Showing papers on "Rust published in 1989"
TL;DR: In this paper, the morphology and growth characteristics of rust phases formed on ASTM A-588 weathering steel in three different types of laboratory tests (AAEST), salt fog test, and continuous immersion test in plain as well as salt water) are analyzed using microstructural information obtained from representative exposed specimens studied in a scanning electron microscope.
97 citations
TL;DR: The genetics of resistance to Rust in cereals from a Canadian perspective is discussed in this article. But the authors do not discuss the effects of weather conditions on the resistance of cereals.
Abstract: (1989). Genetics of Resistance to Rust in Cereals from a Canadian Perspective. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 78-85.
50 citations
Patent•
31 Jan 1989TL;DR: An esterification product obtained by reacting ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer with a long-chain monocarboxylic acid, when employed as a supplemental rust inhibitor in lubricating oils for internal combustion engines, has been found to furnish excellent rust inhibition in the engines and to be compatible with other components in the lubricating oil.
Abstract: An esterification product obtained by reacting ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer with a long-chain monocarboxylic acid, when employed as a supplemental rust inhibitor in lubricating oils for internal combustion engines, has been found to furnish excellent rust inhibition in the engines and to be compatible with other components in the lubricating oils. A lubricating oil composition containing such product may be used to inhibit rust formation in an internal combustion engine.
45 citations
TL;DR: Eugen broth as a culture medium enhanced the germination and reduced the incidence of rust pustules on inoculated leaves antagonistic effect compared with cultures produced in nutrient broth.
Abstract: Rytter, J. L., Lukezic, F. L., Craig, R., and Moorman, G. W. 1989. Biological control of geranium rust by Bacillus subtilis. Phytopathology 79:367-370. Twelve strains of Bacillus were isolated from the leaves of geranium area, followed by the washed bacterial cell treatment. Nutrients affected the cultivars and tested for their effect on spore germination of Puccinia pathogen/antagonist interaction. Cells cultured and applied to leaves in pelargonii-zonalis, the causal agent of geranium rust. Of these, strain 3 of B. nutrient broth were more effective in reducing rust development compared subtilis, isolated from a rust-infected geranium leaf, inhibited spore with a culture filtrate. Eugon broth as a culture medium enhanced the germination and reduced the incidence of rust pustules on inoculated leaves antagonistic effect compared with cultures produced in nutrient broth. in the greenhouse. The inhibitory agent(s) was present in the culture filtrate When bacteria were applied for different periods before inoculation with of strain 3 and was retained in or on washed bacterial cells. The culture rust spores, the antagonistic effect persisted for at least 4 days after filtrate was most inhibitory in decreasing the amount of pustules per leaf application.
43 citations
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Biffen (1905), working with yellow rust, provided the first evidence that resistance to a pathogen could be controlled by a single, Mendelian gene.
Abstract: Biffen (1905), working with yellow rust, provided the first evidence that resistance to a pathogen could be controlled by a single, Mendelian gene. He showed that resistance to yellow rust in Rivet wheat was controlled by one recessive gene.
41 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided of virulence-gene adaptation of M. lini to different host species and of adaptation on a broad geographic scale within a host species.
Abstract: Melampsora lini, the causal agent of rust disease on flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum), also occurs on the indigenous Australian species Linum marginale. Forty-five isolates of M. lini collected from L. marginale plants at 21 locations were tested for pathogenicity on 46 lines of L. marginale that originated from 22 sites spanning the same range (approximately 2000 km) covered by the rust isolate collection sites. The results reveal the existence of extensive variation in both host and pathogen. Rust isolates originating from different sites possessed unique virulence patterns in all cases. Among the host lines, 21 different phenotypes were identified. Lines from six sites were susceptible to all isolates, but no line was resistant to all isolates. The results, together with those of a companion study, provide evidence of virulence-gene adaptation of M. lini to different host species and of adaptation on a broad geographic scale within a host species. The rust reaction data suggest that the N gene fo...
40 citations
TL;DR: The somaclonal variation for leaf rust resistance was of a race-specific nature because of the interaction between somaclone and race for two traits, latent period and uredinial number.
Abstract: Forty eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) plants, derived by leaf callus regeneration in vitro (somaclones), were tested for their reaction to two races of Melampsora medusae, using the leaf disk assay. A significant interaction between somaclone and race was observed for two traits, latent period and uredinial number; thus the somaclonal variation for leaf rust resistance was of a race-specific nature
32 citations
Journal Article•
29 citations
TL;DR: Development of bean rust in time and space was studied during 1986 and 1987 in a field containing 77 rows of snap beans, and primary disease gradients were described well by a power law.
