Showing papers on "Sleep disorder published in 1971"
TL;DR: Sleep data from chronic alcoholics have indicated that sleep disturbance represents an important aspect of alcoholic detoxification, and previous studies have been complicated by problems of poor diet, uncertain time for onset of withdrawal, or a limited time schedule for controlled withdrawal.
Abstract: Sleep data from chronic alcoholics have indicated that sleep disturbance represents an important aspect of alcoholic detoxification. Previous studies have been complicated by problems of poor diet, uncertain time for onset of withdrawal, or a limited time schedule for controlled withdrawal. This stu
71 citations
Journal Article•
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TL;DR: Sleep can be induced by hypnotic suggestion even to the cure of some forms of insomnia, and the hypnotic state itself readily passes into a state of sleep.
Abstract: IN an address on sleep and hypnosis delivered at a meeting of Section J (Psychology) of the British Association at Aberdeen, Dr. William Brown pointed out that although there are marked contrasts between hypnosis and sleep, there is also a close connexion. The muscles in sleep are in a state of relaxation, and in hypnosis in a state of rigidity. In sleep the knee-jerks become less pronounced and eventually disappear: in the hypnotic state, however deep, they remain undiminished. There are other differences; for example, in sleep the subject is unable to respond to a suggestion to perform a simple act, whereas even in deep hypnosis such obedience is readily forthcoming. But in spite of these contrasts, Dr. Brown holds that there is a close connexion between the two states. Sleep can be induced by hypnotic suggestion even to the cure of some forms of insomnia, and the hypnotic state itself readily passes into a state of sleep. Sleep-walking is a spontaneously occurring phenomenon closely analogous to what is induced in a good hypnotic subject. A person who frequently walks in his sleep is, as a rule, exceptionally easy to hypnotise, and in the hypnotic state the dreams of the somnambulist may be recalled and the abnormal condition often rectified.
60 citations
TL;DR: It was found that the administration of daytime chlorpromazine (100 mg) had no direct effect on sleep as compared to placebo, and bedtime chlor Promazine was associated with significant changes in various sleep parameters.
Abstract: The effect of chlorpromazine on nine patients with sleep disturbance was investigated. The results showed that chlorpromazine given at bedtime coincided with a marked increase in actual sleep time as exemplified by a significant decrease in intermittent wakefulness. Total REM time was increased proportionately to the increase in actual sleep. In a more extensive study in four patients, it was found that the administration of daytime chlorpromazine (100 mg) had no direct effect on sleep as compared to placebo. In contrast, bedtime chlorpromazine was associated with significant changes in various sleep parameters. That the time course of chlorpromazine administration is responsible for the differential effect on sleep is supported by the preliminary investigation with plasma chlorpromazine levels.
50 citations
TL;DR: The findings from this and earlier studies indicate that the sleep disturbance in hospitalized depressed patients is pervasive and affects most parameters of sleep.
Abstract: We report the study of 6 hospitalized depressed patients studied for a total of 153 nights in the sleep laboratory. While there is considerable intersubject and intrasubject variability, the findings from this and earlier studies indicate that the sleep disturbance in hospitalized depressed patients
27 citations
TL;DR: There is a striking similarity between the sleep pattern of this patient and that recorded from psychotic depressives, and this may be of importance in furthering the understanding of the relationship between mania and depression.
Abstract: The sleep pattern of a hypomanic patient, was studied for 17 of 25 consecutive nights during which time he received no drug therapy. There was a marked reduction in actual sleep time and in slow-wave sleep and a modest reduction in stage 1 rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. There was increase in time awake and drowsy, and there was an abnormal mixture of wave forms. There is a striking similarity between the sleep pattern of this patient and that recorded from psychotic depressives. This may be of importance in furthering our understanding of the relationship between mania and depression.
