Showing papers on "Sodium sulfite published in 1994"

Sulfite contact allergy

Abstract: In the last 2 years, 2,894 consecutive eczematous patients were patch tested with sodium metabisulfite 1% pet. Positive reactions were elicited in 50 subjects (1.7%). All 50 patients were also positive to potassium metabisulfite 1% pet. and sodium bisulfite 1% and 5% pet., while only 2 of them were positive to sodium sulfite 1% pet. Prick tests and intradermal tests with a sodium metabisulfite solution (10 mg/ml) were negative. No flare-ups of dermatitis or patch test were provoked by oral challenge with 30 mg and 50 mg of sodium metabisulfite. The dermatitis was taken to be occupational in 7 cases. In only 5 out of 43 non-occupational cases was the positive reaction considered relevant.

Effect of drying method and condensed tannin on detergent fiber analysis of sericea lespedeza

Abstract: The effect of forage drying method on interrelationships between condensed tannins and fiber as determined by the detergent system of analysis was studied in a randomized block field experiment with three cultivars of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) (Dum-Cours) G Don). Harvested forage was ovendried and freeze-dried, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined with and without sodium sulfite added during the extraction. Acid detergent fiber (ADF), permanganate lignin, cellulose, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (N) were determined by separate and sequential ADF analyses. Without sodium sulfite, oven-drying, compared with freeze-drying, increased NDF, neutral detergent insoluble N, and sequentially-analyzed ADF and lignin, due to precipitation of condensed tannins and protein in neutral detergent. Acid detergent fiber, lignin, and acid detergent insoluble N were higher in sequentially-analyzed oven-dried and freeze-dried forages, compared with separate-sample analyses, with a greater effect in oven-dried samples. Neutral detergent fiber of both oven-dried and freeze-dried samples contained tannin-protein complexes (precipitants), with more occurring in oven-dried samples. When sodium sulfite was included in the neutral detergent extraction, all drying treatment differences in NDF, neutral detergent insoluble N, ADF, acid detergent insoluble N, and lignin were removed. Sequential NDF-ADF analysis with sodium sulfite is recommended to minimize influence of condensed tannin on the detergent fiber system for sericea lespedeza.

Enhanced generation of hydroxyl radical and sulfur trioxide anion radical from oxidation of sodium sulfite, nickel(II) sulfite, and nickel subsulfide in the presence of nickel(II) complexes.

Abstract: Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping was utilized to investigate the generation of free radicals from oxidation of sodium sulfite, nickel(II) sulfite, and nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) by ambient oxygen or H2O2 at pH 7.4. The spin trap used was 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Under ambient oxygen, a solution of sodium sulfite alone generated predominantly sulfur trioxide anion radical (.SO3-) due to the autoxidation of sulfite. Addition of nickel(II) chloride [Ni(II)] enhanced the .SO3- yield about 4-fold. Incubation of sulfite with Ni(II) in the presence of chelators such as tetraglycine, histidine, beta-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine (anserine), beta--L-histidine (carnosine), gamma-aminobutyryl-L-histidine (homocarnosine), glutathione, and penicillamine did not have any significant effect on that enhancement. In contrast, albumin, and especially glycylglycylhistidine (GlyGlyHis), augmented the enhancing effect of Ni(II) by factors of 1.4 and 4, respectively. Computer simulation analysis of the spin-adduct spectrum and formate scavenging experiment showed that the mixture of sodium sulfite, Ni(II), and GlyGlyHis generated both hydroxyl (.OH) radical and .SO3- radical, in the ratio of approximately 1:2. The free-radical spin adduct intensity reached its saturation level in about 5 min. The yield of the radical adducts could be slightly reduced by deferoxamine and very strongly reduced by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Aqueous suspensions of sparingly soluble nickel(II) sulfite in the presence of air and GlyGlyHis generated surface-located .SO3- and .OH radicals. The same radicals were generated in Ni3S2 suspension in the presence of GlyGlyHis and H2O2, indicating sulfite production by oxidation of the sulfide moiety of this compound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Mild and Facile Cleavage of 2-Cyanoethyl Ester Using Sodium Sulfide or Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride. Synthesis of 1, 4-Dihydropyridine Monocarboxylic Acids and Unsymmetrical 1, 4-Dihydropyridine Dicarboxylates

