Showing papers on "Sleep disorder published in 1978"

Sleep disorders: Diagnosis and treatment

Abstract: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Classification of Sleep Disorders Insomnia: Diagnosis and Treatment Sleep Apnea Syndromes and Related Sleep Disorders Nocturnal Myoclonus and Restless Legs Syndrome Narcolepsy Pathologies of the Sleep-Wake Schedule Parasomnias Sleep in Depression Sleep and Schizophrenia Sleep and Anxiety Advances and Methodology in the Study of Dreaming Sleep in Clinical Neurology Sleep Disturbances in Various Medical and Surgical Conditions Ageing and Sleep Disorders Sleep Disorders Associated with Drug Abuse and Drugs of Abuse Pharmacological Treatment of Sleep Disorders.

Prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among adolescents.

Abstract: • The Stanford Sleep Inventory was given to 639, 11th- and 12th-grade students to assess the prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among an adolescent population. Of the sample reported, 49.8% had no sleep problems, whereas 37.6% reported occasional sleep disturbance and 12.6% reported chronic and severe sleep disturbance. Students complaining of disturbed sleep were more likely than good sleepers to describe negatively their physical and personality characteristics. The clinical implications of these data for developing educationally-based nondrug treatment of the complaint of insomnia among adolescents are discussed. ( Am J Dis Child 132:583-586, 1978)

Sleep habits of children and the identification of pathologically sleepy children.

Abstract: Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness have been investigated only minimally in children. The sleep habits of 218 children, ages 10-13 years, were surveyed by a sleep habits questionnaire (SHQ). Our results demonstrate that total night time sleep on school nights begins to fall in early adolescence, whereas it remains relatively stable on non-school nights. Daytime sleepiness is not a common problem in this age group, in contrast to a college age population. We conclude that in adolescence chronic sleep deficits begin to occur which cumulatively affect later functioning. The potential use of the SHQ for depicting pathological sleepiness is also discussed.

Polysomnographic Recording Techniques Used for the Diagnosis of Sleep Disorders in a Sleep Disorders Center

Abstract: (1978). Polysomnographic Recording Techniques Used for the Diagnosis of Sleep Disorders in a Sleep Disorders Center. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 107-132.

The measurement of change in sleep during depression and remission.

Abstract: Sleep disturbances, which are a prominent symptom of depressive illness, were analyzed in endogenously depressed patients during depression and during full remission. These disturbances may be described at the level of sleep stages, at the level of the sleep profile, and at the level of consecutive sleep records. The scoring of sleep stages in sleep records of depressive patients provides difficulties, because the temporal coherence of different electrophysiological descriptors of sleep is weakened during depression. The sleep profile of depressed patients is characterized by alterations in the normal sequence of sleep stages and frequent stage changes. The disturbances in the sleep profile are unstable in that they show marked day to day fluctuations. It could be shown in some patients that there is a correlation between parameters of the first REM sleep phase and urinary free cortisol excretion in corresponding nights.

Comparative evaluation of hypnotic efficacy of flunitrazepam in psychiatric in-patients.

Abstract: Flunitrazepam in 2-mg and 4-mg doses was compared with flurazepam 30 mg and nitrazepam 10 mg for hypnotic efficacy in a double-blind, multiple cross-over trial involving 41 psychiatric in-patients. In the vast majority of comparisons involving a number of sleep parameters differences did not reach significance level. Flunitrazepam 4 mg tended to produce the shortest latency time and the longest duration of sleep but also the most side-effects. Nitrazepam 10 mg appeared to have a slight advantage over the other drugs in terms of patient preference. For severe sleep disturbance flunitrazepam 2 mg tended to be the most satisfactory drug in terms of efficacy and paucity of side-effects.

Sleep and its Disorders

Abstract: Our knowledge of sleep has grown a great deal lately, and we are now in a better position to understand and treat the disorders that go with it (Kleitman, 1963; Kales, 1969; Priest, 1973; Freeman, 1973; Oswald, 1975; Psych. Med. 1975). In the course of this chapter I shall deal with such varied matters as night terrors, sleepwalking, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, drug dependence, delirium tremens and the action of psychotropic drugs.

Depressed College Students and Tricyclic Antidepressant Therapy.

