Showing papers in "Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology in 2016"

TL;DR: The effect of aging on DIAm function resembles that of neurodegeneration and suggests possible common mechanisms, such as the involvement of several neurotrophic factors in mediating Diam sarcopenia.

TL;DR: Data suggest that swallows occur within a restricted range of lung volumes with variation due to instructions, bolus type and other experimental variables.

TL;DR: Understanding the neural pathways arising from the airways and lungs may provide novel insights into aberrant sensations, such as the urge-to-cough, characteristic of respiratory disease.

TL;DR: It is concluded that respiratory-related motoneurons are particularly susceptible to GAA deficiency and that neuronal glycogen accumulation and neurodegeneration may occur independently in early stage disease.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that prooxidant/antioxidant balance was impaired to a greater degree following acute exposure to terrestrial (HH) vs. simulated altitude (NH) and that the chamber confinement (NN) did likely not explain these differences.

TL;DR: Results support the presence of direct excitatory projections from RTN/pFRG neurons to cVRG expiratory premotor neurons, playing a role in the generation/modulation of AE.

TL;DR: Two mechanisms, distinct from stenosis, were found to strongly affect airflow energy dissipation in the pathological tracheas.

TL;DR: Results show that inspiratory muscle warm-up improved the pulmonary functions and the mechanisms responsible are probably associated with the concomitant increase in the inspiratory Muscle strength, and the cooperation of the upper thorax, neck, and respiratory muscles.

TL;DR: How to implement SGD, how it precisely controls VA, and consequently how it controls arterial blood gases is described.

TL;DR: Recovery of ipsilateral DIAm electromyogram (EMG) activity following SH is enhanced by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the region of the phrenic motoneuron pool, and the importance of BDNF signaling via TrkB receptors at phrenics motoneurons is highlighted.

TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between active expiration during exercise and dynamic hyperinflation in expiratory limb of the spontaneous flow-volume loop found detection of concavity in spontaneousflow-volume loops may help assess DH and exercise limitation in COPD.

TL;DR: The role of piscine neuroepithelial cells (NEC), putative peripheral chemoreceptors, as tri-modal sensors of O2, CO2 and NH3 are discussed and the potential role of neurotransmitters in activating downstream neuronal pathways is elaborated.

TL;DR: Measurements of CO and NO transfer while breathing 15% or 21% O2 allowed the estimation of θNO and the calculation of the optimal equation relating 1/θCO to pulmonary capillary oxygen pressure (PcapO2), which reached the morphometric range.

TL;DR: It is proposed that RSA is a central mechanism that ameliorates the matching between the quasi-continuous pulmonary blood flow and the intermittent airflow, irrespective of the type of ventilatory drive (cortical or autonomic).

TL;DR: It is concluded that the effect of CIH on insulin sensitivity and signaling is time-dependent and is associated with changes in HIF signaling in insulin-sensitive tissues.

TL;DR: Involvement of microglia in the pathophysiology of CVDs, in a neuroprotective/neurotoxic manner, is a key area that requires further investigation.

TL;DR: CIH produced an increase in the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia that was virtually eliminated by all three pharmacologic interventions, and CIH caused a robust increase in carotid body nitrotyrosine production that was greatly attenuated by allopurinol plus losartan and by apocynin but unaffected by allopsinol.

TL;DR: Calcium-imaging experiments within preBötC in rhythmically active medullary slices from TgN(hGFAP-EGFP) mice are evaluated, supporting a concept that slow oscillatory changes of astrocytic functions modulate neighboring neuronal activity to add variability in respiratory rhythm.

TL;DR: This is the first cue-based task to explore recall of dyspnoea and dysPNoea-related anxiety in COPD and is suitable for FMRI use and may aid dyspnOEa neuroimaging research.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the evolution of breathing in all vertebrates occurred through exaptations derived from these critical basal elements present in the most basal vertebrate ancestors prior to the Evolution of the lung.

TL;DR: In conclusion, heart failure introduces pronounced negative effects on CBF and COx in COPD which may be associated with clinically relevant outcomes, including dyspnea, exercise intolerance, cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: The present study provides an accurate simulation of velocity and temperature distributions of inhalation thermal injury in a human upper airway, including vestibule, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynX, larynx and upper part of main bronchus.

TL;DR: Aerobic exercise training improved cardiorespiratory fitness and DOE and thus appears to be an effective treatment for DOE in obese women.

TL;DR: Modified lung inflations during coughing and/or additional expiratory airflow resistance altered the spatio-temporal features of cough motor pattern via the volume related feedback mechanism similar to that in breathing.

TL;DR: Observations suggest that motoneurons dedicated to sound production in vertebrates are not derived from a single developmentally or evolutionarily conserved progenitor pool.

TL;DR: The isolated brainstem of the adult lamprey spontaneously generates respiratory activity, and the removal of GABAergic transmission within the pTRG causes the resumption of rhythmic activity during apnea induced by blockade of glutamatergic transmission.

TL;DR: The coincidence between CVSBN and CVexp, and the presence of the inflection in the absence of phase IV indicate that the deviation of the PL-V curve from the exponential fit reliably assesses CV.

TL;DR: Results show that cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist can prevent tracheal hyperreactivity to 5-HT in DNFB-induced non-atopic asthma in mice.

TL;DR: Preliminary results suggest that BMMCs may ameliorate the inflammatory response of RAO.

TL;DR: It is concluded that severe hypoxia suppresses the cerebral function which could reduce the stimulus to the brainstem resulting in ventilatory depression.