Abstract: Several 3-(2-cyanoethyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine carboxylates (16) were prepared in moderate to good yields by means of the Hantzsch reaction. Treatment of these carboxylates with a weak base such as sodium sulfide or tetrabutylammonium fluoride at room temperature afforded smoothly the corresponding 1, 4-dihydropyridine monocarboxylic acids (18) in good yields. The monocarboxylic acids 18n and 18o were esterified with 2-nitrooxypropanol or N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide p-toluenesulfonic acid salt to afford the selective coronary vasodilators CD-349 (5) and CD-832 (6), respectively.

Alternative pathways of sulfite oxidation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Abstract: Sodium sulfite is metabolized by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by two alternative pathways, one enzymatic route dependent on sulfite oxidase and one non-enzymatic which involves intermediate formation of sulfur trioxide anion radicals. Initiation of the oxidative burst by phorbol myristate acetate significantly stimulates sulfate formation through the second pathway. The activity of sulfite oxidase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes varies greatly among individuals, a variation consistent with the suggested polymorphic distribution of sulfite oxidase in the human population.

Densities of aqueous solutions of sodium bisulfite and sodium 2-methylallyl sulfate

Abstract: Densities of aqueous solutions of sodium 2-methylallyl sulfate and sodium bisulfite have been measured at six temperatures in the range 283.15-303.15 K. The measured density values are represented by an empirical equation. The fitting of the experimental results for sodium 2-methylallyl sulfate is excellent, whereas in the case of sodium bisulfite the fitted data are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental values

Production of ferrous metal matrix composite material excellent in corrosion resistance

Abstract: PURPOSE:To impart a composite material with excellent corrosion resistance as well as wear resistance by subjecting the surface of a ferrous material subjected to nitriding treatment to oxidizing treatment under specified conditions to modify the surface part and forming an iron oxide contg. layer thereon. CONSTITUTION:The surface of a ferrous metallic material is subjected to nitriding treatment to form an iron-nitrogen compound contg. layer. This layer is subjected to oxidizing treatment at 110 to 140 deg.C by using a treating bath constituted of an aq. soln. contg. sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate and sodium sulfite. By this treatment, at least the surface part of the iron-nitroten contg. layer is modified. Furthermore, an iron oxide-contg. layer is formed thereon. As for the compsn. of the treating soln., preferably, the concn. of sodium hydroxide is regulated to, by weight, 25 to 55%, that of sodium nitrate to 10 to 25% and that of sodium sulfite to 5 to 15%. The thickness of the iron-nitrogen compound contg. layer is preferably regulated to 10 to 20mum. The formed composite layer has excellent corrosion resistance and furthermore small in dispersion in the corrosion resistance.

Method for recovering iodine from waste liquor containing iodine and/or inorganic iodine compound

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce a purified iodine product of high purity by economically separating, recovering and purifying expensive iodine from various waste liquors from production processes containing iodine and/or an inorganic iodine compound in high yield. CONSTITUTION:A waste liquor containing iodine and/or an inorganic iodine compound is oxidized or reduced and the produced free iodine molecules are then adsorbed on a strong basic anion exchange resin adsorbing iodide ions under acidic conditions to separate the iodine from inorganic salts or organic substances such as organic solvents, etc., contained in the waste liquor. The resin is then sufficiently washed with tap water, etc., then made to react with the iodine molecules adsorbed on at least one of a sodium bisulfite, a sodium sulfite and a sodium hydroxide solutions, eluted and separated as a solution of hydriodic acid. The oxidized and liberated iodine is subsequently purified by a well-known pressuring melting method to produce the purified iodine product.

