Showing papers on "Sodium sulfite published in 1971"
Patent•
04 Oct 1971TL;DR: An Inert Gas for FLOODING COMPARTMENTS or other OIL CONTAINERS of a tanker or other VESSEL is produced by stripping the gas of its SO2 content with an AQUEOUS SODIUM HYDROXIDE or SODium CARBONATE SOLUTION in a SCRUBBER, and oXidizing the RESULTing SoddIUM SULFITE in the SOLUTION with ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN in the same SCRubber, whereupon a SODIA-SUL
Abstract: AN INERT GAS FOR FLOODING COMPARTMENTS OR OTHER OIL CONTAINERS OF A TANKER OR OTHER VESSEL IS PRODUCED BY STRIPPING FLUE GAS OF ITS SO2 CONTENT WITH AN AQUEOUS SODIUM HYDROXIDE OR SODIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION IN A SCRUBBER, AND OXIDIZING THE RESULTING SODIUM SULFITE IN THE SOLUTION WITH ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN IN THE SAME SCRUBBER, WHEREUPON A SODIUM SULFATE SOLUTION IS OBTAINED WHICH MAY BE DISCHARGED OVERBOARD WITHOUT DAMAGE TO MARINE LIFE.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a relatively simple apparatus was used to measure the rate of reaction of dissolved oxygen with hydrogen sulfide and with added chemical scavengers in oil-field waters and showed that natural waters may catalyze or retard the reaction of sulfur dioxide or sodium sulfite with dissolved oxygen.
Abstract: Dissolved oxygen usually increases the corrosion rate of steel in natural waters. The effect is particularly severe in brines, because the presence of dissolved oxygen causes pitting. Therefore, various methods are employed to remove oxygen from oil-field waters, both fresh and brine, to protect the enormous investments in steel pipe and process equipment. Both mechanical and chemical methods are used to remove dissolved oxygen from water. Probably the most widely used mechanical method in the oil field is to strip the dissolved oxygen from water by countercurrent contact with a gas. This process requires a source of oxygen-free gas, usually methane. The most common chemical way of removing oxygen from oil-field waters is to add sulfur dioxide or sodium sulfite, because very little capital investment is required. A relatively simple apparatus was used to measure the rate of reaction of dissolved oxygen with hydrogen sulfide and with added chemical scavengers in oil-field waters. Results show that natural waters may catalyze or retard the reaction of sulfur dioxide or sodium sulfite with dissolved oxygen. Kinetic data for the sulfite-oxygen reaction can be obtained rapidly and accurately with a polarographic oxygen sensor.
22 citations
Patent•
22 Feb 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved version of the SULFUR DIOXIDE REMOVAL process is described, where an AQUEOUS ABSORBING SOLUTION of a METAL SULFLITE, E.G, SODIUM SULFERITE, and WATER is used.
Abstract: THE DISCLOSURE IS OF AN IMPROVEMENT IN A SULFUR DIOXIDE REMOVAL PROCESS WHEREIN A SULFUR DIOXIDE-CONTAINING GAS IS CONTACTED WITH AN AQUEOUS ABSORBING SOLUTION OF A METAL SULFITE, E.G, SODIUM SULFITE, TO YIELD A SPENT ABSORBING SOLUTION OF METAL BISULFITE, AND THE LATTER IS DECOMPOSED TO PRODUCE THE SULFITE, SULFUR DIOXIDE AND WATER, WITH WATER AND SULFUR DIOXIDE BEING EVAPORATED AND SULFITE BEING PRECIPITATED FROM SOLUTION, THE DECOMPOSITION IS CONDUCTED WHILE ADDING HEAT TO THE METAL UNDERGOING DECOMPOSITION BY THE USE OF INDIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE MATERIAL WHICH IS PASED THROUGH THE TUBES OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER, AND A HEAT-SUPPLYING MEDIUM IN CONTACT WITH THE EXTERIOR SURFACES OF THE TUBES. THE OPERATION IS PARTICULARLY CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF AT LEAST ABOUT 25 WEIGHT PERCENT UNDISOLVED SOLIDS IN THE MATERIAL UNDERGOING DECOMPOSITION, PREFERABLY AMOUNT 30 TO 50 WEIGHT PERCENT. A PORTION OF THE MATERIAL UNDERGOING DECOMPOSITION AND CONTAINING SULFITE CAN BE RECYCLED TO THE ABSORPTION STEP TO SERVE AS A SOURCE OF AQUEOUS ABSORBING SOLUTION. PREFERABLY, THIS RECYCLSTREAM IS FORMED BY ADDING WATER TO A PORTION OF THE MATERIAL UNDERGOING DECOMPOSITION WITHOUT SEPARATION OF SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF UNDISSOLVED SOLIDS.
