Showing papers on "Social psychology (sociology) published in 1974"
Book•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In Frame Analysis, the brilliant theorist wrote about the ways in which people determine their answers to the questions What is going on here? and Under what circumstances do we think things are real?.
Abstract: Erving Goffman will influence the thinking and perceptions of generations to come In Frame Analysis, the brilliant theorist writes about the ways in which people determine their answers to the questions What is going on here? and Under what circumstances do we think things are real? "
11,533 citations
Book•
01 Jan 19741,219 citations
TL;DR: For a decade following World War II social psychologists tended to view the individual as an element in a larger system as discussed by the authors, and research on small groups prospered, and attitudes and social perceptions were conceived to be antecedents and consequences of group activity.
241 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical outline and a body of empirical work relating to the processes of social differentiation and social originality is presented, and a brief account of observations made with regard to groups of children in summer camps, laboratory experiments and the results of surveys in the scientific and artistic communities which fit into the theoretical framework.
Abstract: In this article we have presented a theoretical outline and a body of empirical work relating to the processes of social differentiation and social originality.
If, in a competition, someone else seems to possess a decisive advantage or if mere comparison with this other person constitutes a threat to social identity, there are signs, in given conditions, of a tendency to differentiate oneself from the other, to be different or to do something else, to invent new criteria of being or doing with others or to combine accepted criteria in an original way. In other words, one tends to give proof of originality or, to use a Darwinian metaphor, to occupy ‘vacant places’. Doubtless the strategies described here only apply to certain social systems in which the visibility of the agent is an important social value and in which comparison may pose a threat to that identity. The restoring of identity by way of the search for otherness merits the attention of social psychology.
But originality is not necessarily accepted or not necessarily immediately. Innovation may take time, may necessitate the creation of schismatic groups and the waging of battles for recognition, etc.
We give a brief account of observations made with regard to groups of children in summer camps, laboratory experiments and the results of surveys in the scientific and artistic communities which fit into our theoretical framework. It will not be difficult for the reader to see that this article is a first step in a direction which, in our eyes, holds out a great deal of promise.
194 citations
185 citations
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a self-awareness theory was applied to aggression in the presence of a mirror, an audience, or neither, and the results were consistent with the predictions derived from the theory.
170 citations
TL;DR: We industrial psychologists are a curiously introspective lot about our professional selves as discussed by the authors, and for some reason or another we are greatly concerned about what we are doing, how we were doing it, and what we ought to be doing.
Abstract: We industrial psychologists are a curiously introspective lot about our professional selves. For some reason or another we are greatly concerned about what we are doing, how we are doing it, and what we ought to be doing. In the very early days of industrial psychology, our folk heroes, people such as Viteles, Link, Bingham, Paterson, and Burtt, all had their say about the role of industrial psychology and what it should be concerned with. Those of us who formed the next generation continued to insist on telling each other at great length who we are, what matters we ought to consider, and how we should do what we do; and the current generation has continued this custom of a periodic auditing of our field. T propose now to continue this custom, and I shall discuss a rather mixed bag of matters that I believe we as industrial psychologists ought to think about. I shall consider some notions about the nature of the variables we use, the study of organizations, the role and nature of theory, the impermanence of facts, and individual differences and individuality.
155 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: A review of the sociology of sport can be found in this paper, which includes research on sport from the following perspectives: interinstitutional relationships, social stratification, small groups, and social psychology.
Abstract: This review sketches some strengths and weaknesses in the subfield and its potential for generating and testing theoretical frameworks. The analysis includes research on sport from the following perspectives: interinstitutional relationships, social stratification, small groups, and social psychology. In recent years, the sociology of sport has become more sophisticated in terms of research questions posed, research design, quantitative analysis, and cross-cultural comparisons. As one dimension of leisure, sports represent a serious topic for scholarly research to round out our understanding of the human person as a social being.
TL;DR: The authors measured the words that upsets urban college students with GSRs and rating scales and found that they are the most frequently used words that upset students at UCCs, compared to other classes.
Abstract: (1974). Words That Upset Urban College Students: Measured with GSRs and Rating Scales. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 305-306.
TL;DR: This article found that people want information about their ability level more when they anticipate making a decision about an action based on the ability than when the decision has already been made, and the evaluative need is thus primarily a predecision phenomenon.
TL;DR: The appearance of professional management as the dominant means of organizational control in society is referred to as the managerial revolution as discussed by the authors. This required, however, a prior revolution, the appe...
Abstract: The appearance of professional management as the dominant means of organizational control in society is referred to as the managerial revolution. This required, however, a prior revolution—the appe...
01 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a recommitment to values in social work theory and practice is emphasized and alternative research styles, stressing values, are suggested, suggesting that the inappropriate use of logical positivism can be seen in social science research.
Abstract: Values in social work are part of the instrumentality for service delivery and decision making. As an outgrowth of modern science, a value conflict has emerged between humanitarianism (the rights and dignity of the individual) and individualism (the distortion of individual rights into an antisocial mode). Current interpretations of individualism challenge the social value of mutuality upon which the “social” in social work is based Values cannot be “proved” in a logical positivist model of truth. One example of the inappropriate use of logical positivism can be seen in social science research. A recommitment to values in social work theory and practice is emphasized and alternative research styles, stressing values, are suggested.
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt is made to critically analyze the notion of conflict as social psychology has defined it and as Social psychology has developed it with models of non-zero sum games imported from game theory.
Abstract: This study is an attempt, based on historical materialism (the science of the history of social formations), to critically analyze the notion of conflict as social psychology has defined it and as social psychology has developed it with models of non-zero sum games imported from game theory.
Whether it concerns the postulate of conflict resolution (which governs this domain of social psychology), or the ideological foundations of the notion of conflict, the structure of a game of the ‘PDG’ type and the imaginary trap it orms, or even the staging which the psycho-sociologist produces in utilizing this model, it is shown that this whole proceeding is an ideological construction which functions principally as an obstacle to true scientific knowledge of the field it covers — which can be defined as constituted by the relationships between the subjective and the political — and secondly as the raw material for a theory of ideology, which is understood as having the double function of recognition and misappreciation.
Both tasks demand intensive theoretical study as part of the development of storical materialism and, from that point of view, this work should be considered only as a preliminary study.
TL;DR: In this paper, a behavior coding system for scoring mutuality in interpersonal behavior and demonstrates that high degrees of relatedness satisfaction can be produced in a laboratory setting using role-playing activities based on actual work experiences described by the men in preexperimental interviews.
Abstract: : Hypotheses pertaining to relatedness satisfaction and desire were derived from E.R.G. theory and tested in an experimental social psychology laboratory setting. Twenty-one adult male middle and upper middle managers participated in role playing activities based upon actual work experiences described by the men in pre-experimental interviews. Three significantly different degrees of mutuality and relatedness satisfaction were created by the role playing. The study presents a new behavior coding system for scoring mutuality in interpersonal behavior and demonstrates that high degrees of relatedness satisfaction can be produced in a laboratory setting. (Author Modified Abstract)