Showing papers on "Sodium dichromate published in 1983"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The lung and kidney may be more sensitive than liver to chromium-induced DNA damage, an observation which correlates with the reported toxicity and carcinogenicity data for chromium(VI) in both animals and humans.
Abstract: DNA lesions were detected in rat organ nuclei following an i.p. injection of sodium dichromate. Kidney, liver, and lung nuclei were examined for DNA interstrand cross-links, strand breaks, and DNA-protein cross-links using the alkaline elution technique. The time course for formation of cross-links in kidney nuclei revealed the presence of DNA interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links 1 hr after injection of sodium dichromate. By 40 hr in kidney, DNA interstrand cross-links had been repaired, but DNA-protein cross-links persisted. In liver nuclei, the time course for formation of cross-links after injection of dichromate showed a maximum in DNA-protein cross-linking at 4 hr and a maximum in DNA interstrand cross-linking at 2 hr. By 36 hr, in the liver, both types of lesions had been repaired. In lung nuclei, both DNA interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links were observed 1 hr after dichromate injection; however, by 36 hr, only DNA-protein cross-links persisted. No DNA lesions were detectable in kidney 1 hr after an i.p. injection of chromium(III) chloride. Chromium distribution in rat kidney, liver, and lung was measured and is discussed with respect to the observed DNA lesions. The lung and kidney may be more sensitive than liver to chromiuminduced DNA damage, an observation which correlates with the reported toxicity and carcinogenicity data for chromlum(VI) in both animals and humans.
152 citations
TL;DR: The direct mutagenicity of Cr(VI) was markedly decreased, through NADPH-requiring mechanisms, by rat-liver S9 fractions and, to a lower extent, by human lung S12 fractions, which supports the hypothesis of a metabolically regulated threshold in chromium pulmonary carcinogenicity.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of pretreatments have been evaluated for effectiveness in minimizing the extent of corrosion incurred by C70600 during initial periods of exposure in seawater, including a variety of inorganic and organic chemicals.
Abstract: A series of pretreatments have been evaluated for effectiveness in minimizing the extent of corrosion incurred by C70600 during initial periods of exposure in seawater. By minimizing this corrosion, a reduction in the rate of copper released to the environment can be achieved. The quantities of total copper discharged during the start-up of a new condenser system, for example, might therefore be reduced. The pretreatments examined included a variety of inorganic and organic chemicals. The inhibitive powers of the pretreatments were assessed through a variety of tests in natural seawater. Based on the rates of copper release during the initial eight hours of exposure in seawater at 50 C, several pretreatments appear promising. The sodium dichromate pretreatment has proven to be the most consistent in reducing initial corrosion rates and has been shown beneficial in reducing longer-term corrosion rates of C70600 in seawater. Additionally, it does not appear to impair other properties of C70600 such...
7 citations
Patent•
21 Nov 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a uniform color tone free from color shading to stainless steel is provided by subjecting the steel to electrolytic treatment as an anode in a specified acidic and oxidizing pretreating soln.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a uniform color tone free from color shading to stainless steel, by subjecting the steel to electrolytic treatment as an anode in a specified acidic and oxidizing pretreating soln. before coloring the steel. CONSTITUTION:Stainless steel is subjected to electrolytic treatment as an anode in a highly oxidizing pretreating soln. of current density for 30sec-10min before coloring the surface of the steel. The soln. contains >=1 kind of compound selected from chromic acid, chromates such as sodium chromate and dichromates such as sodium dichromate by 10-100g/l expressed in terms of CrO3 and 50-300g/l sulfuric acid. By coloring the pretreated steel by a conventional method, a uniform color tone free from color shading can be provided in case of stainless steel plates which are different from each other in history of manufacture as well as the same stainless steel plate.
1 citations
Patent•
04 May 1983
TL;DR: A vapor process for mineral dyeing cotton textiles is described in this paper, where cellulosic fabric is impregnated with a chromium solution, exposed to sulfur dioxide vapors, dried, cured, and washed.
Abstract: A vapor process for mineral dyeing cotton textiles is disclosed. Cellulosic fabric is impregnated with a chromium solution, exposed to sulfur dioxide vapors, dried, cured, and washed. The result is a superior process to "pearl gray" mineral dye fabric. Chromium containing salts used in the pad bath are selected from the group consisting of (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 O 7 ; K 2 CrO 4 ; (NH 4 ) 2 CrO 4 , Na 2 CrO 4 ; Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 ; and K 2 Cr 2 O 7 . The pad baths contain from about 3.5% to 5.0% chromium consisting of 40 to 50 parts of a 20 to 28% sodium dichromate dihydrate solution made alkaline with 25 to 50 parts of 10 to 20% sodium hydroxide solution to attain a pH of about 9.6 to 13.0 with about 0.5 parts of wetting agent and 0-30 parts of water. A pad bath comprising about 3 parts of ammonium dichromate, 7.5 parts ammonium carbonate, 0.6 parts zirconyl ammonium carbonate and 0.5 parts wetting agent in about 90 parts water, reacted with about 40 parts concentrated ammonium hydroxide to result in a final pH of about 11, can also be used.