Showing papers on "Sodium chlorate published in 1982"
Patent•
16 Sep 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction zone is subjected to sub-atmospheric pressure and spent reaction medium overflows from reaction zone, so that direct contact between the produced gases and the water to be treated is effected.
Abstract: Chlorine dioxide for waste water treatment is formed by reaction of sodium chlorate, sodium chloride and sulphuric acid at high acidity while the reaction zone is subjected to subatmospheric pressure and spent reaction medium overflows from the reaction zone. The subatmospheric pressure preferably is applied using a water eductor to which the water to be treated is fed, so that direct contact between the produced gases and the water to be treated is effected.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported a significant decrease in seed germination for all treatments except paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), and sodium chlorate: sodium borate (50:50, w/v).
Abstract: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars ‘UFV1’ and ‘UFV2’ grown at Vicosa and Florestal, Brazil, and ‘Bonus' and ‘Wells' at Urbana, Illinois, were sprayed at growth stages R5.5 to R6 (full-pod) or R7 (50% defoliation) with the desiccant/herbicides glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or sodium chlorate:sodium borate (50:50, w/v). Desiccation of plants by paraquat significantly reduced seed weight and germination at all locations and increased the incidence of Alternaria and Phomopsis spp. at Urbana. Analysis of the combined data from the Brazilian locations showed a significant decrease in seed germination for all treatments except paraquat sprayed on the UFV2 at R7 and sodium chlorate: sodium borate sprayed on UFV1 at R7. Herbicide application at R7 did not result in consistent increases in seedborne Fusarium or Phomopsis spp. at any Brazilian location. Rainfall and temperature at seed maturation were more important variables in pod-to-seed infection by these fungi than increased rates of tissue senescence caused by the desiccants.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, single crystals of sodium nitrate, sodium chlorate and bromate were investigated by continuous wave and Fourier transform pulse techniques, and it was suggested that lattice forces lowering the local symmetry at the sodium site are responsible for the observed effects of shielding anisotropy.
Abstract: Single crystals of sodium nitrate, sodium chlorate and sodium bromate were investigated by continuous wave and Fourier transform pulse techniques. The sodium shielding tensors for studied compounds were found from the shift of the central line of23Na triplet, which was measured as a function of the crystal orientation. The shielding appears isotropic in NaNO3 and anisotropic in chlorate and bromate salts; the anisotropies are 0±2, 12±1 and 17±1 ppm respectively. It is suggested that lattice forces lowering the local symmetry at the sodium site are responsible for the observed effects of shielding anisotropy.
6 citations
TL;DR: Sodium chlorate solution was tested at ambient temperature as a stress corrosion cracking (SCC) medium for 72/28 brass as mentioned in this paper, and a constant strain rate technique was used and a rate of 1.5×10−5
Abstract: Sodium chlorate solution was tested at ambient temperature as a stress corrosion cracking (SCC) medium for 72/28 brass. The constant strain rate technique was used and a rate of 1.5×10−5 s...
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic reaction was applied for the determination of microgram amounts of iodide ion in the presence of sodium chlorate at pH between 1.3 and 2.0.
5 citations
Patent•
09 Oct 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, a reagent, prepared by adding a mucilage, e.g. organic acid or seaweeds, a pasteurizer, etc. to an oxidizing agent such as sodium percarbonate, and forming the mixture into a tablet or packaging the mixture with water-resisting paper as a small bag, is used to effectively purify contaminated bath water.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To effectively purify contaminated bath water, by throwing a reagent, prepared by adding a mucilage, e.g. organic acid or seaweeds, a pasteurizer, etc. to an oxidizing agent such as sodium percarbonate, and forming the mixture into a tablet or packaging the mixture with water-resisting paper as a small bag, into the bath water. CONSTITUTION:An oxidizing agent, e.g. sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate, sodium perborate, chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorate or sodium perchlorate, is mixed with an organic acid, an inorganic salt and an organic salt. To the mixture are further added gelatin, casein, alginate, polyacrylic acid, polysaccharides, water-contng. carbon, pectin, seaweeds, etc. in company with an aromatic, a pasteurizer and an adsorbent. The mixture is then formed into a tablet, or sealed in a filtering paper bag such as a tea pack after a foaming agent is added to the mixture if necessary. The tablet or filtering paper bag is thrown into contaminated bath water to purify and deodorize the bath water.
