Showing papers on "Resource Description and Access published in 1998"

Towards the Hybrid Library

Abstract: Achievements in research programs are seldom what was envisaged at the start. It is still too early to judge the success or failure of the first phases of the UK Electronic Libraries Program (eLib), as several projects are still not completed. Despite this, some lessons learned are becoming apparent. In this article I reflect on a little of what has been learned, and to explore some of the implications. The eLib program has a heavy evaluation component, but the views expressed here are personal, deriving as much from living and working with the projects for the last three years as from any formal evaluations at this stage. From these reflections I look forward briefly to the latest phase of eLib. My aim is to argue for the concept of the hybrid library as a logical follow on from current developments. Institutions should remain an important focus for digital library activities, and users in those institutions require the sort of integration of digital library services which the hybrid library promises.

The Academic Library: Its Context, Its Purpose, and Its Operation

Abstract: Examining the academic library within a contextual framework (of colleges, universities, and American society), this work provides analysis of the institution's content and function. Rather than concentrating on management issues, this book emphasizes the structure, organization, decision making and operations of academic libraries. The author surveys the history, organization and cultures of the academic environment as well as the communities served by the academic library and the university. He reviews the role of the academic librarian; the governance, administration, and financial operations of the library; and the library collection. Special attention is given to processes of scholarly communication and the library's effort to provide information to the academic community. The book concludes with "A Look Ahead" to the possibilities and realities of distance education, copyright issues, academic library services, and other current trends.

Managing Licensed Networked Electronic Resources in a University Library.

Abstract: The issues faced in delivering licensed networked electronic information resources to users have received much attention in university libraries and in the library literature in recent years. Management of those resources has been addressed on many individual topics as well. In key areas such as licensing, access, consortia, and cataloging, for example, issues have been and continue to be explored in some depth. This article presents a holistic view of the management of licensed networked information resources in a university library and suggests areas for further consideration. Managing information resources so that they may be discovered and used by university students, faculty, researchers, and staff is at the core of the mission of a university library. Traditionally, this management has included the processes of selection, acquisition, cataloging and classification, labeling and other physical processing, storage, circulation, and preservation of books, journals, videos, and many other kinds of physical materials that constituted the packages containing the information. Because the outcomes of these processes were not always sufficient to allow users to find the information they needed, libraries also have provided reference and information assistance and more and more user education. Libraries have acquired complex bibliographic searching tools such as indexes and bibliographies, and librarians invented interlibrary loan to acquire materials that users needed but which their libraries did not own. From the beginning, libraries were leaders in the utilization of information technologies. Today's printed book is a splendidly successful and long-lived information technology, and libraries have long used binding to gather, preserve, and make more accessible the less sturdy, soft-covered magazine and journal. In fact, libraries have been in the forefront of society's adoption of new information technologies. Microfilm, film, video, other audiovisual formats, and public photocopying were all embraced by libraries. Before Kinko's and Hollywood Video, there was the library. Digital computing technology is no exception. The obvious benefit of library automation to society was clear to many--non-librarians as well as librarians--very early in the development of computing, and the rest, as they say, is history. Library automation was so successful that until very recently, libraries were probably unique in having standards for both their computer records (MARC) and for the data in those records (the cataloging rules and classification schedules). In short, libraries not only have a long and honored tradition of managing information, they "have significant experience with managing technology" and not being managed by it.[1] The extremely rapid development of the global networked environment, however, has forced librarians to scramble---in almost the military sense of that word--to prevent the loss of their ability to manage networked information resources for the good of their current and future users. Is it irony or only coincidence that the first article in the June 1998 issue of ARL: A Bimonthly Newsletter of Research Library Issues and Actions summarizes one of the most recent attacks on that ability, and the second, some of the most recent counterattacks?[2] The first article concerns a proposed update to the Uniform Commercial Code that "is poised to shape the legal landscape for transactions in information products, including copyrighted works, databases, and computer software. It is therefore likely to impact the operations of all libraries and academic institutions." Perhaps the most direct outcome would be to legitimize the shrink-wrap license and open its application to any form of intellectual property including books. Break the seal, and a library would be wrapped in the license, strongly suggesting the need for a new profession to serve us all in our despair: the Library Shrink. …

Serving Latino Communities. A How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians. How-To-Do-It Manuals for Librarians, Number 80.

Abstract: Aqui esta! Here it is - the long-awaited new edition of "Serving Latino Communities". Alire and Ayala, both past presidents of REFORMA (the National Association to Promote Library and Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish-Speaking), build the case for increased service to this important and growing community and provide ideas for making outreach a success. Chapter coverage helps library staff understand the needs of their library's Latino community; develop successful programs and services; obtain funding for projects and programs; prepare staff to work more effectively with Latinos; establish partnerships with relevant external agencies and organizations; improve collection development; and perform effective outreach and public relations. This second edition features a new emphasis on electronic and Web resources to aid in outreach, new strategies for conducting focus groups and bilingual surveys, an increased number of programming ideas, and even more examples of bilingual promotional materials. A completely revised and updated resource directory points to the best publications, organizations, and sites for more information on this growing community.