26 citations
TL;DR: Some miscellaneous conditions, such as dyskinesias, cerebrovascular accidents, migraine, and memory and repair functions have been considered, and much of this new knowledge has a direct diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
Abstract: This brief review documents some of the important contributions of recent sleep research to the understanding of a number of neurological conditions. Narcoleptic attacks have been shown to be either episodes of NREM or REM sleep; and cataplexy, sleep paralysis and vivid hypnagogic hallucinations consist of dissociated or inappropriate REM sleep. Important relationships of the hypersomnias and various comas to sleep mechanisms are being increasingly elucidated. Various types of epileptic seizures have been found to be affected differentially by the two types of sleep and by arousal from them; and sleep deprivation may activate or perpetuate epilepsy. Finally, some miscellaneous conditions, such as dyskinesias, cerebrovascular accidents, migraine, and memory and repair functions have been considered. As well as being of pathophysiological interest, much of this new knowledge has a direct diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
23 citations
TL;DR: The sleep-wakefulness patterns of 257 Mexican males and females ranging in age from the 20s to 80s was studied using a questionnaire as mentioned in this paper, and the average duration of sleep exceeded that typically prescribed for other Western cultures (8 hours per 24).
Abstract: The sleep-wakefulness patterns of 257 Mexican males and females ranging in age from the 20s to 80s was studied using a questionnaire. The average duration of sleep exceeded that typically prescribed for other Western cultures (8 hours per 24), and significantly varied with age decreasing from the 20s to 50s, after which there was an increase. There was a significantly greater incidence of sleep disturbance in subjects over 50 Compared to the other Ss the post-awakening mood of those with sleep disturbance and those over 50 was described by a significantly greater frequency of negative affect. Significant age and sex differences were found for the frequency of dream recall. The duration and frequency of daytime naps in Ss of all age groups revealed the presence of a polycyclic sleep-wakefulness cycle which has not been reported with such generality in other Western cultures.
21 citations
01 Jan 1971
5 citations
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of noise on sleep and post-sleep behavior in two 25, 50, and 70 year-old males were investigated for 15 consecutive nights, the first five and the fifteenth serving as controls.
Abstract: : The study investigated the effects of noise on sleep and post-sleep behavior in two 25, 50, and 70 year-old males. The subjects were run for 15 consecutive nights, the first five and the fifteenth serving as controls. Following each night's sleep, subjects completed a series of performance and psychological tests. Threshold sound levels for sleep disturbance were obtained for an impulse and a continuous test noise and discussed in terms of type of sleep disturbance stage of sleep, time of night, adaptation, and age of subjects. The sleep profile results indicated that the pattern of noise-induced sleep disruption was related to age. The 25-year olds showed an increase in stage 1 and movement time. The 70-year olds showed an increase in time awake and a decrease in time spent in stage 3-4. The 50-year old subjects were intermediate with respect to each measure. The daytime performance data revealed no effects of noise-induced sleep disruption on pursuit rotor and reaction time tasks but some decrements were found in time estimation, arithmetic, and memory task measures. In addition, verbal sample scores demonstrated an increase in cognitive impairment and a decrease in human relations. (Author)
4 citations
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TL;DR: Preliminary results of current research indicate a relationship between various diseases and sleep that is manifested in both physiologic and psychologic disorders that could have implications for the treatment of these disorders.
Abstract: The sleep state is essentially composed of two parts-the first, the vegetative state or the nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) stage; and the second, the activated sleep state or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Each stage of sleep has a definite electroencephalographic pattern. This makes it possible to study physiologic changes which occur in each stage, to observe the behavioral and emotional results of sleep deprivation in each stage, and to identify the effect of specific factors, such as drugs, on each stage. Preliminary results of current research indicate a relationship between various diseases and sleep that is manifested in both physiologic and psychologic disorders. If these findings are confirmed, the next step will be to identify the cause-effect nature of the relationship which could have implications for the treatment of these disorders. An EEG is the summation of the electrical discharges of the brain neurons as recorded from the surface of the skull. High frequency. low voltage EEG waves result from many neurons discharging asynchronously. This pattern is seen in Stage I non-REM. Stage I-REM and Stage II sleep. Low frequency, high voltage EEG waves occur when a large number of neurons discharge synchronously. This pattern characterizes Stage III and Stage IV sleep.