5 citations
Patent•
12 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to enable harmless chemical forming treatment with low public pollution by treating a tin plated can with an aqueous solution containing an orthophosphoric acid type component and a phytinic acid type components in a specific concn.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable harmless chemical forming treatment with low public pollution by treating a tin plated can with an aqueous solution containing an orthophosphoric acid type component and a phytinic acid type component in a specific concn. respectively and having a pH in a specific range. CONSTITUTION:As an orthophosphoric acid type component, there are orthophosphoric acid and salts thereof (Na salt, K salt, Li salt or the like) and at least one thereof is selected in a range of 0.5-10g/l, pref., 1-6g/l as PO4. Further, as a phytinic acid type component, there are phytinic acid and salts thereof (a salt, K salt, Li salt or the like) and at least one thereof is selected in a range of 0.2-2g/l, pref., 0.4-1.5g/l as PO4. Further, a pH is adjusted to 3-5, pref., 3-4. Other than those essential components, if necessary, sodium chlorate and/or potassium chlorate can be added in a range of 0.1-50g/l, pref., 0.5-10g/l.
2 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The total herbicide sodium chlorate may be reduced by the enzyme nitrate reductase to yield the highly reactive and acutely phytotoxic chlorite ion (CIO 2 -): Open image in new window
Abstract: The total herbicide sodium chlorate may be reduced by the enzyme nitrate reductase to yield the highly reactive and acutely phytotoxic chlorite ion (CIO 2 - ):
Open image in new window
This has been shown to be true for Chlorella [1–3], Chlamydomonas [3], and tomato [4]. The same obviously applies to other higher plants which have been used as starting material for the selection of resistant lines, as discussed below. However, CIO 3 does not act as an inducer of nitrate reductase. The alternative reduction of nitrate or clorate by nitrate reductase is a competitive process. The km for chlorate has been estimated as 2.3 mM for Chlamydomonas reinhardii, 1.2 mM for Chlorella vulgaris, 3.9 mM for Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and 4 mM for tomato. The reduction product chlorite leads to the rapid inactivation of nitrate reductase and possibly other enzymes in the vicinity and may thereby display its phytotoxic action.
1 citations
Patent•
12 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for efficiently operating both of a sodium chlorate electrolytic tank and a chlorine-alkali eletrolytic tank by a method wherein stock salt is replenished in a dilute salt water of a cation exchange membrane process was proposed.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To efficiently operate both of a sodium chlorate electrolytic tank and a chlorine-alkali eletrolytic tank by a method wherein stock salt is replenished in a dilute salt water of a cation exchange membrane process chlorine-alkali electrolytic tank and a part of a purified salt water obtained through a purifying process for removing impurities is supplied to a sodium chlorate electrolytic tank. CONSTITUTION:To a dilute salt water of which a concn. is lowered by electrolysis in a chlorine-alkali electrolytic tank 1 divided into an anode chamber 6 and a cathode chamber 7 by a cation exchange membrane 5, water 18 and a stock salt 19 are replenished in a salt dissolving tower 17 and sent to a primary purifying apparatus 20 and a secondary purifying apparatus 21 successively. In the primary purifying apparatus 20, a chemical agent is added and, in the secondary purifying apparatus 21, a chelate ion exchange resin is added to prepar a purified salt water with a salt concn. of 270g/l or more (especially, 300-320g/l). A part of said purified salt water is supplied to a sodium chlorate electrolytic tank 2 through a stagnation tank 23 from a line 22.
1 citations