Gold-silver wet seperation technology with gold

Abstract: The technology for wet separation of gold from silver in gold-containing slurry uses mixed flux of ammonium sulfate, ammonium fluoride, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate and includes such steps as electrically heating for fusion in stainless steel container from low to high temp. (300 deg.C), diluted hydrochloric acid extraction, boiling to dissolve AuCl4 and deposit white AgCl, reducing Au solution to obtain sponge Au by mixed reducer, dissolving AgCl in sodium sulfite solution, and reducing the solution to obtain sponge Ag. It features low cost and high purity.

Recovery of iodine from waste liquid containing organoiodine compound

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce a purified iodine product of high purity by deiodinating organoiodine compounds contained in an organoiodine compound-containing waste liquid in a high yield at a low cost and carrying out adsorption-separation-purification using an iodide ion-adsorbed ion-exchange resin. CONSTITUTION:Organoiodine compounds contained in an organoiodinecontaining waste liquid are deiodinated and converted into iodide ion or iodate ion by reduction (in the presence of metallic aluminum, metallic zinc, metallic tin or metallic silicon under an alkaline condition, in the presence of hydrosulfite, Rongalite or sodium borohydride under an alkaline condition or by heat decomposition under a strong alkaline condition) or oxidation (in the presence of chlorine gas under an acidic condition or by using a sodium hypochloride solution). After oxidation or reduction, the generated liberated iodine is then adsorbed on an iodine-preadsorbed ion-exchange resin under an acidic condition and the adsorbed iodine is subsequently eluted and separated with one or more kinds of solutions selected from a sodium bisulfite solution, a sodium sulfite solution and a sodium hydroxide solution. The obtained hydroiodic acid solution is subsequently oxidized and the resultant liberated iodine is purified according to the pressure melting method, thus producing the objective purified iodine product.

Production of antimicrobial agent

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a method for producing an antimicrobial agent suitable for using in the form of a mixture with a synthetic resin and excellent in safety. CONSTITUTION:B-form silica gel [Average particle diameter is about 2000mum] is added to a reaction solution between silver acetate, sodium sulfite and sodium thiosulfate so as to support a silver complex on silica gel. The resultant mixture of the thiosulfato silver complex solution and silica gel is heated at 60 deg.C and a reduced pressure of <= about 3000Pa so as to evaporate the solvent components for further drying it. The resultant silver complex-supporting silica gel, methyl alcohol, tetraethoxysilane and ion-exchange water are put in a vacuum dryer and, after completion of hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane at 60 deg.C, excessive water and alcoholic components are evaporated at 50 deg.C and a reduced pressure of <= about 3000Pa so as to apply a silica coating thereto. The obtained material is dried and crushed, thus producing the antimicrobial agent having about 60mum average particle diameter.

Cooling solution composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a cooling solution composition maintaining prevention of metal corrosion, not dropping cooling efficiency even in the case of containing mercaptobenzothiazole having corrosive function because of no formation of precipitate by the corrosive. CONSTITUTION:A cooling solution composition containing a glycol or water is mixed with at least one of a thiosulfate, a sulfite, a hydrogensulfite and a dithionite. Sodium thiosulfate or potassium thiosulfate may be used as the thiosulfate, sodium sulfite or ammonium sulfite as the sulfite, sodium hydrogensulfite or ammonium hydrogensulfite as the hydrogensulfite and sodium dithionite or potassium dithionite as the dithionite, respectively.

Kinetics of Neutral Sulfite Semichemical and Neutral Sulfite Semichemical-Anthraquinone Pulping

Abstract: Delignification rate expressions for neutral sulfite semichemical (NSSC) and neutral sulfite semichemical anthraquinone (NSSC-AQ) pulping of black spruce have been developed. The rates take into account the effects of temperature and reaction times on the rates of delignification. NSSC in this study is defined by an alkali ratio [sodium sulfite/(sodium sulfite + sodium carbonate)] of 0.60 (expressed as sodium oxide) giving a final pulp yield between 55 and 60%. NSSC-AQ is identical to NSSC with the addition of anthraquinone. Reaction temperature and pulping chemical concentrations were held essentially constant in all kinetic experiments. Isothermal experiments were conducted in the temperature range between 165 and 180°C. A concentration of 150 g/L sodium sulfite with a liquor to wood ratio 62 were used.