Abstract: Charts of all outpatients (n = 267) seen during three consecutive months of 1977 by a university student mental health clinic were retrospectively reviewed for reports of depression. Over one-fourth of university students (n = 76) seen during this period were noted to present with significant symptoms and signs of depression. Charts of depressed patients were further analyzed for distribution by final diagnostic category, demographic data, and treatment outcome results. The majority of depressed patients were diagnosed as depressive neurosis while the second most common diagnosis was adjustment reaction. A significant proportion of patients with a final diagnosis of depressive neurosis had initially been diagnosed as adjustment reaction. Vegetative signs of depression were Infrequently noted In patients with adjustment reaction. These patients were usually treated with psychotherapy alone and showed symptomatic Improvement in one-half of cases. Vegetative signs, especially sleep disturbance, were...

Psychobiology and Pathologies of Human Sleep

Abstract: This review is principally devoted to major sleep pathologies which pose exemplary problems for cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, physiology, internal, and pulmonary medicine. Fundamental information about the psychobiology and biorhythmic aspects of normal nocturnal slumber is presented and related to polygraphic findings on sleep pathology. Clinically significant increases in blood pressure, respiratory rate, cardiac irregularities and gastric acid secretion all occur in phase with the nocturnal sleep cycle. Exacerbations of duodenal ulcer and coronary-artery disease including cardiac arrhythmias at night have all been shown to coincide with REM sleep. Stereotyped abnormal leg movements associated with nocturnal myoclonus are due to activity of anterior tibialis or quadriceps muscles and occur episodically during the entire sleep period especially in the NREM-stages. Sleepiness has frequently been observed to accompany hypothyroidism and stages 3-4 are drastically reduced. The major symptoms of narcaol...

Uncovering the Mysteries of Sleep

Abstract: In recent years, an abnormality of sleep has been described that explains why some patients have daytime hypersomnolence. This disorder is characterized by nocturnal sleep arousals resulting from periodic apneas that disrupt sleep as frequently as several hundred times each night. These numerous sleep interruptions deprive the patient of normal sleep and are thought to be the cause of the daytime hypersomnolence. This sleep abnormality has been accurately termed the "sleep apnea syndrome" by the Stanford University sleep research group. 1 The apneas result mainly from intermittent upper airway obstruction. The arousal is accompanied by a snort or loud snoring (inspiration against a partially obstructed upper airway). The hypotonic upper airway then regains some of its normal tone during this arousal allowing for normal breathing and the return to normal sleep. These cycles of obstructive apneas leading to arousal recur throughout the night. Men are most frequently affected but are

Effect of derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid on sleep disturbances in neuroses

Abstract: Electropolygraphic investigations revealed a tendency in patients with sleep disturbances associated with various forms of neuroses for the total duration of sleep to increase under the influence of derivatives of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), on account of an increase in the principal stages of sleep (second stage, Δ sleep, and fast sleep) and a statistically significant decrease in the number of spontaneous awakenings, in the total duration of wakefulness at night, and in the activation index of movements. Analysis of some of the electrographic indices within the stages of sleep revealed a tendency for the number of sleep spindles to increase in the second stage, an increase in the Δ index in the third and fourth stages of sleep, and an increase in the mean numerical indices of rapid eye movements in the absence of significant changes in their specific occurrence per unit time. GABA derivatives in the doses used cause on the whole similar changes in the structure of sleep in its various disturbances, with sodium hydroxybutyrate having a relatively stronger action.

Sleep disorders and insomnia.

Abstract: Primary sleep disorders include narcolepsy, the Pickwickian syndrome, sleep apnea in infants and other rare conditions. Secondary sleep disorders occur in depression, alcoholism, endocrinopathies, heart failure and pregnancy. Medical symptomatology often increases during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, when physiologic activity is high. Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, requires careful work-up, attempts at environmental manipulation and judicious short-term pharmacotherapy. Pharmacologic manipulation of sleep is beset with complications. A basic understanding of properties and side effects of the sleep-inducing drugs is needed in order to select the optimal agent.

The case of Ann: a sleep disturbance in a 3-year-old child.

Abstract: Ann, a 3 1/2-year-old-girl, was brought to a pediatric clinic for a chronic, severe sleep disturbance which had precipitated a serious family crisis. A developmental interactional approach was used by the pediatrician and a social worker who evaluated her case; the problem formulation included a reciprocal separation issue between Ann and her mother. Over a 2-month period, dynamic casework around the behavior problem revealed an unresolved grief reaction. Intervention resulted in resolution of the sleep disturbance and an untangling of the relationship between Ann and each of her parents.