Abstract: Development of bean rust in time and space was studied during 1986 and 1987 in a 30 x 60-m field containing 77 rows of snap beans. The center row was inoculated and served as a 30-m line source, approximately perpendicular to the prevailing wind. Bean rust pustules were counted on the center leaflet of all trifoliolate leaves of plants at distances of 0.8 to 29.5 m from the source during the course of the epidemics. Primary disease gradients were described well by a power law. (...)
26 citations
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Mossbauer spectrum of FeSO3−3H2O was used to establish the composition of the rust layer formed on weathering steel and pure iron under several wet-dry cycles in a SO2polluted atmosphere.
Abstract: Mossbauer spectroscopy (MBS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to establish the composition of the rust layer formed on weathering steel and pure iron under several wet-dry cycles in a SO2-polluted atmosphere. FeSO3−3H2O, FeSO4−4H2O, and poorly crystalline ferrihydrite were identified as the only corrosion products. The Mossbauer spectrum of FeSO3−3H2O is reported.
TL;DR: A portable instrument was developed for nondestructive and quantitative evaluation of the protective properties of rust films on weathering steel as discussed by the authors, and a database of rust conditions were accumulated, and an empirical criterion for the patina condition was clarified.
Abstract: In order to assess the protective properties of rust films formed on weathering steel, electrochemical AC impedance and harmonic current measurements were made in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution, and an equivalent circuit for rusted weathering steel was obtained. Through analysis of the equivalent circuit, the protective properties of rust films were found to be dominated by ion migration resistance through the rust films. Based on these results, a portable instrument was developed for nondestructive and quantitative evaluation of the protective properties of rust films on weathering steel. Many existing structures and test pieces made of weathering steel exposed throughout Japan were inspected by this instrument, and a database of rust conditions were accumulated. Through the analysis of the database, an empirical criterion for the patina condition was clarified. The application of this instrument to a field structure is also reported.
TL;DR: Two accessions of the A. E. Watkins wheat collection were studied genetically for their resistance to leaf rust and a dominant gene that gives a fleck infection type reaction to all the isolates of leaf rust used is tentatively assigned.
Abstract: Two accessions, V336 and V618, of the A. E. Watkins wheat (Triticum aestivum) collection were studied genetically for their resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). The two accessions have in common a dominant gene that gives a fleck infection type reaction to all the isolates of leaf rust used. This gene may be a previously unidentified gene and we have tentatively assigned the gene symbol LrW. Both accessions also have gene Lr33 and V336 has LrB.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, leaf rust resistance
Patent•
29 Mar 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, a temporary rust resistant coating composition was proposed, which has excellent rust resistance after heating even at more than 600° C. The temporary rust resisting coating composition of the present invention comprises (A) 10 to 25% by weight of a binder having an ignition loss of not more than 33%, (B) 40 to 70% of zinc powder, (C) 5 to 50% of an inorganic oxide pigment which has been heated at not less than 500° C, up to an ignition losses of 3% by Weight; the amounts of the components (
Abstract: The present invention provides a temporary rust resisting coating composition which has excellent rust resistance after heating even at more than 600° C. and which has good weldability. The temporary rust resisting coating composition of the present invention comprises (A) 10 to 25% by weight of a binder having an ignition loss of not more than 33% by weight, (B) 40 to 70% by weight of zinc powder, (C) 5 to 50% by weight of an inorganic oxide pigment which has been heated at not less than 500° C. up to an ignition loss of 3% by weight; the amounts of the components (A), (B) and (C) being based on a dried film.
TL;DR: The effects of the combinations of leaf rust inoculation at different growth stages and initial inoculum levels on leaf rust development and yield of winter wheat cultivars, McNair 1003 and Coker 762 were evaluated.
Abstract: The effects of the combinations of leaf rust inoculation at different growth stages and initial inoculum levels on leaf rust development and yield of winter wheat cultivars, McNair 1003 and Coker 762 were evaluated. Disease onset stage and initial inoculum level affected the rate of leaf rust development and shape of the disease progress curves in both cultivars. Epidemics with common onset stages and different initial inoculum levels differed in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Leaf rust epidemics initiated at Feeke's growth stages 5, 7, and 10 reduced yield in both cultivars. Leaf rust epidemics initiated early with high inoculum levels had the greatest deleterious effect on yield. Maximum losses due to leaf rust were 30–40 %. Yield loss was directly related to AUDPC when the AUDPC varied from 500 to 1700 in McNair 1003 and from 250 to 1700 in Coker 762. Yield reduction was mainly due to reduction in grain weight.