Method for recovering iodine from waste liquor containing organic iodine compound

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce a purified iodine product of high purity by economically deiodinating an organic iodine compound in a waste liquor containing the organic iodine compound in high yield and then separating and purifying the iodine using a well-known steam distillation method. CONSTITUTION:An organic iodine compound in a waste liquor containing the organic iodine compound is alkalified with at least one of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and then deiodinated according to reducing reaction with at least one of a hydrosulfite (sodium dithionite), Rongalite(R) (sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde) and sodium borohydride (sodium boron hydride) to provide iodide ions. The pH is then regulated to <=6 with sulfuric acid and the resultant iodide ions are oxidized with at least one of chlorine gas or a solution of sodium hypochlorite to distill the liberated iodine with steam. The steam distilled iodine is subsequently converted into a solution of hydriodic acid with at least one of a sodium bisulfate, a sodium sulfite and a sodium hydroxide solutions. The oxidized and liberated iodine is then purified by a pressurizing melting method to produce the purified iodine product.

Studies of bagasse neutral sodium sulfite pulping with lower permanganate number and higher yield

Abstract: Bagasse neutral sodium sulfite pulping has been studied. The results obtained during pulping are showed in the following : in conditions of 18% Na 2 SO 3 charge, 3% Na 2 CO 3 charge and cooking at 165° for 60 min, bagasse pulp could be obtained with a yield of 65.82%, permanganate number 9.14, brightness 50% and opacity 92.65%. Before raising temperature to 140°, the lignin sulfonation rate was greater than the delignification rate. As the temperature was raised to 165°, a value maintained for 60 min, the sulfonated lignin was dissolved rapidly, and bagasse was defiberized. The strengths and opacity of the pulp sheet satisfied the demands for newsprint. The results of the SEM-EDXA and IR spectral analysis and the data of the dissolved carbohydrate have revealed the reasons for higher yield and brightness and lower permanganate number.

Production of antimicrobial material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce an antimicrobial material capable of improving a resin in transparency and resistance to discoloration due to heat and water in the case it is kneaded with the resin, excellent in safety and scarcely causing environmental pollution even in the case the resin is eluted out. CONSTITUTION:Production of this antimicrobial material is carried out by adding and dissolving potassium sulfite and potassium thiosulfite or sodium sulfite and sodium thiosulfite in order in an aqueous solution of one or more kinds of soluble silver salts selected from silver acetate, silver sulfate and silver nitrate so that the ratios of SO3 /Ag and S2O3 /Ag may be >=3 and >=8 and evaporating the resultant solution to dryness. This production may be carried out by impregnating silica get with the above-mentioned solution, drying it and further forming a coating layer on the outer surface.

Agent for soft contact lens

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent a contact lens from changing color by incorporating a reducing agent or peroxide and at least one acid salt selected from polymerized phosphates, silicates and alginates. CONSTITUTION:This agent contains a reducing agent or peroxide and at least one kind of acid salt selected from polymerized phosphates, silicates and alginates. As for the reducing agent, sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, or sodium pyrosulfite is preferably used. As for the peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium or perborate is preferably used. As for the polymerized phosphate, chain-state polymerized phosphate (sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate or the like), cyclic polymerized phosphate (sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or the like) are used. As for the silicate, sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, or the like can be used.

Production of high-bulk-density granular detergent

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a detergent excellent in flowability. CONSTITUTION:The detergent having a bulk density of 0.6-1.2g/cc is produced by stirring a mixture of a spray-drying product contg. an anionic surfactant with a water-sol. inorg. salt (e.g. sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sulfate, or sodium sulfite) and an aluminosilicate, spraying the resulting mixture with a nonionic surfactant, and stirring and granulating the mixture.

