Showing papers on "Spontaneous combustion published in 1978"

Ignition by plasma jet

Abstract: IN order to improve the emission characteristics and efficiency of internal combustion engines, the trend is to leaner mixtures. Successful combustion at lower fuel : air ratios requires increased rates of flame propagation and, in spark-ignited engines, more effective and reliable ignition sources. Various avenues of research are being pursued towards these aims. One which shares the philosophy of radical injection with the present work is the stratified charge or torch-ignition concept (see ref. 1 for review). This is based on burning a rich mixture in a cavity small by comparison with the cylinder volume so that the free radicals generated therein are ejected into the main charge, there to increase the propagation rate in a leaner mixture. In the work described here the radicals are generated in the igniting plasma, rather than by using chemical energy, and the volume of the ‘pre-chamber’ of the stratified charge or torch ignition concept is shrunk to a very small space within the plug, where a very high temperature, resulting in high ejection velocity, is produced by means of a small amount of electrical energy.

Anti-theft ignition system

Abstract: An anti-theft ignition system including a generally tamper-proof canister or housing substantially covering the solenoid of the starter motor with a portion thereof covering the ignition switch terminal of the solenoid. The housing includes a compartment for receiving electronic circuitry including an encoded circuit coupled to or forming a part of a microcomputer operable in response to proper sequential actuation of the ignition key for energizing a silicon controlled rectifier in series relation with the ignition switch.

Coal spray composition

Abstract: A composition for treating particulate hydrocarbon fuel material such as coal and lignite to reduce dust losses, improve cold weather handling and reduce spontaneous combustion. The composition is a blend of aromatic hydrocarbon oil and asphalt and has a high viscosity, high flash point and high initial boiling point.

Coal drying process

Abstract: A single step process for removing moisture from low rank coal using in-situ generated thermal energy by passing the wet low rank coal at room temperature into a moving bed of hot coal at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 300° C. at a rate to maintain partial combustion of the coal at atmospheric pressure, and in the presence of a gas at atmospheric pressure containing from about 5% to about 20% by volume of oxygen, the heat generated by the combustion being absorbed by the wet coal being fed to the system and being effective for drying the coal to the desired level, and separating the dried coal from the combustion zone, whereby the dry coal obtained is highly resistant to spontaneous combustion.

Spark ignited internal combustion engine

Abstract: The invention is in an externally ignited internal combustion engine which has one main combustion chamber per cylinder and one ignition chamber which communicates with the main combustion chamber via an excess flow channel, the opening member of which projects into the main combustion chamber and is embodied as a flame injector. After the ignition of the mixture located in the ignition chamber by means of a spark plug, when the jet of flame leaves the excess flow channel and enters the main combustion chamber through the flame injector, the fuel-rich mixture surrounding the opening of the ignition chamber is induced in the vicinity of the cooled walls of the main combustion chamber and thus the temperature of the jet of flame is lowered. In this way, the NOx concentration of the charge component comprising the jet of flame, and thus also the exhaust gas quantity as a whole, is reduced. At the same time, the turbulence of the charge in the main combustion chamber is rapidly increased at the instant of combustion, thus producing a much more desirable firing action.

Inhibiting spontaneous combustion of coal char

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the spontaneous combustion of coal char which comprises treating coal char with air following by carbon dioxide to deactivate the surface of the coal char to oxygen.

Inhibiting spontaneous combustion of coal

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the spontaneous combustion of coal which comprises treating coal with carbon dioxide to deactivate the surface of the coal to oxygen.

Four-cycle spark ignition internal combustion engine

Abstract: In a four-cycle spark-ignition internal combustion engine, knocking under a high compression ratio can be prevented by replacing the burnt gas which remains within the cylinder at the end of an exhaust stroke by a gas, such as exhaust gas, which is at a temperature approximating normal temperature, and that the ignition timing is controlled so as not to precede the knocking limit ignition point.

Internal combustion engines

Abstract: A spark ignited Otto cycle type engine have a fixed compression ratio which is supplied with a mixture of air and fuel having an octane number lower than that which would normally be appropriate for the compression ratio. The engine operates in a range below a predetermined high load without spontaneous combustion of the fuel-air mixture but will be susceptible to spontaneous combustion when operated above the predetermined high load. The engine includes means for controlling combustion of the fuel-air mixture when operating above the predetermined high load in a manner to decrease the efficiency of the engine and to prevent spontaneous combustion which would otherwise occur.

Combustion chamber structure for a gas turbine engine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent spontaneous ignition in a premixing chamber of a gas turbine engine by constituting same such that fuel and primary air are conducted to a mixture injection port separately by respective circuits which are independent of each other