Showing papers on "Surface condenser published in 1984"

Adaptive temperature control system for the supply of steam to a steam turbine

Abstract: The invention relates to a combined heat recovery steam generator and steam turbine. An adaptive temperature controller establishes a target temperature for controlling the boiler temperature so that the steam admitted on the boiler follows a constant enthalpy when trying to match temperature of steam and rotor temperature.

Heat recovery steam generator outlet temperature control system for a combined cycle power plant

Abstract: In a combined cycle plant boiler an inlet temperature is adjusted or controlled while concurrently modulating the IGV's and the load of the gas turbine and the attemperator of the boiler, and concurrent modulation of the IGV's, the gas turbine load, the attemperator is effected as upon three independent control variables to adjust and/or maintain the boiler outlet temperature independently of steam turbine operation and to maximize gas turbine load control range. Control of the output temperature of one boiler is also managed in relation with the mixed temperature of steam from other boilers fluidly connected to the steam turbines.

Start-up control system and vessel for LMFBR

Abstract: A reflux condensing start-up system comprises a steam generator, a start-up vessel connected parallel to the steam generator, a main steam line connecting steam outlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel to a steam turbine, a condenser connected to an outlet of the turbine and a feedwater return line connected between the condenser and inlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel. The start-up vessel has one or more heaters at the bottom thereof for heating feedwater which is supplied over a start-up line to the start-up vessel. Steam is thus generated to pressurize the steam generator before the steam generator is supplied with a heat transfer medium, for example liquid sodium, in the case of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor. The start-up vessel includes upper and lower bulbs with a smaller diameter mid-section to act as water and steam reservoirs. The start-up vessel can thus be used not only in a start-up operation but as a mixing tank, a water storage tank and a level control at low loads for controlling feedwater flow.

Improvements in steam generators for use with electrodomestic appliances such as a steam iron

Abstract: A steam generator for use with an electrodomestic appliance comprises a water reservoir, a steam generator comprising a metallic block with a high thermical inertia and incorporating an electric heating resistor associated with a thermostat, an electromagnetic pump for injecting water to be vaporized into a steam chamber under the control of a push-button provided on the electrodomestic appliance. The steam generator with pump and steam hose may be relatively connected to any one of a number of different appliances such as a coffee machine, an electric steam brush, a floor washing apparatus, a steam disinfecting device and like.

Sludge removing apparatus for a steam generator

Abstract: A steam generator is provided which contains a manifold with a plurality of nozzles for breaking up and washing away sludge which has formed on the upper surface of its tube sheet. The manifold is rigidly attached to the upper surface of the tube sheet and remains in place during conventional operation of the steam generator. The portions of the present invention which are contained within the steam generator do not contain any moving parts and, thus, does not require human intervention in close proximity to components of the steam generator which may be possibly radioactive. High velocity streams of water are used to break up and remove sludge from the upper surface of the tube sheet and openings are provided through the wall of the steam generator for removal of the slurry in which the sludge is entrained.

Turbine protection system for bypass operation

Abstract: A steam turbine generator power plant which includes a main steam bypass path and an auxiliary steam bypass path which bypasses the high pressure turbine. The auxiliary bypass path includes a steam jet compressor which functions to pump up the pressure at the high pressure turbine exhaust to a value compatible with discharge into the main bypass path, and does so in response to measurement of the high pressure turbine output temperature.

Main steam inlet structure for steam turbine

Abstract: A main steam inlet structure of a steam turbine has two inlet tubes which are separable from an inner casing and an outer casing of the turbine and are arranged concentrically with a spacing therebetween to constitute an inflow passage for main steam are connected at one end to the outer casing and at the other end to the inner casing, by seal rings. Cooling steam extracted from turbine stage midway is supplied to a cooling steam passage of the spacing formed between the two inlet tubes, thereby cooling the inner inlet tube.

Exhaust gas steam turbine drive unit for automotive vehicles

Abstract: This drive unit comprises an internal combustion engine and a waste heat turbine unit wherein the energy contents of the exhaust gas are utilized. The waste heat turbine unit is provided with a rotating cylinder fashioned as a hollow member, carrying on its outside blading exposed to the exhaust gases. A medium convertible into steam is supplied by means of a device to the inside of the cylinder. This medium expands in the steam turbine unit with the generation of power.