Preservation and Archives in Vietnam.

Abstract: DOCUMENT RESUME

Minimal level cataloging: what does it mean for maps in the contexts of card catalogs, online catalogs, and digital libraries?

Abstract: In this article, we examine some of the proposals which have dealt with the problems in cataloging in two different technological contexts: Printed-card catalogs and online catalogs We first look at some of the measures which attempted to deal with the crisis in cataloging at the Library of Congress in the 1940s Then we address some of the current problems in cataloging in the era of online public access catalogs (OPACs) In particular, we discuss the extent to which minimal-level cataloging, as defined by the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and implemented in the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC®) database, works for maps Our discussion is organized around two main groups of access points: Controlled vocabulary data elements, including name data elements, and free-text data elements In closing, we discuss prospects that the next generation of online catalogs using the Z3950 protocol and SGML format might offer to minimal-level cataloging for maps

Cataloging electronic journals: learning to weave the Web

Abstract: Once the decision was made to catalog electronic serials (electronic journals or e-journals) at the University of Pennsylvania, it was up to the serials catalogers to decide how much information would be provided in the record, as well as to develop a “standard” form. Even though the cataloging would come from two separate units (the main University Library and the Biomedical Library), the records would be part of the same OPAC. As very few other libraries were cataloging Internet resources at the time and national standards were still under discussion, it was necessary to “learn by doing.” The authors describe the process of creating cataloging records for the more than 1550 Internet serial resources and the progression from brief, basic records on the library's gopher to full-level cataloging of Internet titles for these items. Examples of problems unique to this format are supplied; discussion of foreign and domestic online newspapers and established publisher-and/or vendor-generated scholarly...

The Implementation of the Greek Union Catalog.