Anticorrosive water-based coating composition

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide an anticorrosive water-based coating composition which, even when applied directly to an iron surface, does not cuase the so-called flash rust, that is, spot rust scattered on the coated surface or iron surface rust. CONSTITUTION: This composition comprises 100 pts.wt. water-based coating material, 0.5-5 pts.wt. rust-preventive pigment and 0.05-1.0 pt.wt. at least one corrosion inhibitor selected from among sodium nitrite, ammonium nitrite, calcium nitrite, sodium sulfite, sodium benzoate and ammonium benzoate.

Production of sodium aminoethanesulfonate or sodium n-substituted aminoethanesulfonate

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain sodium aminoethanesulfonate in high yield in a short time under mild conditions using easily handleable raw materiais. CONSTITUTION:An aqueous solution of sodium beta-chloroethanesulfonate(CES) is fed with an excess chemical equivalent, based on the CES, of ammonia or an N-substituted amine in a gaseous state to prepare a homogeneous mixed aqueous solution of the CES and the amine compound. This aqueous solution is then noncatalytically reacted under pressure at 60-100 deg.C, and a concentrated aqueous NaOH solution is added to the system while releasing an excess of the amine compound to convert the aminoethanesulfonic acid amine salt formed by the reaction into its sodium salt and the amine compound released is made into a gas >=90wt.% in its concentration and absorbed into the aqueous CES solution and thus recovered for reusing in such reactions mentioned above. The reaction is not affected at all by the coexistence of neutral salts, and it is preferable that, as the stock CES aqueous solution, a crude CES solution containing such neutral salts and prepared from 1,2-ethane dichloride and sodium sulfite or from vinyl chloride and sodium bisulfite.

Method of synthesizing sodium 2-chloroethanesulfonate

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a synthesizing method capable of suppressing preparation of EDS as a by-product and increasing a yield of sodium 2-chloroethanesulfonate based on the total amounts of raw materials and a reaction medium per unit time. CONSTITUTION:In a method of synthesizing sodium 2-chloroethanesulfonate by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane with sodium sulfite, the reaction is carried out in a reaction medium comprising a surfactant and an alcoholic aqueous solution to synthesize sodium 2-chloroethanesulfonate. This method has advantages such as compacted device, reduced consumption of energy and ready purification of product.

Antibacterial material selective to gram-negative bacteria and selective sterilization

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide an antibacterial material selective to Gram-negative bacteria and a sterilization method selective to Gram-negative bacteria. CONSTITUTION:A thiosulfato silver complex solution is prepared by using silver chloride as the raw material and reacting sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite and sodium hydrosulfite therewith. Silica gel is added to the resultant solution to support the silver complex thereon. The mixture containing the thiosulfato silver complex solution and silica gel is evaporated to dryness and the silver complex-supporting silica gel is separated, thus producing the objective antibacterial material. It became clear after measuring MIC(minimal inhibitory concentration) of this antibacterial material that this antibacterial material exhibits an antibacterial activity selective to Gram-negative bacteria.

Coloring developer and method for processing silver halide color photographic sensitive material using the same

Abstract: PURPOSE:To maintain preservability of the coloring developer and to prevent deterioration of photographic performance, such as deterioration of a color development density and resistance to fog, by incorporating a specified reaction product. CONSTITUTION:The coloring developer contains the reaction product obtained by allowing polyethyleneimine to react with hydrogen peroxide and without separating the reaction product. This polyethyleneimine comprises repeating ethylene units each combined through N with each other. The color developing anent comprises an alakline agent, such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium phosphate, or sodium phosphate, and a thickening agent, such as sodium sulfite or potassium sulfite, and a development promoter, and it is controlled to a pH of >= 9.5.

