Showing papers on "Rust published in 1977"

Oat crown rust resistance in Israel.

Abstract: Wild oats are the most common plants in the native plant populations all over Israel. Oat crown rust is a very common and widespread disease among wild oats, physiologic specialization is very intensive,l* and it is reinforced by an active sexual stage on Rhamnus palaestina.3 Although very commonly diseased, wild oats are still extremely common plants. The successful, coexisting native populations of both hosts and parasites provokes interest in studying the population structures of both hosts and parasites with two main aims in mind: exploitation of relevant resistance from the wild and understanding of a successful natural resistance management. Over the years much information has been gathered about the distribution of genes for resistance,', and about the distribution of virulence throughout the season and over the country.lI More recently, light is being shed on physiologic specialization among crown rust forms and on the origin of new pathogenic types.\

Spectral reflectance of healthy and leaf rust-infected barley leaves

Abstract: disturbed for 72 hours. They were then examined daily. The antagonist markedly inhibited growth of all isolates of P. cinnamomi, and the zone of inhibition was measured four days after antagonism was evident in all plates. The experiment was repeated three times and the results are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Mean diameter (cm.) of zones of inhibition between a species of Penicillium and three isolates of P. cinnamomi grown on PDA

Groundnut Rust in the United States and the Caribbean

Abstract: Groundnut rust, caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg., is endemic in the West Indies and has occurred with increasing frequency in the United States in recent years. Since 1970 this highly destructive fungus has become established throughout Asia and Oceania, in Australia, and in much of Africa. Rust, together with the leaf spots, greatly restricts production of groundnuts in the Caribbean and in Central America. However, it has not been a major cause of crop losses in the USA except in South Texas during 1971. The fungus does not overwinter in the USA but airborne uredospores are blown in from subtropical areas. Several fungicides currently recommended for leaf spot control are also effective against rust. Three distinct groundnut genotypes are known sources of marked resistance: Tarapoto (P.l.s 259747, 341879, 350680, 381622, 405132); Israel Line 136 (P.l.s 298115 and 315608); and DHT 200 (P.l. 314817). The resistance is physiological and apparently bigenic and recessive. Variation in reaction to ...

Interaction between crown rust (Puccinia coronata) and two viruses of ryegrass

Abstract: SUMMARY In Lemtal Italian and S.24 perennial ryegrass plants, two isolates of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV) suppressed the amount of crown rust emerging on leaves inoculated with Puccinia coronata uredospores by up to 75% compared with the amount on virus-free plants. Severity of rust infection on barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infected plants generally did not differ significantly from that on virus-free plants. When both RMV and BYDV were present, rust was restricted in Lemtal plants to a level intermediate between those occurring on plants infected by either virus alone, and in S.24 plants to a level below that obtained with either virus alone. The mean water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of Lemtal plants was reduced more than 20% by RMV, but was not significantly altered by BYDV. In S.24 plants the WSC content was increased by 10% by RMV and by 60% by BYDV. Rust reduced the WSC content of healthy and virus-infected plants, the reduction being positively correlated with the level of rust on the sampled leaves. In plants of Lemtal, but not of S.24, the degree of rust infection was positively correlated with the WSC content of leaves from rust-free control plants.

Reduced lysine uptake by bean rust haustoria in a resistant reaction

Abstract: tern) and a common pathogen of the pumpkin, the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, were the organisms selected. Magnesium and manganese were chosen since both ions are important in plant metabolism [4], especially photosynthesis [5], and are also interchangeable as co-factors for malay biochemical reactions. The pumpkin seedlings were germinated (98% germination after 5 days) on paper towels and grown in trays of acid-washed quartz sand in a growth chamber adjusted for 16-h days at 30~ and 21~ nights. Plants were grown under polyethylene humidity-control chambers which were made by cutting the bottoms from 5-1 polyethylene reagent bottles. They maintained high humidity around the plants and also prevented cross-contamination between t reatments-an important consideration for working with an infectious disease. The polyethylene was translucent and allowed good temperature equilibration as well. Four pumpkin seedlings were put under each polyethylene chamber. Four chambers were set in each of six trays. Thus for each treatment (complete, minus Mg, or minus Mn) there were 4 plants not inoculated and 28 plants inoculated with the pathogen. The pumpkin seedlings were watered daily with Hoagland's solution, either complete or minus magnesium or minus manganese. Sclerotia of the fungus were supplied by Duane Letourneau (University of Idaho, USA). Cultures of the fungus were obtained by growing

Monoalkanolamide borates, compositions containing the same, and the use thereof as rust-inhibitors and as synergistic lubricative-enhancive addenda

Abstract: As novel compounds, monoalkanolamide borates having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkanol moiety and in which the moiety is substituted or unsubstituted, a method for making and using the same, and the use thereof as rust-inhibitors and as synergistic lubricative-enhancive addenda. The new compounds also have bactericidal and fungicidal properties.