Abstract: This paper is based on the results of the study of the Work Group of Bibliographic Standards for the Greek union catalog, the first stage of Greek academic library union catalog development. The first section lists the objectives of the union catalog. The state of the art of Greek academic libraries is discussed in the second section. The lack of uniformity is identified as the main difficulty in setting up the union catalog. The next section addresses implementation models, and the fourth section describes two implementation phases (i.e., formation/homogeneity of the primary database and function/updating of the union catalog). Specifications required for the union catalog system are summarized in the fifth section, including records format, quality control of records, multiple records identification, and the data model. The sixth section considers standardization, including bibliographic standards, authorization of names and subjects, holdings information, and interlibrary loan. The importance of education and training of library staff is noted in the seventh section, followed by a section that discusses the administration scheme. The ninth section outlines project phases. A concluding section lists expected project results. (Contains 26 references.) (MES) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY al_lbrant-TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) (I) following brief analysis: http://educate.lib.chalm A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GREEK UNION CATALOG Katsirikou, Anthi Technical University of Crete, University Campus, 73136 Chania, Greece )ap/anthi.html Introduction This presentation is based on the results of the study of the Work Group of Bibliographic standards for the Greek Union catalog. This is a project financed by the European Union which aims among others to the electronic networking of Greek Academic Libraries and to the establishment of infrastructure for the implementation of the Union catalog in Greece. The study which is the first stage of the Union catalog development, was entrusted by the Project Steering Board consisting of the representatives of all participating libraries. The study was introduced to the same Board and was passed. The work group decided that it was necessary to be advised by experts, so they had meetings with 3 persons, one from Europe and two from USA, who are experienced to the Union Catalogs setting up and implementation. 1. The objectives of the Union catalog The union catalog, at the early stage is the result of group efforts on cataloguing of many different organizations. At the following stage Union catalog provide users with the ability to perform consistent searching of records from multiple institutions in the sense that these records are indexed consistently. The goals of the union catalog are: Cataloguing most cost effectively, Increase the supply of quality records, both bibliographic and authority ones, Develop and maintain mutually acceptable standards, Increase the access and sharing of the bibliographic and authority databases of the participant libraries, Development of an interlibrary loan with real access to the collection material and document delivery system, Development of joint collections, printed and mainly, electronic ones, Links to document suppliers and electronic journals, Use of shared resources, Ongoing discussion, planning and programming among participant libraries, The production of the National Bibliography in electronic form. In a few words, the union catalog is a shared bibliographic database of all items in Greek libraries and their location, and it was to be a common network linking all libraries to one another, offering shared functions for interlending services, shared cataloguing and access to foreign databases. 2. The state of the art of Greek Academic Libraries The current state of Greek Academic Libraries shows some oddities which can be summed up in the 1 of 8 Lack of a coordinating body and cooperation mechanisms. So there aren't collective common decisions for the implementation of common accepted standards. National Library is not able up to the moment to undertake the substantial leading role in the Libraries community. Variety of automated systems. The automation of the libraries was accomplished relatively with great delay of these of European Union countries and was the result of individual efforts. As a 2 WU COPY AVAILABLE 10/28/99 1:47 PM Katsirikou Paper http://educate.lib.chalmers.se/IATUL/proceedcontents/pretpap/anthi.html consequence, the chosen library softwares have different potentials, use different MARC formats and supports either all or a part of an online system modules. Cataloguing rules. The general standard used for cataloguing is the Anglo American Cataloguing Rules". The level of the implementation and the rules interpretation doesn't appear any consistency, since it has not been agreed or dictated by a national decision making committee. . The use of standards related to bibliographic records is neither spread nor standardized. The Bibliographic records of non-greek material are purchased by foreign organizations. The cataloguing of greek material is accomplished individually by each library. Uniformity problems cause the main difficulty to the setting up the union calalog. These problems are listed below: The interpretation of cataloguing rules and the using sources, The level and the quality of cataloguing, The lack of standardization on holdings entries, The language of the field of notes for non-greek material, The use of names, corporate bodies and geographical terms. . Authority records: subjects and names Subjects The Academic libraries had to face the subject analysis of material without authoritative greek schedules. As a result we have the following formation: o Foreign language material: Language of subject Analysis: English: Source,Library of Congress Subject Headings. o Foreign language material: Language of subject Analysis: Greek: Source, National library and individual translation of the Library of Congress Subject Headings. o Greek language material: Language of subject Analysis: Greek: Source, National library and individual translation of the Library of Congress Subject Headings. o Greek language material: Language of subject Analysis: English: Source,Library of Congress Subject Headings. o Greek language material: Language of subject Analalysis: English and Greek: Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings, National library and individual translation of the Library of Congress Subject Headings. Names The name authority files of Library of Congress are used mainly for the authorization of foreign language names. For the greek names there is a variety of sources that are used, since the authority files of the National library are deficient and they can't be crossed with bibliographic records. o MARC Format. Two MARC formats are used: UNIMARC ?a? USMARC. Due to recent technological evolutions, this difficulty can be overleapt. o Collaborations and networks. Since early sixties the greek library community has seeked forms of collaboration and the creation of the ptinted union catalog. Due of the lack of coordinator and funds, these goals were never achieved. Nevertheless, the following evolutions are noticeable: 1. The union catalogue of periodicals which is established by the National Documentation Centre, is an official form of collaboration for the interlibrary loan. 2. A network of archaeological libraries is in progress. 3. Implementation models A Union catalog is presented to its users as a high-quality management information access system. This means that the system should meet standards for reasonably rapid and predictable response time, high availability and reliability, and good communication about outages; and the user should expect its behavior to be highly repeatable from session to session. There are two options of the organization of the catalog: the central and distributed one. The above referred situation of the Greek libraries persuades us to lean towards the central administration scheme because it offers: stable collection, basic, centrally managed tools for cataloguing, 3 2 of 8 10/28/99 1:47 PM Katsirikou Paper http://educate.lib.chalmers.se/IATUL/proceedcontents/pretpap/anthi.html possibilities for off-line pre-processing of records during loading of data, consistent index generation, . single search engine with dependable mapping of search keys to indexes, high level of repeatability, . central control of quality and performance. 1 Two basic models of implementation can be applied for the creation of a union catalogue: 1. Master Union Catalog. The participating institutions catalogue their material to the central database and then load to the local databases the new or modified records. 2. Slave Union Catalog. The participating institutions catalogue their material at first locally and then load the new or modified records to the central database. It is obvious that the appropriate model for Greek union catalogue is the Slave one, but the administrative system of the union catalogue could at the same time play the role of the master union catalogue in order to support smaller libraries without local automated systems. 4. Implementation phases In order to be achieved the functi

Cataloging electronic serials

Abstract: There are unique issues involved when cataloging electronic journals. The workshop leaders presented examples of online journals to illustrate problems associated with bibliographic description, transcription of the 856 field, and access points that are useful for e-serials. Additionally, the workshop leaders examined CONSER's one-record approach to cataloging digital reproductions.

