Showing papers on "Residual frame published in 1983"

Method and apparatus for recording a digital signal on motion picture film

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recording a digital signal such as a modified SMPTE time code on motion picture film as it is being intermittently advanced by a motion picture camera. The recorded time code includes a set of timing bits followed immediately by a set of synchronization bits. In one embodiment, the time code is recorded as a continuous signal with the last bit recorded for each frame having an extended length, to ensure that uncertainties in the specific times at which the camera begins and ends its advancement of the film don't result in the recording of a bit that is shorter than a nominal bit duration. In a second embodiment, an addition set of synchronization bits is recorded at the beginning of each frame, so that a time code reader assumes it corresponds to the previous frame and properly decodes the following sets of timing bits and synchronization bits as corresponding to the current frame.

Framing circuit for digital system

Abstract: A framing system processes a digital signal having a clock period of T seconds and a frame of which is made up of an n-bit framing pattern and m-bit information, (n+m) bits long in total. This system is applicable to a situation in which the probability that a pattern common to the n-bit framing pattern appears in the m-bit information is very low. With attention paid to the special characteristics of a frame pattern, when a coincidence pulse is found at a position different from the present frame position inside a window, the frame information is immediately regarded as being lost at that instant and the system is caused into a hunting state to search a new frame position.

Television signal standards conversion

Abstract: A television picture transmission system using conditional replenishment employs a scanning rate at the transmitter which differs (for asynchronous operation, slightly; or for operation between systems using different standards, considerably) from the scanning standard at the the receiver. The frame rate conversion is effected by the updating loops at the transmitter or receiver by, respectively, periodically stopping the coding loop for a field or frame so that no data is produced to produce a lower frame rate or periodically repeating a field or frame in the loop without adding any updating data so as to produce a higher frame rate. Resulting variations in data rate are accommodated by utilizing the buffering inherent in conditional replenishment systems. The jerkiness of motion in the received picture resulting from stopping the loop or repeating a field or frame can be reduced by the use of temporal interpolation in the generation of the updating data to anticipate the stopping or repeating of a field or frame, while conversion of the number of lines per frame can be effected by spatial interpolating using a transversal filter.

Frame generation system of pcm data

Abstract: PURPOSE:To offer a frame generation system with less increase in circuit scale and with unchanged redundancy when PCM data different in the number of quantized bits are recorded and reproduced by using sampling data different in quantizing bit as the same frame constitution. CONSTITUTION:This system is a PCM data frame generation system where a signal data bit constituting a frame is formed by sectioning a PCM data having the number of quantizing bits ns1-bit of one sample by the sampling number of ms1-set and PCM data having the number of ns2 quantizing bits different from the above are formed as a signal data bit constituting a frame by the sampling number of ms2-set where Equation I is established, and the PCM data different in the number of quantizing bits is transmitted or recorded/reproduced with the same frame constitution in a frame generation system where the data is sectioned in n-bit and a frame synchronizing signal and an error detection correction code are added in transmitting or recording/reproducing a digital signal data, and a common measure ncm-bit between the ns1 and ns2 is used as one symbol, and the frame error detection and correction code is generated and added by using the symbol as unit.

Recording and reproducing method of optical information

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the variance of an address to be stored by having the frame constitution of sectors with frame numbers bearing error detection codes added to each frame and therefore limiting the word synchronization variance due to a drop-out until the next frame. CONSTITUTION:The guide track of an optical disk is divided into plural sectors, and the data to be recorded to these sectors are divided into plural segments 10. The frame numbers 12 containing series numbers added with error detection codes are given to the segments 10. Then a data mark 8 is added to each head of the sectors 10, and a synchronizing signal 7 is applied to the head of a train of frames F1-Fm. The data recorded to a sector buffer memory 13 is read and undergoes a parallel/serial conversion 20 through a multiplexer 19. While in a reproduction mode, the mark 8 is detected 24 after a aerial/parallel conversion 22. The numbers 12 are latched 26 and stored to the memory 13 only in case no error is detected with the data equivalent to one frame. Thus, it is possible to prevent the variance of both synchronization and an address.

Television signal transmission

Abstract: A television picture transmission system using conditional replenishment employs a scanning rate at the transmitter which differs (for asynchronous operation, slightly; or for operation between systems using different standards, considerably) from the scanning standard at the the receiver. The frame rate conversion is effected by the updating loops at the transmitter or receiver by, respectively, periodically stopping the coding loop for a field or frame so that no data is produced to produce a lower frame rate or periodically repeating a field or frame in the loop without adding any updating data so as to produce a higher frame rate. Resulting variations in data rate are accommodated by utilising the buffering inherent in conditional replenishment systems. The jerkiness of motion in the received picture resulting from stopping the loop or repeating a field or frame can be reduced by the use of temporal interpolation in the generation of the updating data to anticipate the stopping or repeating of a field or frame, whilst conversion of the number of lines per frame can be effected by spatial interpolation using a transversal filter.

Method and circuit arrangements for processing digital video signals

Abstract: To save transmission capacity, only those parts of a single frame of a moving-picture signal (video signal) are transmitted in digital form which have changed compared with the preceding single frame as far as this is known to the receiver. The transmission coding process can be carried out with a continuous operating speed determined by the data rate of the transmission path since both the change decisions and the supplied uncoded frame data words are temporarily stored at the transmitter end for data processing and are supplied to the coding process after a variable delay. A temporary storage at the channel end can be omitted both in the transmitter and the receiver. The received frame data are directly decoded and the associated address data are used for updating the video information items located in the frame store which are only reproduced after a delay time - between zero and one frame period.

Classification and Block Coding of the Frame Difference Signal

Abstract: An interframe-intraframe predictive codex which uses an adaptive subdivision of the frame difference signal into homogeneous regions (blobs), the conditional replenishment technique, an adaptive quantization, and the block coding of the quantizer. output, is investigated. On order to recognize the homogeneous regions, three different classification algorithms are applied to a videotelephonic image sequence and composted. The performance of this coding scheme, in terms or Normalized Mean Squared Evon and bit rate, are then evaluated for several values of the coder parameters. The cost of blob boundary coding is evaluated too.