Metal surface treatment liquid and rust preventive paint

Abstract: According to one of the two aspects of the present invention, a metal surface treatment liquid having pH of less than 6 and containing oxytitanic ion and/or peroxytitanic ion therein is provided The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a rust preventive paint, in which oxytitanic ion and/or peroxytitanic ion is(are) contained

Rust Prevention Control by Changing Sulfide Type

Abstract: The first stage of rust formation process is the dissolution of α(Mn,Fe)S into dew water at the steel surface Therefore, rust prevention can be expected by changing the sulfides in steel from the water soluble type, α(Mn,Fe)S, to the water insoluble type This paper deals with the rust prevention control process The dissolution tendency of various sulfides into water has been examined by using the electrolytically extracted sulfides from steel, and then the difference of rust resistance of steel sheets due to the change of sulfides type has been studied with acceleration tests in the humid atmosphere The obtained results revealed that the most appropriate rust prevention can be achieved by fixing all the sulfur in steel as the water insoluble sulfides, (Ce,Mn)(O,S)

Method for coating joint surfaces of two parts

Abstract: PURPOSE:A method for coating joint surface of two parts to prevent the occurrence of rust at the joints, defects of appearance, etc by applying a coating solution, undercoating compound, etc to the joint surfaces without great troubles exactly

Appraisal of groundnut rust in India: problems and approach.

Abstract: Groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) was first noted in India in 1969. Since then it has been recorded in many parts of the country and must now be regarded as a well-established pathogen. It is likely that the present trend to continuous cultivation of groundnuts in parts of India has contributed to the increasing economic importance of this disease by allowing inoculum build-up in these areas from which it has spread elsewhere. At present no suitable control measures exist and serious epidemics may be expected. In view of this and the lack of information on groundnut rust, more research into this problem on a national level is urgently required.

Slow leaf rust development on durum wheat

Abstract: Several durum wheat (Triticitm durum) cultivars exhibiting susceptible or moderately susceptible reactions to the leaf rust fungus (Puccinia recondita tritici) were evaluated for slow rusting. Percentage severity and reactions for P. recondita tritici on each cultivar were evaluated periodically after initial infection. Logit analysis of disease progress curves was used to compare cultivars. The durum wheats consistently exhibited low rust severities in the field. The durums were always characterized by lower infection rates than the susceptible bread wheat cultivar Thatcher (Triticum aestivum). The area under the disease progress curve was smaller for the durum wheats than for Thatcher. The high correlation between apparent infection rate and the final rust severity indicated that final rust severity could be used as an indication of infection rate. The high correlation coefficient for the apparent infection rate between the two top leaves indicated that either leaf would provide an accurate evaluation o...

HOW TO Identify White Pine Blister Rust and Remove Cankers

Abstract: White pine blister rust (caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) was introduced into the United States about 1900 and has since spread throughout the range of white pine. The disease intensity varies throughout the range but is normally most severe where late summers (July-September) are cool (below 67? F) and damp, conditions necessary for blister rust infection. Thus, the farther north, the more blister rust.

Effect of blasticidin S, ethionine, and polyoxin D on stem rust development and host-cell necrosis in wheat near-isogenic for gene Sr6

Abstract: Seedlings of resistant (Sr6) and susceptible (sr6) near-isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were inoculated with an avirulent (P6) race of stem rust (Puccinia graminis (Pers.) f.sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and kept for 2 days at 26 °C where the Sr6 gene is ineffective, treated with blasticidin S, ethionine, polyoxin D, or buffer, and transferred to 19 °C where the Sr6 gene is normally effective. One and 2 days later, leaves were stained with Calcofluor and examined by fluorescence microscopy to detect autofluorescing necrotic host cells and Calcofluor-stained stem rust colonies.Blasticidin S was phytotoxic to wheat leaves at concentrations that had no effect on fungal growth during the first 2 days after treatment. At later stages, extensive host necrosis, resulting from the phytotoxicity of this antibiotic, inhibited rust development.Ethionine and polyoxin D strongly inhibited rust development at concentrations that were not phytotoxic. In genotypically resistant leaves treated with ethionine ...

Groundnut rust occurrence and foliar disease control in Zambia.

Abstract: Groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) is widely spread in Zambia and is a new threat to groundnut crops in Africa. Fungicides tested for Cercospora control were also effective when both rust and leafspot occurred and yield increases up to 102% were obtained. The most effective chemicals were chlorothalonil, mancozeb plus benomyl and a mixture of mancozeb, benomyl and fentin.