Method and apparatus for calcining fine grained material

Abstract: Method and apparatus for burning fine grained material, particularly for the manufacture of cement clinker whereby the product quality is enhanced. At least a portion of the exhaust gases from the kiln at a temperature of about 1000° to 1300° C. are cooled by passing them through a steam generator to a temperature of about 200° to 300° C. At least a portion of the noxious substances such as alkali chlorides and sulfur are condensed out of the gas stream as well as possibly some mineral particles such as partially deacidified kiln dust. The materials condensed out of the gas are separated in the steam generator by means of periodic or continuous cleaning of the heating surfaces of the steam generator. The steam which is generated in the generator is conducted to at least one prime mover such as a steam turbine or a steam motor for the purpose of producing electrical or mechanical energy. In this way, the economic feasibility of cement clinker burning systems equipped with bypass devices is considerably increased by exploiting the high thermal potential of the bypass gases.

Steam generator with circulating atmosphere or pressurized turbulent layer firing, and method for control thereof

Abstract: The total evaporator heating surface of a steam generator with circulating atmospheric or pressurized turbulent layer firing is distributed over several partial surfaces which are arranged in a turbulence-type combustion chamber (1) in a flow-bed cooler (7) or in a waste-heat steam generator (9). The partial surface through which flow takes place first, is dimensioned for the required low-load operation of the steam generator. The steam generator is so regulated that during increasing load of the steam generator the flow-bed cooler (7) receives an increasing quantity of solids, and during sinking load it receives a decreasing quantity of solids.

Condensate draining system for temperature regulated steam operated heat exchangers

Abstract: A system for draining condensate from a temperature regulated, steam operated heat exchanger A buffer tank having a volume at least equal to that of the steam compartment is connected to the steam side of the heat exchanger, and a drain line extends from the bottom of the buffer tank to a condensate collection pipe located above the buffer tank The drain pipe from the heat exchanger includes an air venting device and a control pipe having a non-return valve linking the top of the tank to the steam side of the heat exchanger During low load operation of the heat exchanger, air from the top of the buffer tank can flow back to the steam compartment of the heat exchanger to equalize the pressures and permit drainage of the condensate even during low load conditions

Heat recovery device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enhance the efficiency of heat recovery from a relatively low temperature fluid, by providing a plurality of Rankine cycles which are arranged to be connected in series with respect to a heat source fluid. CONSTITUTION:In an installation provided with two fleon turbine power plant systems 10, 20, there are provided evaporators 11, 21 for heating and evaporating working fluid (fleon), steam turbines 12, 22 fed with steam for rotation, condensers 13, 23 for cooling steam to condense the same, and pumps 14, 24 for circulating fleon through the systems, the steam turbines 12, 22 driving generators 15, 25. The evaporators 11, 21 and the condensers 13, 23 are arranged such that the heat medium fluids (heating source and cooling source) are in series, thereby both systems 10, 20 are arranged in series. With this arrangement it is possible to enhance the efficiency of heat recovery.

Liquid piston compression systems for compressing steam

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to systems which can be used to recover waste heat available in the form of low pressure steam by compressing such steam in a compression system of the liquid piston type to provide steam of a higher pressure. The higher pressure steam can then be more advantageously used in industrial processes.

Model steam generator having an improved feedwater system

Abstract: A model steam generator including an improved feedwater system for monitoring the conditions of the heat exchange tubes within a nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. The feedwater system generally comprises a first conduit fluidly connected between the boiler vessel of the model steam generator and the feedwater of the nuclear steam generator via a first valve, and a second conduit which is fluidly connected between this boiler vessel and a feedwater reservoir by way of a second valve. The feedwater reservoir is in turn connected to a source of demineralized, deaerated water by means of a third conduit having a third valve. This reservoir is further fluidly connected to the feedwater of the nuclear steam generator by means of a fourth conduit having a fourth valve. The improved feedwater system of the invention gives the operator three running options. First, he may run the model steam generator directly off the feedwater used in the nuclear steam generator. Second, he may fill the reservoir with feedwater used in the nuclear steam generator and mix anti-corrosive or cleaning additives into this feedwater before introducing it into the model steam generator in order to test their efficacy. Finally, if anti-corrosive or cleaning additives are already in use in the nuclear steam generator, he may fill the reservoir with demineralized, deaerated water and test alternative additives. The improved feedwater system also includes a means for maintaining a turbulent flow through the feedwater inlet conduit so that particulate contaminants in the feedwater will not have an opportunity to settle out before the feedwater is introduced into the model steam generator.

Steam turbine gland seal control system

Abstract: A high pressure steam turbine having a sealing gland where the turbine rotor penetrates the casing of the turbine. Under certain conditions the gland is sealed by an auxiliary steam supply, and under other conditions the gland is self sealed by turbine inlet steam. A control system is provided to modify the temperature of the auxiliary steam to be more compatible with the self sealing steam, so as to eliminate thermal shock to the turbine rotor.

