Showing papers on "Skin Carcinoma published in 2021"

Diagnosing different types of skin carcinoma based on their optical properties: A Monte-Carlo implementation

Abstract: Skin cancer is a very common and serious type of cancers worldwide. Among many kinds of non-melanoma skin cancers, Basel Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma are highly treatable in case of early detection. Various Diagnosing techniques are employed to detect skin cancer, such as dermoscopy, OCT, biopsy and physical examination according to the medical case. However, the non-invasive optical methods are gaining validity due to their competitive advantages including safety and functionality. In addition, they are painless and high sensitive to the examined tissue metabolic changes. The propagation of light in any biological tissue is controlled be its optical absorption and scattering properties that highly depend on the wavelength of the utilized light. Monte-Carlo simulation is a forward numerical method used to describe light propagation in biological tissues depending on their optical parameters. In this work, Monte-Carlo simulation method was implemented to characterize the light propagation in normal dermis, Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinoma, Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in order to differentiate healthy from cancerous tissues. The obtained results provided information about the amount of light reflectance, transmittance, absorbed fraction and fluence rate distribution in the examined tissues showing different values at each condition over a wide range of wavelengths, which provide a simple, safe and functional tool for diagnosing these categories of skin carcinoma.

Development and optimization of mannosylated naringenin loaded transfersomes using response surface methodology for skin carcinoma

Abstract: Objective: The flavonoidal drug Naringenin offers a natural defense against free radical generation due to their antioxidant i.e. free radical scavenging property. The continuation of research work towards the invention of targeting the flavonoidal drug for skin carcinoma. Naringenin is a potent antioxidant, having remarkable reactive oxygen species scavenging potential and abundantly found in citrus fruits. Methods: The optimization of the formulated mannosylated naringenin-loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs) was performed using Box–Behnken statistical design to obtain crucial variable parameters that influence vesicular size, size distribution and surface charge. Therefore keeping both the concepts in mind our objective is to design and optimize the mannosylated naringenin loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs) for macropahge targeting. The Box Behnken with 3D surface response design graph was employed to optimize the formulation. Results: Phospholipids and surfactant ratio played a remarkable role to determine the mean vesicular size and the Zeta potential of the vesicles. The Zeta potential is found in the formulation having a range of-18.01±1.05 to-28.7±1.008 mV represents the good stability of the formulation. The vesicles size range was found in the range of 102.4±1.01 to 263.74±0.63 and range of Entrapment efficiency of nanovesicles was as 72.04±1.53 to 82.04±0.81. In vitro drug release study shows that mannosylated naringenin loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs), and marketed formulation dispersion was found 69.31 %, 62.03 %, 58.71 %, and 65.02 % respectively. Ex vivo skin permeation and deposition study shows that the marketed product and pure drug suspension optimized transfersomes through the skin of mice was of flux 6.5±3.07 and the percentage of drug retention was 0.76±1.26. The results gave us strong evidence of cellular uptake bymannose–directed transfersomes via mannose receptor-based endocytosis. Conclusion: On the basis of findings, the study revealed that the prepared formulation has characteristic potential for targeting and the concept of ligand directed nanocarrier formulation was imparts synergistic effect against UV-induced skin carcinoma.

Rare Anal Canal Cancer with Secondary Extramammary Paget's Disease (Pagetoid Spread) Complicated by Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin.

Abstract: A 91-year-old man had a node and erythema in the anal area resistant to treatment. A biopsy of the node in the anus showed atypical cells developing as Paget's disease, and staining revealed that the cells were CK7-positive, CK20-positive, and GCDFP15-negative. Therefore, tumor invasion with pagetoid spread (PS) from the anus to the skin was suspected, and the patient was referred to our department for a close examination and surgical treatment. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed edematous, hemorrhagic mucosa in the anal canal, and he was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma via a biopsy. Additionally, redness and swelling with white moss were observed on the skin around the anus. Biopsy showed that Paget cells were diffusely present in the epithelium, and an image of squamous cell carcinoma directly under the epithelium was obtained. Taken together, the patient was diagnosed with the invasion of anal canal cancer with PS to the skin, and we performed laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and skin carcinoma resection in the perineum. The histopathological analysis showed adenocarcinoma invading the external anal sphincter and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the vicinity of the pectinate line of the anal canal. Pagetoid spread of the adenocarcinoma was observed in the epidermis, and the open portion was slightly invaded up to the rectal mucosa. The anal skin region of the adenocarcinoma partially continued to the hair follicles, and it was complicated by squamous cell carcinoma invading the dermis. There are a few reports of anal canal cancer with PS, and the coexistence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, as seen in the present case, is rare. We report our case together with relevant literature.

Precursors of Skin Carcinoma

Abstract: There are skin growths which are benign at onset but have malignant potential long term. Therefore, these lesions are excised or followed up closely when detected. Cutaneous horn, naevus sebaceous, oral submucous fibrosis, lichen sclerosis and keratoacanthoma are discussed in this chapter.