Showing papers on "Schistosoma haematobium published in 1974"

Two new field techniques for detection and counting of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine samples, with an evaluation of both methods

Abstract: Two new techniques for the quantitative determination of Schistosoma haematobium egg densities in urine samples, the first using sedimentation and the second filtration, have been developed and evaluated. In the first method the concentrated sediment is examined in a counting chamber under a low-power microscope and in the second method the final concentration achieved by filtration is also examined microscopically. Both procedures are easily carried out under primitive field conditions, while retaining their reproducibility and reliability. The techniques can be useful in mass surveys of populations suffering from schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis in north-western Ghana.

Abstract: A survey of 8 274 people in the Ghana-2101 project area showed that 12% were passing ova of Schistosoma haematobium in the urine, the infection rate rising to a peak of 34% in males 15-19 years of age. S. mansoni, despite the wide distribution of its potential intermediate host, was not encountered in 1 698 boys examined for it. Urinary schistosomiasis in northern Ghana is focal in character and is usually contracted in standing water during the dry season. A method of control was developed that depends on the identification of localities subject to relatively intense and prolonged transmission, followed by dry season mollusciciding of the water sources in each locality infested with the snail hosts. Two such control cycles were carried out in 30 localities. The results suggest that selective, dry season, focal control of schistosomiasis can be effective in reducing transmission.

Urinary-tract lesions of Schistosoma haematobium with detailed radiographic consideration of the ureter.

Abstract: Urography was performed on 153 patients with urinary schistosomiasis. All urograms were abnormal. The most frequent finding (116 of 128 examinations) was postvoiding retention of urine; 93 patients had obstruction. Ureteral stenosis, ureterolithiasis, and bladder calcification were significantly associated with obstruction (p <0.05). Analysis of the right and left upper and lower ureteral segments revealed that calcification and stenosis occurred primarily in the left lower segment. The occurrence and mean dilatation of ureterectasis were similar in all segments. A distribution of lesions by age indicated that polypoid lesions progressed to fibrotic calcified lesions, with an associated decrease in egg output.

Epididymitis due to Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Abstract: Four cases of Schistosoma haematobium-infection of the epididymis are reported. Histological examination showed an intense granulomatous infiltration of the epididymis with calcified eggs of Schistosoma haematobium.

C-type viral particles in a urinary bladder neoplasm induced by Schistosoma haematobium.

Abstract: NEOPLASMS may be induced in nonhuman primates after infection with Schistosoma haematobium (refs 1 and 2 and unpublished results of R. E. K., A. W. Cheever, B. J. Myers, S. W. Young and J. A. Moore). After various times, masses develop within the urinary bladders of the hosts, ranging from hyperplasia to papillary carcinoma as determined histopathologically. Although the basic mechanism of tumour induction in such cases is not known, the many factors involved could include stimulation of endogenous virus infections. It is therefore interesting that we have now found C-type viral particles in one out of four papillary carcinomas of capuchin (Cebus sp.) monkeys experimentally infected with S. haematobium. None were seen in two infected animals that developed only hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. Previous examination of normal bladder tissue has failed to demonstrate similar C-type viruses. For electron microscopy and infection of the animals with S. haematobium we used published methods1,3,4. The bladders were taken from monkeys previously infected with S. haematobium (Table 1). Histological evaluation based on examination of biopsy samples is also provided (Table 1).