Turbine power plant system

Abstract: A turbine power plant system consisting of three sub-systems; a gas turbine sub-system, an exhaust turbine sub-system, and a steam turbine sub-system. The three turbine sub-systems use one external fuel source which is used to drive the turbine of the gas turbine sub-system. Hot exhaust fluid from the gas turbine sub-system is used to drive the turbines of the exhaust turbine sub-system and heat energy from the combustion chamber of the gas turbine sub-system is used to drive the turbine of the steam turbine sub-system. Each sub-system has a generator. In the gas turbine sub-system, air flows through several compressors and a combustion chamber and drives the gas turbine. In the exhaust turbine sub-system, hot exhaust fluid from the gas turbine sub-system flows into the second passageway arrangement of first and fourth heat exchangers and thus transfering the heat energy to the first passageway arrangement of the first and fourth heat exchangers which are connected to the inlets of first and second turbines, thus driving them. Each turbine has its own closed loop fluid cycle which consists of the turbine and three heat exchangers and which uses a fluid which boils at low temperatures. A cooler is connected to a corresponding compressor which forms another closed loop system and is used to cool the exhaust fluid from each of the two above mentioned turbines. In the steam turbine sub-system, hot fluid is used to drive the steam turbine and then it flows through a fluid duct, to a first compressor, the first fluid passageway arrangement of first and second heat exchangers, the second passageway of the first heat exchanger, the combustion chamber of the gas turbine where it receives heat energy, and then finally to the inlet of the steam turbine, all in one closed loop fluid cycle. A cooler is connected to the second passageway of the second heat exchanger in a closed loop fluid cycle, which is used to cool the turbine exhaust.

Steam-pressure reduction valve

Abstract: A valve housing in the form of a straight- or bent-passage valve accepts in the the valve seat between its steam intake and steam outlet a choking device in the form of a perforated bushing into which a cold-water pipe with jacket-side cold-water exits projects coaxially. A control piston is mounted in such a way that it can move inside the perforated bushing and around the cold-water pipe. The control surface of the piston simultaneously releases the cold-water exits in the cold-water pipe and the reduction bores in the perforated bushing, resulting in cooling of the steam and reduction of its pressure in the high steam-pressure range in accordance with load. The cold water is accordingly injected into the hot steam as it flows in and only then does the steam, enriched with cold water, pass through the reduction bores. The steam is subsequently multiply diverted in small subsidiary streams and further reduced by a downstream diversion-and-reduction unit, resulting in optimal mixture of steam and cold water, and finally a homogeneous cooled steam.

Stress corrosion cracking proof steam turbine

Abstract: A stress corrosion cracking proof steam turbine in which dry steam is blown into the gap between the hub portions of adjacent turbine discs, thereby preventing corrosion in the gap. A nozzle diaphragm is provided between the discs and has an inside circumferential face which straddles the gap. Labyrinthine packing is provided on the inside face of the nozzle diaphragm and comprises an upstream, an intermediate, and a downstream group of fins. A steam reservoir is located between the intermediate and downstream group of fins and straddles the gap. A steam supply means is located inside the nozzle diaphragm and provides dry steam (from inside or outside the turbine) to the reservoir and thus to the gap. To prevent leakage of high pressure wet steam into the reservoir, a steam leakage capturing means is provided between the upstream and the intermediate group of fins. This capturing means is connected to the low pressure side of the diaphragm via a steam leakage bypass means, thereby preventing high pressure wet steam from entering the reservoir.

Combined gas-turbine-steam turbine plant with preconnected coal gasification plant

Abstract: Combined gas turbine/steam turbine plant, in which the exhaust gas line of the gas turbine block containing an air compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine and generator is connected on the primary side to a steam generator which, in turn, comprises parts of the steam turbine block which also contains a high pressure and a low pressure turbine, a condenser, a feedwater tank and a feedwater pump. The combustion chamber of the gas turbine block is connected to the output of a coal gasification plant, the air separation unit which has an outlet for the separated nitrogen and the gasifier. The gasifier is followed by a steam generator for utilizing the raw gas heat and a heat exchanger for heating the purified gas by the raw gas. The steam generator arranged ahead of the raw gas/purified gas heat exchanger is designed as a high pressure steam generator, the secondary output of which is connected to the output of the steam generator of the steam turbine block. The raw-gas/purified-gas heat exchanger is followed by a low pressure steam generator, the secondary output of which is connected to the low pressure part of the steam turbine. The nitrogen outlet of the air separation unit located in the coal gasification plant is connected exclusively to the purified gas line leading to the combustion chamber or to the burners in the combustion chamber.

Method and apparatus for determining the properties of wet steam

Abstract: A partially collimated beam of thermal/epithermal neutrons is transmitted through a small bore pipe in which wet steam flows under a high pressure. A thermal neutron detector measures the transmission of the thermal/epithermal neutrons by the wet steam and generates a signal indicative of the density and steam quality of the wet steam.

