Owens-Illinois

About: Owens-Illinois is a company organization based out in Toledo, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Blow molding & Coating. The organization has 2530 authors who have published 3988 publications receiving 53441 citations.

Alumina gels that form porous transparent Al2O3

Abstract: Formation of a porous transparent Al2O3 from aluminium alkoxides has been previously reported. During the process, alkoxides are hydrolyzed and the resultant hydroxide is peptized to a clear sol. The sol then must be gelled and pyrolyzed to 500° C to obtain the aluminium oxide. This paper discusses the gel state and the requirements for the system to retain its integrity during the drying and pyrolysis. Influence of electrolytes on the sol-gel transformation shows that there is a critical electrolyte concentration at which the gelling volume goes through a pronounced minimum. Deviation in either direction of this electrolyte concentration causes a sharp increase in the relative gelling volume and detrimentally effects the capability of the gel to retain its integrity. The sols that gel at concentrations less than ∼4 g equivalent oxide per 100 ml do not retain their integrity during pyrolysis.

Fluid product dispenser

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a fluid product dispenser. The dispenser includes first and second containers. The second container is positioned within the first container. The product is placed in one of the containers and a dispensing nozzle or opening is in communication with the product. The second container has a flexible wall adjacent the product. Fluid is introduced into the other container. A force is applied to the flexible wall to urge the product outwardly through the dispensing nozzle or opening.

Empirical relationships for predicting nonlinear refractive index changes in optical solids

Abstract: The development of high-power glass lasers has stimulated interest in materials with low index nonlinearity. A number of authors have proposed empirical relations between the nonlinear index and linear dispersion parameters. We review these expressions and relate them to both classical and quantum theoretic derivations of the index nonlinearity. We show that the major differences arise in the treatment of local field corrections. We further show that the good agreement obtained between experiment and theory may be fortuitous, due to the fairly large experimental uncertainty and the fact that all the materials investigated to date are really quite similar, being essentially oxide or fluoride materials.

Solar energy converter

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the electric energy conversion efficiency of the converter by a structure wherein a light transmitting layer containing fluorescent material, the fluorescent local maximum wave length of which lies within the effective sensitivity spectrum of solar cells, is adhered on the light receiving surface of a heat collecting plate and solar cells are provided at the sides of said light transmitting layer CONSTITUTION:The light transmitting layer 3 containing fluorescent material, the fluorescent local maximum wave length of which lies within the effective sensitivity spectrum of the solar cells 5, is adhered on the light receiving surface of the heat collecting plate 2 and as well as the solar cells 5 are provided at the sides of said light transmitting layer 3 in the solar energy converter comprising heat transfer medium conduits 6, a heat transfer medium pipe 1, the heat collecting plate 2, which is connected with the pipe 1 to be conductive of heat, and the solar cells 5 Concretely, the light, the wave length of which the sensitivity of the solar cells 5 is low, in the solar spectra is absorbed by the fluorescent material in the light transmitting layer 3 and converted into the light, to the wave length of which the solar cells 5 are strikingly sensitive, and said fluorescent light falls on the light receiving surface of the cells 5, resulting in converting said incident light into electric energy with high efficiency As a matter of course, the light having the wave lengths of about 055-06mum, which is originally contained in the sun light itself, is efficiently collected by the cells 5

Hydrolysis of aluminium alkoxides and bayerite conversion

Abstract: A study of hydrolysis of aluminium alkoxides as a function of water temperature, and structural transformation of the resultant hydroxides was conducted. Hot water hydrolysis of aluminium alkoxides produces boehmite, whereas cold water hydrolysis results in formation of amorphous monohydroxide. This amorphous phase contains OR groups whose removal by water during aging causes the material to convert to bayerite or boehmite. Bayerite conversion takes place below 80 °C by a dissolution-recrystallisation process in which the gradual liberation of OR groups by water appears to play an important role. Boehmite conversion takes place above 80 °C where vigorous liberation of OR groups occurs and the slow stoichiometric bayerite conversion diminishes. Neither conversion takes place in pure alcohol.