Showing papers on "Stair climbing published in 1984"
TL;DR: It is concluded that perception for the control of action reflects the underlying dynamics of the animal-environment system.
Abstract: How do animals visually guide their activities in a cluttered environment? Gibson (1979) proposed that they perceive what environmental objects offer or afford for action. An analysis of affordances in terms of the dynamics of an animal-environment system is presented. Critical points, corresponding to phase transitions in behavior, and optimal points, corresponding to stable, preferred regions of minimum energy expenditure, emerge from variation in the animal-environment fit. It is hypothesized that these points are constants across physically similar systems and that they provide a natural basis for perceptual categories and preferences. In three experiments these hypotheses are examined for the activity of human stair climbing, by varying riser height with respect to leg length. The perceptual category boundary between "climbable" and "unclimbable" stairs is predicted by a biomechanical model, and visually preferred riser height is predicted from measurements of minimum energy expenditure during climbing. It is concluded that perception for the control of action reflects the underlying dynamics of the animal-environment system.
1,077 citations
Patent•
27 Aug 1984
TL;DR: A trackless climbing simulation exercise device comprising an inclined plane, a pair of interconnected hydraulic cylinders affixed to the inclined plane in a fashion allowing angular movement, and two steps one of each hung from the cylinder rods moving freely on the inclined planes and moveable in a generally inclined vertical direction to effectuate stair climbing exercise is described in this paper.
Abstract: A trackless climbing simulation exercise device comprising an inclined plane, a pair of interconnected hydraulic cylinders affixed to the inclined plane in a fashion allowing angular movement, and a pair of steps one of each hung from the cylinder rods moving freely on the inclined plane and moveable in a generally inclined vertical direction to effectuate stair climbing exercise.
32 citations
Patent•
21 Feb 1984
TL;DR: A baggage cart with two wheels 5 and three-stage extendable and retractable arms as discussed by the authors has a pair of runners pivotably connected to the arms to make smooth the movement of the cart over stair steps.
Abstract: A baggage cart with two wheels 5 and three-stage extendable and retractable arms (1) has a pair of runners (6) pivotably connected to the arms (1), to make smooth the movement of the cart over stair steps. A strut 8 is releasably engaged with catches 9 or 10 on the arms to vary the position of the runners 6.
3 citations
Patent•
02 Jul 1984
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that a vehicle can be prevented from overturning by moving the center of gravity of a cargo to a position G' through movement of a skid, even if an auxiliary tilting stand is not used.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable to climb up the foot part of a stairway by a vehicle itself, by making a center height of a driving wheel larger than that of a stair. CONSTITUTION:As a height (h') of the center O of driving wheels 5, 5' is larger than that (h) of a stair in climbing up a stairway, it is possible to make climbing at the foot part 51' of the stairway by a vehicle itself even if an auxiliary tilting stand is not used. Although the vehicle is overturned when a line of action of the center of gravity G of a cargo 51 lies at a position (a), the vehicle can be prevented from overturning, in this case, by moving the center of gravity G to a position G' through movement of a skid 52. In addition to the above, as right and left running devices 9, 9' can be turned and driven independently by right and left driving mechanisms respectively, straight travelling, turning and spin turning can be done easily.
2 citations