Showing papers on "Rhinella schneideri published in 2016"
TL;DR: Besides an involvement of pulmonary ventilation in matching O2 delivery to demand at higher temperatures in anurans, it also plays a role in blood pressure regulation, independent of temperature, possibly owing to an interaction between baroreflex and respiratory areas in the brain, as previously suggested for mammals.
Abstract: Anurans regulate short-term oscillations in blood pressure through changes in heart rate ( f H ), vascular resistance and lymph hearts frequency. Lung ventilation in anurans is linked to blood volume homeostasis by facilitating lymph return to the cardiovascular system. We hypothesized that the arterial baroreflex modulates pulmonary ventilation in the Cururu toad Rhinella schneideri, and that this relationship is temperature-dependent. Pharmacologically induced hypotension (sodium nitroprusside) and hypertension (phenylephrine) increased ventilation (25°C: 248.7±25.7; 35°C: 351.5±50.2 ml kg −1 min −1 ) and decreased ventilation (25°C: 9.0±6.6; 35°C: 50.7±15.6 ml kg −1 min −1 ), respectively, relative to control values from Ringer9s injection (25°C: 78.1±17.0; 35°C: 137.7±15.5 ml kg −1 min −1 ). The sensitivity of the ventilatory response to blood pressure changes was higher during hypotension than hypertension (25°C: -97.6±17.1 vs. -23.6±6.0 breaths min −1 kPa −1 ; 35°C: -141.0±29.5 vs. -28.7±6.4 breaths min −1 kPa −1 , respectively), while temperature had no effect on those sensitivities. Hyperoxia (30%; 25°C) diminished ventilation, but did not abolish the ventilatory response to hypotension, indicating a response independent of peripheral chemoreceptors. Although there are previous data showing increased f H baroreflex sensitivity from 15 to 30°C in this species, further increases in temperature (35°C) diminished f H baroreflex gain (40.5±5.62 vs. 21.6±4.64 % kPa −1 ). Therefore, besides a pulmonary ventilation role in matching O 2 delivery to demand at higher temperatures in anurans, it also plays a role in blood pressure regulation, independent of temperature, possibly owing to an interaction between baroreflex and respiratory areas in the brain, as previously suggested for mammals.
14 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that R. schneideri parotoid secretion contains proteins with anti-inflammatory and slight toxic effects, which was reinforced by the absence of proteolytic activity.
Abstract: Parotoid glands of amphibians are known for the production of several biologically active compounds having pharmacological and toxic effects in mammals. In the present work, a protein fraction obtained from Rhinella schneideri parotoid gland (RsPP) was characterized to study its biological and toxic effects. Rhinella schneideri parotoid secretion is composed of up to 30% (w/w) of soluble proteins. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the RsPP identified 104 proteins, including actin, beta-actin, ribosomal proteins, catalase, galectin, and uncharacterized proteins; however, no peptidases were found, and this result was reinforced by the absence of proteolytic activity. In addition, RsPP did not exhibit pro-coagulant or antibacterial effects. However, pretreatment of mice with different doses of RsPP intraperitoneally inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema and increased tissue myeloperoxidase activity. RsPP also reduced interleukin 1β levels in the peritoneal cavities and cell migration in the peritoneal cavities of an animal model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Subchronic treatment of animals with RsPP for 7 consecutive days did not alter the serum biochemical, renal, or liver parameters. However, a significant reduction in blood leukocyte count was observed. Our results showed that R. schneideri parotoid secretion contains proteins with anti-inflammatory and slight toxic effects.
12 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that in the toad R. schneideri, orexinergic neurons are located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and that OX1R contributes to hypercarbic and hypoxic chemoreflexes.
11 citations