Separation of Nickel and Cobalt using Porous Glass Packed Column

Abstract: When the adsorption band of nickel and cobalt formed in a porous glass packed column was developed by aqueous solutions of ammonium chloride with concentration of 8× 103mol/m3 at pH 7.5 and ammonium nitrate of 2× 103 mol/m3 at pH 8, these metals were completely separated. Since the recovery of cobalt was not complete, some treatments for prevention of oxidation such as additions of reducing agents, that is, ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite, and degassing by irradiation with supersonic waves were tried and showed improvement of the recovery of cobalt and reduction of separation efficiency. Using an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine at pH8, without any treatments for prevention of oxidation, both separation and recoveries of these metals were almost completely accomplished when the concentrations in conditioning solution and eluent were 500mol/m3 and 50mol/m3, respectively.

Initial make-up method of electroless gold plating solution

Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce the dispersion of a liquid quality and to attain stable production by initially making up the components divided into several kinds and mixing and adjusting them at the time of using to the prescribed component concentrations. CONSTITUTION:An electroless gold plating liquid is constituted of a gold salt, a gold complexing agent, a pH adjusting agent and a reducing agent. The components are divided into several kinds and are make up. At the time of using they are mixed and adjusted so as to be prescribed component concentrations. Sodium chloroaurate as a gold salt, sodium thiosulfate and sodium sulfite as complexing agents of gold, borax as a pH adjusting agent and thiourea as a reducing agent are respectively used. In such a manner, spear plating liquid is prepared in case of abnormality in the plating liquid, etc., and, the counter measure thereto is facilitated.

Prepn. method for 2-amino-4-tertiary butyl phenol

Abstract: This invention uses paratertiary butyl phenol as raw material and adopts azocracking-reduction process to prepare dyestuff intermediate 2-amino-4-tertiary butyl phenol. It has following steps: (1) aniline diazo-salt is produced by diazotization of aniline salt by addition dropwise of sodium sulfite solution at temp. of 0-10 deg.C. (2) azo-dye is produced by coupling reaction at normal temp. between para-tertiary butyl phenol and aniline diazo-salt in a molar ratio of 1:(1-1.2). The yield is 95-98 percent. (3) The cracking-reduction reaction is conducted in alkaline environment with addition of reducing agent. The yield of product is above 85 percent, and the purity of product is over 98 percent.

4-alkyl-3-chlorobenzenesulfinic acids, 4-alkyl-3-chlorobenzenesulfonylcarboxylic acids, 4-alkyl-3-chloroalkylsulfonylbenzenes and preparation thereof

Abstract: of the disclosure 4-Alkyl-3-chlorobenzenesulfinic acids, 4-alkyl-3-chloro-benzenesulfonylcarboxylic acids, 4-alkyl-3-chloroalkyl-sulfonylbenzenes and preparation thereof Process for preparing 4-alkyl-3-chloroalkylsulfonyl-benzenes of the formula (1) (1) in which R1 and R2 are identical or different and are each (C1-C4)-alkyl, by chlorinating a p-alkylbenzene-sulfonyl chloride of the formula (2) (2) in which R1 is as defined above, with at least 1 mol of chlorine in the presence of a chlorine transferrer at temperatures from about 50 to about 100°C to form a compound of the formula (3) (3) in which R1 is as defined above, subsequently reducing this compound in aqueous medium with sodium sulfite or bisulfite at temperatures from about 40 to about 90°C to form a compound of the formula (4) (4) in which R1 is as defined above, condensing this compound with an .alpha.-halocarboxylic acid of the formula (5) (5) in which R is hydrogen or (C1-C3)-alkyl and X is bromine or chlorine, or a salt thereof, to form a 4-alkyl-3-chlorobenzensulfonylcarboxylic acid of the formula (6), in which R1 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof (6) and subsequently decarboxylating it by heating. The invention also relates to compounds of the formula (1) in which R1 is (C1-C4)-alkyl and R2 is (C2-C4)-alkyl or R1 is (C2-C4)-alkyl and R2 is (C1-C4)-alkyl and also to compounds of the formula (4) is which R1 is (C1-C4)-alkyl and compounds of the formula (6) in which R is hydrogen or (C1-C3)-alkyl and R1 is (C1-C4)-alkyl and the corres-ponding alkali metal salts.