Showing papers on "Spironolactone published in 1971"

Use of Metolazone in the Treatment of Ascites due to Liver Disease

Abstract: In 8 out of 20 patients with chronic liver disease ascites was controlled with metolazone, 10 required additional amiloride or spironolactone to achieve control, and 2 were resistant to all diuretic therapy. An initial dose of 5 mg daily is suggested, though much higher doses may be required ultimately. When metolazone is used alone the high incidence of hypokalaemia (80%), hypochloraemia (35%), and encephalopathy (35%) compared with the results of other series is a major disadvantage and indicates that this drug should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Hypokalaemia can usually be prevented by the simultaneous administration of amiloride or spironolactone. The low incidence of azotaemia (5%) suggests that this diuretic may be useful if renal function is particularly impaired.

Effects of an aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, on pinealectomized rats.

Abstract: The possible role of aldosterone in pinealectomy induced hypertension was studied by using daily spironolactone administration (10 mg/kg orally) from the second postoperative day. induced blood pressure elevation was Pinealectomy partly inhibited and the reduction of serum potassium concentration antagonized by spironolactone. The urine volume was increased but the excretion of sodium and potassium decreased in pinealectomized animals. These changes, too, were prevented by spironolactone administration. In spironolactone treated pinealectomized rats the sodium concentration was slightly increased in both the heart and the arterial wall. The ability of spironolactone to antagonize the pinealectomy induced hypertension and the changes in the electrolyte concentrations in plasma and urine supports our earlier suggestion of an increased aldosterone secretion in this type of hypertension in rats.

Relationship of Cardiorenal Function to Renin-Aldosterone System in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease

Abstract: Metabolic data obtained during sodium (Na) loading, restriction, and depletion with thiazide were compared in 23 patients with valvular heart disease who had cardiac indices (CI) > and 2.5 excreted –3.4% Na load than those with the lowest normal values, whereas those with CI 2.5 responded to Na loss with elevation of plasma renin activity (PRA). In contrast, of the ill patients with CI < 2.5, none of the six on the 10 mEq diet, and only two of five on thiazide, responded with an increase in PRA; the urinary aldosterone values paralleled the PRA responses. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system responded to changes in Na balance. The magnitude and direction of the responses were influenced by cardiohemodynamic abnormalities. Aldosterone plays an important role in the Na retention in patients with valvular heart disease by stimulating ...

Stimulation of liver microsomal drug metabolism in male and female mice by spironolactone and aldadiene.

Abstract: Summary Pretreatment with spironolactone (SPL) or aldadiene enhanced the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in mouse liver microsomes. Elevations in components of the microsomal electron transport system and other parameters indicative of enzyme induction were also noted. The nature of the induction by these drugs did not differ qualitatively nor was sex-dependent difference observed. Kinetic studies suggest that the microsomal induction by SPL may be mediated by an increase in the amount of enzyme (V max) rather than by an alteration in the apparent affinity (K m) of the enzyme.