General Resistance Displayed by Three Hard Red Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars to Leaf Rust

Abstract: STATLER, G. D., J. E. WATKINS, and J. NORDGAARD. 1977. General resistance displayed by three hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars to leaf rust. Phytopathology 67: 759-762. Hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, AIR. The high correlation for AIR between the flag, flag-I, Justin, Fortuna, and Tioga with susceptible reaction types to and lower leaves indicated that rate of rust development on a Puccinia recondita tritici, which causes leaf rust were given cultivar could be measured on any leaf. Yields of Justin, evaluated for general resistance. Percentage disease severity Fortuna, and Tioga were not increased by controlling leaf and reaction type were evaluated periodically. Logit analyses rust with systemic fungicide but yields of Thatcher were of disease progress curves were computed to compare the usually increased significantly. General resistance was apparent infection rate (AIR) for several cultivars. Cultivars indicated for Justin, Fortuna, and Tioga since they always Justin, Fortuna, and Tioga consistently exhibited less leaf exhibited a slower rate of rust development and lower rust rust in the field and slower rates of rust development than severities at the end of the evaluation period than did Thatcher. Rust increased earlier in the season and more Thatcher. The general resistance displayed by these cultivars rapidly on Thatcher than on the other cultivars. The high apparently provides partial protection against leaf rust correlation coefficient between AIR and rust severity infection under North Dakota conditions. indicated final rust severity could be used as an indication of Additional key words: Indar, horizontal resistance, slow rusting. For several years we have been evaluating wheat consistently display a lower rate of rust development and cultivars that exhibit susceptible reactions to Puccinia provide adequate protection against the natural leaf rust recondita Rob. ex. Desm. f. sp. tritici in the greenhouse population. The plots were planted in a randomized block and field but which do not develop severe rust symptoms design. Indar [(RH-124) 4-n-butyl 1-1, 2, 4-triazole, under field conditions. Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, PA 19105], was used Low rust severities can be due to a reduced rate of rust to control P. recondita tritici in half the plots. The rate development; i.e., slow rusting. MacKenzie (4) described was 0.45 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ hectare (ha) in 1972 slow rusting as a reduced rate of epidemic acceleration, and 0.67 kg a.i./ha in 1973, 1974, and 1975. Indar was He reasoned that slow rusters should have a lower applied as a foliar spray in 83 liters of water/ ha at the apparent infection rate when compared to susceptible three-leaf stage. Each plot was 3.65 m long and 0.91 m cultivars subjected to the same pathogen populations wide with a 0.31 m spacing between rows. under the same environmental condition. Hooker (3) Data reported herein are for natural infection. No cited slight differences in incubation time, a slower inoculum was introduced at any time during the 4-yr increase of rust on certain cultivars, small uredia, and study. The percentage severity and reaction type of each reduced sporulation to be characteristic of slow-rusting cultivar was evaluated by the modified Cobb scale (5) cultivars. every 3 or 4 days after the initial infection occurred. The This study was conducted to compare the rate of rust values reported for five evaluation dates, respectively, are increase and the rust severity at the final evaluation date averages of four replications. with yields of susceptible, resistant, and slow-rusting hard Logit analysis of disease progress was used to compare red spring wheats. cultivars (6, 8). The apparent infection rates (AIR) were derived from linear regression analysis of logit severity MATERIALS AND METHODS with time. The AIR values are based on a per day increase. Correlation coefficients were computed between Five cultivars of hard red spring wheat were planted at AIR and the percentage severity at the final evaluation Casselton, North Dakota each spring from 1972 through date for each cultivar. Correlation coefficients among the 1975 to determine if cultivars with susceptible reactionAIR values also were computed for the top (flag) leaf, leaf types but with lower rust severity than Thatcher would below the top leaf (flag-I), and lower leaves. An analysis of variance was used to obtain LSD values for percentage Copyright © 1977 The American Phytopathological Society, 3340 rust severity (Table 1) and for AIR values (Table 2). Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121. All rights reserved. Wheat cultivars were harvested separately when

Multipurpose lubricating oil additive and compositions containing same

Abstract: A new class of compositions, tetrahydropyrimidyl-substituted compounds, useful as ashless bases and rust inhibitors, is prepared by reacting a C 3 - to C 50 amine containing a 1,3-diaminopropane group with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid at a temperature of 150° to 250° C. for 10 to 100 hours.

A preliminary comparison of benodanil and MEB 6447 for control of leaf rust of barley

Abstract: The use of benodanii and MEB 6447 for control of leaf rust of barley caused by Puccinia hordei Otth was evaluated. Trials conducted in 1976/77 showed that leaf rust can cause significant yield reductions and that MEB 6447 was more effective than benodanil for rust control at recommended rates.

Waterrsoluble filmmforming rustproof compositions

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a film-forming rustproof composition which exhibits the rustproofing effect for a long time, and can be removed only by washing with water after the accomplishment of purposes, without requiring post;treatments, by adding a rust preventive to a composition prepared by modifying a carboxylic acid (anhydride) polymer with an aqueous alkali.

Coating of inorganic zinc coating compound for manufacture of large-sized structures

Abstract: PURPOSE: To simplify the coating work of inorganic zinc coating compound in the manufacture of large-sized structures and to save labor, by treating the grounds of blocks assembled from structural materials and block connecting parts in ships, by coating the blocks with a rust preventive undercoating compound of inorganic zinc type, followed by coating with an inorganic zinc coating compound. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio

Pipe joint with resin coating

Abstract: PURPOSE:A screw fastening type pipe joint of which inner side tapered face for the clamping is prepared with rust prevention coating resin thus obtaining easy manufacturing.