15 citations
TL;DR: UCI variants of L. tarentolae were capable of assimilatory sulfate reduction whereas RU cells lacked this ability, and a related cell line was unable to grow in organic sulfate-free media nor could these cells utilize methionine sulfoxide.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS. Continuous growth of one cell line (UCI variant) of Leishmania tarentolae was achieved in the absence of organic sulfur. These cells were able to use sodium sulfate, and, to a limited extent, sodium sulfite as their sole sulfur source and could utilize methionine sulfoxide in place of L-methionine. A related cell line (RU variant) was unable to grow in organic sulfate-free media nor could these cells utilize methionine sulfoxide. UCI promastigotes incorporated significant amounts of 35S sodium sulfate; killed cells did not take up the label. 35S incorporation was inhibited by sodium molybdate (5 × 10−4 M), sodium arsenite (5 × 10−4 M), 2,4-dinitrophenol (1 × 10−4 M), or KCN (5 × 10−4 M). RU promastigotes did not incorporate significant amounts of 35S sodium sulfate. Thin layer chromatographs of protein hydrolysates from UCI cells incubated in 35S sodium sulfate revealed several radio opaque spots, one of which had chromatographic properties of cystine. UCI variants of L. tarentolae were therefore capable of assimilatory sulfate reduction whereas RU cells lacked this ability.
14 citations
Patent•
25 Oct 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a process for producing gysum from COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS, which consists of: 1) introducing high-temperATURE COMBUSITON ex-habitus gas into an ABSORBING DEVICE to reduce the temperature to approximately 180*C. 2) SIMULTANEOUSLY ADJUSTINGG RELATIVE HUMIDITY THEREOF to a range of 15% to 60% and removing a SUBSTANTIAL PART of SAID FINE PARTICLES.
Abstract: 1. A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GYPSUM FROM COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS WHICH COMPRISES STEPS OF: A. INTRODUCING HIGH TEMPERATURE COMBUSITON EXHAUST GAS CONTAINING THEREIN SULFUR DIOXIDE AND FINE SOLID PARTICLES INTO AN ABSORBING DEVICE TO LOWER THE TEMPERATURE THEREOF DOWN TO APPROXIMATELY 180*C. TO 150*C., SUBSEQUENTLY CONTACTING THE SAME WITH WATER TO FURTHER LOWER THE GAS TEMPERATURE TO A RANGE OF FROM 95*C. TO 80*C. SIMULTANEOUSLY ADJUSTINGG RELATIVE HUMIDITY THEREOF TO A RANGE OF FROM 15% TO 60% AND THEREBY REMOVING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF SAID FINE PARTICLES; B. CONTACTING THE THUS TEMPERATURE- AND MOISTURE-ADJUSTED GAS WITH SOLUTION OF ALKALI SULFITE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM SULFITE AND POTASSIUM SULFITE TO ABSORB AND FIX SULFUR DIOXIDE IN SAID EXHAUST GAS IN THE FORM OF SOLUTION OF ACIDIC ALKALI SULFITE; C. CAUSING SAID ALKALI SULFITE SOLUTION TO REACT WITH A SUBSTANCE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CALCIUM CARBONATE AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE TO PRODUCE CRYSTALS OF CALCIUM SULFITE THEREFROM; D. SEPARATING SAID CALCIUM SULFITE FROM SAID ALKALI SULFITE SOLUTION, AND WASHING THE FORMER WITH WATER; AND E. MAKING SAID CALCIUM SULFITE INTO A SLURRY, AND CONTACTING THE SAME WITH A SMALL QUANTITY OF AIR TO OXIDIZE THE SAME TO PRODUCE GYPSUM; BOTH ALKALI SULFITE SOLUTION AND WATER USED FOR WASHING CALCIUM SULFITE AS SEPARATED IN THE STEP D. BEING RECYCLED FOR FURTHER USE IN ABSORBING AND FIXING OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN THE EXHAUST GAS IN THE STEPS B., AND WATER MIXED INTO THE ALKALI SULFITE SOLUTION IN STEPS A., C., AND D. BEING EVAPORATED IN STEP B. TO BALANCE THE WATER CONTENT IN THE REACTION SYSTEM.
13 citations
Patent•
12 Aug 1971TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-stage fluid bed treatment was used for regenerating a sodium base sulfite cooking liquor by utilizing a multistage liquid bed treatment, where the spent liquor was first treated in a fluid bed reactor with gases containing water vapor and carbon dioxide at a temperature less than 1100 DEG F, to pyrolyze the liquor solids, to gasify the sulfur in the liquor and to produce a pelletized solid residue consisting of primarily sodium carbonate and carbon.
Abstract: A method for regenerating a sodium base sulfite cooking liquor by utilizing a multi-stage fluid bed treatment. In the method for regenerating the liquor, the spent liquor is first treated in a fluid bed reactor with gases containing water vapor and carbon dioxide at a temperature less than 1100 DEG F., to pyrolyze the liquor solids, to gasify the sulfur in the liquor and to produce a pelletized solid residue consisting of primarily sodium carbonate and carbon. This residue is then treated with air and water at a temperature greater than 1100 DEG F. in a second fluid bed reactor to produce a solid product consisting primarily of sodium carbonate and gases suitable for use in the first reactor. The gaseous products of the first reactor are further oxidized with air to convert sulfur compounds to sulfur dioxide, which is then absorbed in a solution of sodium carbonate from the second reactor, thus regenerating sodium sulfite for preparation of pulping liquor.