TL;DR: Two factors apparently contribute to the failure of the L. usitatissimum differentials to detect most of the variation for virulence present in this rust population, which occurs on Linum marginale Cunn.
Abstract: Flax rust, Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lev., occurs on Linum marginale Cunn., the only Linum species indigenous to Australia. Evidence suggests that the rust is native to L. marginale and is not a re...
TL;DR: U.S. agriculture, as well as that of other countries, is continually threatened by the introduct ion of destructive pathogens that are not established in the area.
Abstract: U.S. agriculture, as well as that of other countries, is continually threatened by the introduct ion of destructive pathogens that are not established in the area. A classic example from U.S. agricultural history is the introduction and eradication, then reintroduction in 1984, of Xanthomonas campestris pv. cirri (Hasse) Dye, the causal bacterium of citrus canker in Citrus and other species (16,17). Another example is the introduction into the United States in 1979 of Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow, causal fungus of sugarcane rust in interspecific hybrids of Saccharum (1 5). The devastation caused by these pathogens and others is legendary. Many other examples could be given. u
TL;DR: The lower temperature reduced the level of expression of certain L genes in flax conferring resistance to rust, which is opposite to the trend usually observed with temperature sensitive genes in other host-parasite systems.
TL;DR: A field test was conducted to determine the deposition characteristics and biological efficacy of 4 different spray volumes applied at 2.4 km/h with an airblast sprayer for control of the citrus rust mite as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A field test was conducted to determine the deposition characteristics and biological efficacy of 4 different spray volumes applied at 2.4 km/h with an airblast sprayer for control of the citrus rust mite. Five acaricidesand a copper tracer were applied at 4,700, 940, 470, and 235 L/ha. Copper deposition on leaves was determined by colorimetry. Mite population counts were made one week prior to application and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after treatment to estimate residual effect. Spray volume had no significant effect on mean copper deposition and citrus rust mite control. Higher spray volumes showed more uniform coverage than the lower volumes. Acaricidal efficacy differed between compounds, yet all were superior to the untreated check.
TL;DR: A population of loblolly pine seedlings without fusiform rust galls was developed by controlled-cross matings of parent trees with known rust resistance, and subsequent screening of the seedling offspring through artificial inoculation.
Abstract: A population of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings without fusiform rust (Cronartiumquercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme) galls was developed by controlled-cross matings of parent trees with known rust resistance, and subsequent screening of the seedling offspring through artificial inoculation. The seedlings without rust galls then entered a vegetative propagation system using rooted cuttings. A second round of rust testing by artificial inoculation, using a random sample of 20 clones from the program, revealed a high degree of rust resistance (4% galled) compared with that of seedlings from either a resistant control seedlot (50% galled) or a susceptible control seedlot (81% galled). This apparently high degree of rust resistance may be due to genetic effects, rooted cutting morphology, or both.
TL;DR: Eight experimental maize inbreds previously identified as having slow-rusting resistance to southern corn rust on the basis of reduced pustule number, smaller pustules, and delayed pustULE rupture were crossed with a susceptible inbred, CI21.
Abstract: Eight experimental maize (Zea mays) inbreds previously identified as having slow-rusting resistance to southern corn rust (Puccinia polysora) on the basis of reduced pustule number, smaller pustules, and delayed pustule rupture were crossed with a susceptible inbred, CI21. Crosses between some of the slow-rusting inbreds were also made. These two groups of crosses were compared with each other and with resistant and susceptible hybrids under field inoculations. (…)
TL;DR: Corm yield was adversely affected by rust, and weekly applications of bitertanol of triadimefon were necessary to ensure a reasonable yield.
Abstract: Weekly application of bitertanol or triadimefon gave significantly better control of gladiolus rust caused by Uromyces transversalis than did fenarimol and the control and performed better than Oxycarboxin, penconazole, EDTA, CuEDTA, and DTPA. There was a direct relationship between the number of applications and the incidence of rust. Corm yield was adversely affected by rust, and weekly applications of bitertanol of triadimefon were necessary to ensure a reasonable yield