arrangement and element design for low-orbit satellites was analyzed and designed in view of the requirements of multi-target reception, large space coverage and equipment miniaturization of receiving terminals.
Abstract: In view of the requirements of multi-target reception, large space coverage and equipment miniaturization of receiving terminals for low-orbit satellites, this paper has analyzed and designed the optimal array arrangement and element design. By utilizing the near-spherical array arrangement and crossed multi-layer distribution, the array efficiency has been effectively improved and the uniform coverage of a large space area has been obtained. Furthermore, the sparse array with a higher gain has been achieved by proposing the cavity-backed array element. The simulated and measured results have confirmed that the proposed array has achieved a large coverage of −8°∼90° in the elevation plane and the G/T fluctuation is less than 1dB. Moreover, the side-lobe level is around −15dB with a uniform weighting.
21 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a dual-frequency WIFI phased array antennas system is presented, which consists of 2.4-2.5GHz Phased Array Antennas, 5.15-5.85GHz transmitter and receiver (TR) components, and control board.
Abstract: In this paper, a dual-frequency WIFI phased array antennas system is presented. The system consists of 2.4-2.5GHz Phased Array Antennas, 5.15-5.85GHz Phased Array Antennas, 2.4-2.5GHz transmitter and receiver (TR) components, 5.15-5.85GHz transmitter and receiver (TR) components, and control board. There are toggle switches that can control the configuration of the phased array antennas. The system can form ± 45º beam steering by changing the phase of the antenna array. Moreover, the antennas are circularly polarized which can improve the transmitting and receiving efficiency for linearly polarized WIFI signals. To validate the effectiveness of the system, the proposed antennas, TR components, and control board are designed, fabricated, and measured. In two frequency bands, the system can realize ± 45º beam steering. This phased array antennas system is a potential alternative in some WIFI communication systems.
10 Jul 2022
TL;DR: In this article , an 8x8 series-fed patch antenna arrays for automotive radar phased arrays at 77 GHz are introduced, which operate over an impedance bandwidth of 75-80 GHz.
Abstract: In this paper, 8x8 series-fed patch antenna arrays for automotive radar phased arrays at 77 GHz are introduced. The proposed planar array antenna is composed of eight patch antennas with a series feed configuration, which are fed by a 1-to-8 feeding network. The designed array configurations operate over an impedance bandwidth of 75-80 GHz. All simulations are carried out using the CST Microwave Studio™ full-wave software program, and the validation of the reflection coefficient is performed with Ansys HFSS. The developed arrays exhibit a directive broadside radiation pattern with a high gain of more than 20 dBi at 77 GHz. The proposed array's performance is suitable for phased array anti-collision automotive radar applications at 77 GHz.