11 citations
Patent•
27 Jul 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a process involving the planting of wood with a normal dehyde free alkaline solution, followed by cooking the wood in accordance with the bisulfite process.
Abstract: A PROCESS INVOLVING IMPREGNATION OF WOOD WITH A FORMALDEHYDE FREE ALKALINE SOLUTION CONTAINING SODIUM HYDROXIDE AT A PH OF FROM ABOUT 12.4 TO ABOUT 13 AND SODIUM SULFITE AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 80*C., FOLLOWED BY DRAINING THE SOLUTION, ADDING SULFUR DIOXIDE AND COOKING THE WOOD IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BISULFITE PROCESS TO PRODUCE INCREASED YIELDS OF PULP HAVING HIGH UNBLEACHED BRIGHTNESS.
4 citations
Patent•
20 Dec 1971TL;DR: In this paper, a poly(lower alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) copolymer is dissolved in ammonium hydroxide and reacted simultaneously with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite, e.g., for 10 hours at 50* C.
Abstract: Poly(lower alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) copolymer is dissolved in ammonium hydroxide and reacted simultaneously with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite, e.g., for 10 hours at 50* C. to produce an improved thickening agent for secondary recovery of petroleum. Optionally the reaction with formaldehyde or with sodium sulfite can be omitted.
4 citations
Patent•
12 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a mild digestion with sodium sulfite alone or with a small amount of sulfur dioxide was used to obtain a Kappa number of not less than about 100, defiberizing the thus treated material, and then subjecting the defiberized material to a second digestion with an alkali in the presence of oxygen, obtaining a pulp of Kappa number 20-50 for bleachable pulp or Kappa number 70-130 for linerboard grade pulp.
Abstract: Subjecting solftwood chips to a mild digestion with sodium sulfite alone or sodium sulfite and a small amount of sulfur dioxide or mixtures of sodium sulfite with sodium carbonate, bicarbonate or hydroxide to obtain a Kappa number of not less than about 100, defiberizing the thus treated material, and then subjecting the defiberized material to a second digestion with an alkali in the presence of oxygen to obtain a pulp of Kappa number 20-50 for bleachable pulp or Kappa number of 70-130 for linerboard grade pulp.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was made on the preparation of 35S-labeled sulfite by pyrolyzation of labeled Cu(II) sulfate, where factors such as the amount of carrier sulfate and the NaOH concentration of absorbing solutions, which were thought to affect the yield and radiochemical purity of the final products, were examined together with the chemical stability of the sodium sulfite (35S) thus obtained in aqueous solutions.
Abstract: A study was made on the preparation of 35S-labeled sulfite by the pyrolyzation of labeled Cu(II) sulfate. Factors such as the amount of carrier sulfate and the NaOH concentration of the absorbing solutions, which were thought to affect the yield and radiochemical purity of the final products, were examined together with the chemical stability of the sodium sulfite (35S) thus obtained in aqueous solutions. The method has proved to be useful for practical preparation of 35S-labeled sulfite. With Cu(II) sulfate carrier ranging 20∼176 mg, more than 80% of 35S can be recovered as sulfite. Carrier-free sulfite (35S) can also be obtained by merely replacing the Cu(II) sulfate carrier with Cu(II) chloride and carrier-free H2 35SO4.
2 citations
Patent•
04 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the undesirable darkening or discoloration of solid sodium gluconate produced by evaporating water from an aqueous solution thereof is reduced or eliminated by introducing into such a solution a sufficient amount of sodium sulfite to inhibit the resultant solid product.
Abstract: The undesirable darkening or discoloration of solid sodium gluconate produced by evaporating water from an aqueous solution thereof is reduced or eliminated by introducing into such a solution a sufficient amount of sodium sulfite to inhibit discoloration of the resultant solid product.
TL;DR: Thermal decomposition of sodium metabisulfite in air involves two major weight changes before the final formation of sodium sulfate, which lead to the formation of elemental sulfur and to incomplete recovery of the original sulfur in the final sulfate product.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of the lack of resources in terms of infrastructure and resources for large-scale projects, such as infrastructure development and construction.
Abstract: 各種のアゾ染料を塩化第一スズ, 亜硫酸ナトリウムで還元し, その反応溶液の可視スペクトルを測定した。その結果, アゾ染料の還元性についてつぎの知見を得た。モノオキシアゾ染料, o,o'-ジオキシアゾ染料, およびそのコバルト錯塩染料を塩化第一スズで還元すると, i)その反応はアミン類生成にまで進み, ヒドラゾ化合物の生成が律速段階になる, ii)一連の供試アゾ型分散染料における還元速度と置換基との関係は, ハメット則に適合しρは正となる, iii)o,o'-ジオキシアゾ染料に比してそのコパルト錯塩染料は還元の活性化エネルギーが大である。また供試酸性アゾ染料を亜硫酸ナトリウムで還元すると, i)比較的低温度では反応の第一段階でヒドラゾ化合物を生成し, その後徐々にアミン類を生成する, ii)アミン類生成の活性化エネルギーはヒドラゾ化合物生成の活性化エネルギーに比して高い。