The Library Corporation

Abstract: Research Park Inwood, WV 25428-9733 Telephone: 800-325-7759 Fax: 304-229-0295 E-mail: info@tlcdelivers.com URL: www.tlcdelivers.com BACKGROUND The Library Corporation, a leading supplier of library automation products and services, was founded in 1974. The company, then known as MARC Applied Research, was initially based in Washington, D.C. Its first product, MARCFICHE, contained the LC MARC database on microfiche accompanied by indexes that facilitated retrieval of desired cataloging records. Described by Pasternack (1976) and Young (1978), it was the most useful and successful of several microform-based cataloging tools introduced during the 1960s and 1970s. MARCFICHE was produced from data tapes obtained from the LC MARC Distribution Service. Cataloging records, formatted as catalog card images, were published on a continuously growing collection of microfiches in the same sequence in which they were produced by the Library of Congress. Indexes were recorded on a separate set of microfiches. They provided access to cataloging records by main entry, Library of Congress Classification Number, Library of Congress Card Number, and International Standard Book Number. Index entries included a partial title and lookup coordinates (microfiche number, column number, and sequential position) for the cataloging records to which they pertained. Subscription options provided weekly, quarterly, or semi-annual shipments of new cataloging microfiche with cumulative indexes. In 1985, The Library Corporation introduced the product with which it has been most closely associated, a CD-ROM cataloging support system called BiblioFile. It is described by Allan (1990), Andres (1993), Bibi (1990), Bills and Helgerson (1989), Brennan (1989), Colglazier (1988), Cormouls and Gaudin (1988), Desmarais (1985), Gartshore (1987), Giesbrecht (1988), Grift (1993), Harrison (1988), Jacso (1990), Khurshid (1991), McKnight (1987), Morrow (1988), and Ruesta et al. (1994). BiblioFile was the first CD-ROM information product to be successfully commercialized. Currently used by over 4,000 libraries worldwide, it remains available for DOS-based microcomputers. Its replacement is the Integrated Technical Services (ITS) Workstation for Windows--or, simply, ITS for Windows--a cataloging support program that can operate with CD-ROM databases for other cataloging source files. The Library Corporation's current line of CD-ROM cataloging support products is discussed elsewhere in this issue. In 1997, The Library Corporation introduced ITS.MARC, a web-based cataloging service that provides online access to the LC MARC data base and other bibliographic records. ITS.MARC is the newest bibliographic utility and the only one developed specifically and exclusively for web access; other bibliographic utilities discussed in this issue predate the World Wide Web, although they have recently introduced web access capabilities. Like other bibliographic utilities, ITS.MARC supports copy cataloging through retrieval and editing of bibliographic records. Through microcomputer-based software described below, ITS.MARC also supports original cataloging, but it does not store cataloging records contributed by subscribers. In that respect, it most closely resembles Open DRANet among the bibliographic utilities discussed in this issue. ITS.MARC is a general-purpose bibliographic utility that is available to libraries of all types and sizes. ITS.MARC participants are termed "subscribers." In addition to cataloging support products and services, The Library Corporation offers the Library. Solution, a second-generation integrated library system that is installed at approximately 100 sites; NetPAC, which provides access to library catalogs via the World Wide Web; Site-Solution, a service that creates customized web sites; and TLC. Partner, an outsourcing service for library automation. The Library Corporation continues to support its older BiblioFile series of library automation programs for public catalog access, circulation control, and reference applications. …

How Does Your Public Library Compare? Service Performance of Peer Groups. Statistics in Brief.

Abstract: Since 1989, the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) has collected the only current nationwide data on nearly 9,000 public libraries in the United States. The Public Libraries Survey, with the cooperation of all 50 state library agencies, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories, provides statistics about income, operating expenditures, staffing, size of collection, circulation, interlibrary loans, hours of operation, electronic access, and other items. These data are used by federal, state, and local officials, professional associations, researchers, and local practitioners for planning, evaluation, and policy making.

Cataloging With Aacr2R and Usmarc: For Books, Computer Files, Serials, Sound Recordings, Videorecordings

Abstract: Because machine readable cataloguing (MARC) is the dominant format for the bibliographic cataloguing of library materials, "Cataloguing with AACR2 and MARC" is a useful resource for cataloguers in libraries of all types and sizes, as well as students and instructors in library and information science programmes. MARC is the computerized "language" for coding catalogue records. The 1988 revision of AACR2, along with the 1993 Amendments, is the current descriptive cataloguing code of rules. Until now, linking the cataloguing rule with the MARC tag/subfield codes has been the primary challenge of cataloguers who frequently work online. "Cataloguing with AACR2 and MARC" is a guide to cross-referencing the AACR2R rules, MARC tag/subfields, and interpretations for LC rules for each of the major media categories. Major formats include books, serials, videos, sound recordings and computer files. Organized in a format similar to AACR2R - according to the various media types - the book provides searching hints and match criteria, the relationships between fields in the cataloguing record, ISBN punctuation, and much more.

Creativity in serials cataloging: Heresy or necessity?

Abstract: The concept of creativity in cataloging was defined. Creativity presupposes thorough knowledge of cataloging rules and standards. The goal of creative cataloging is to adapt records in order to enhance patron access to information in the library database. Using examples from various types of serial records, the workshop leaders discussed creative cataloging methods in the online environment.