Steam power plant

Abstract: PURPOSE:To aim at enhancing the thermal efficiency of a steam power plant, by providing a feed water heater which utilizes mixed steam from a steam ejector for boosting up the temperature and pressure of a part of a low temperature and low pressure steam discharged into a condenser. CONSTITUTION:There is provided a steam ejector 5 for taking thereinto a part 4a of low temperature and low pressure steam discharged into a condenser 3 from a turbine final stage outlet 2 and boosting up the temperature and pressure of the steam, with the use of a turbine breed and steam pipe 1 as a drive source. A feed water heater 7 which utilizes the heat energy of mixed steam discharged from this steam ejector 5 is incorporated on the upstream side of an existing low pressure feed water heater 8. With this arrangement, it is possible to enhance the thermal efficiency of the steam power plant.

Vacuum producing condenser

Abstract: An air cooled vacuum producing condenser is disclosed for condensing vapors containing non-condensible gases, i.e. air. The condenser includes a condenser chamber with a bundle of condenser tubes across the chamber. Inlet and outlet headers are disposed at opposite ends of the chamber. Water is directed downwardly onto the bundle of condenser tubes, and air is discharged from the interior of the chamber to create a downward flow of air through the chamber across the bundle of condenser tubes.

Gas-fired steam cooker

Abstract: A compact steam cooking unit includes a compartment for holding fresh or frozen food to be cooked by steam and an associated gas-fired generator of steam which are combined in a fully self-contained appliance which requires only conventional utility connections and can be mounted on a counter-top. The steam generator includes a powered burner firing into one or more fire tubes which are submerged in water which is maintained at a desired level in a water chamber. Steam derived from heating of the water passes from the water chamber through ports into the cooking compartment where it contacts the food to be cooked.

Model steam generator

Abstract: An improved model steam generator for simulating the conditions within a nuclear steam generator in order to monitor the condition of the heat exchange tubes and tubesheet of the nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. The improved model steam generator includes a highly effective separator assembly for separating water droplets entrained within the steam flowing out of the outlet of the secondary side of the generator formed from a plurality of separator grids, each of which includes an array of semi-cylindrical deflector members. The grids are vertically stacked with the deflector members transversely disposed to the flow of steam generated by the model steam generator. Each of the parallel arrays of deflector members in each grid is angularly disposed approximately 45° to the deflector members in the grids above it and below in order to provide a tortuous path for the flow of steam ascending therethrough. The separator assembly removes proportionately more water droplets from the steam generated by the model steam generator, which in turn allows it to accurately simulate the sludge accumulation characteristics of the nuclear steam generator being monitored. The model steam generator also includes a bankable condenser assembly which greatly enhances its turn-down ratio, as well as a feedwater pre-heater which allows it to accurately simulate the thermohydraulic conditions at a variety of points on the tubesheet of the nuclear steam generator.

Casing of steam turbine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent abrupt temperture rise of the casing so as to reduce heat stress, by flowing another fluid having different pressure, temperature characteristics from that of the main fluid in the space formed in the casing of the steam turbine. CONSTITUTION:A separating plate 24 is arranged on the inner fringe side of an internal casing 3 of a steam turbine, and fluid other than the main fluid 5 is introduced to a space 23 via a connecting tube 21 and an inlet tube 22. The steam flowed into the space 23 flows along a separating plate 24 towards the back flow side and enters the main steam side through injection holes 25 in the separating plate 24 to be mixed with the main steam 5. Consequently, the steam 19 with a lowered temperature is introduced to cool the internal surface of the casing when the turbine is to be started so as to prevent excessive heat stress.

Method and device for measuring steam quality

Abstract: Method and apparatus for obtaining a sample of the liquid component of steam and determining the quality of steam in a vessel or the like, such as steam flowing in a line used for steam injection in an oil well. The steam quality is determined by the known method of comparing the concentrations of dissolved solids in the liquid sample and the feedwater. A sample of the liquid phase of steam is trapped in a liquid vapor separator maintained at steam line temperature and pressure conditions. In this way errors due to condensation in the separator and its connecting lines are avoided. The sample is withdrawn from the separator into a collection chamber at a controlled rate which avoids reducing the pressure within the separator and thereby avoids the introduction of error because of erroneous concentration of dissolved solids within the separator sample. Errors are avoided also which in other methods and devices are introduced by the difficulty of obtaining representative two-phase samples and by deposition of solids in throttling orifices.

Steam generator recirculating system for a pressurized water nuclear reactor

Abstract: A steam generator recirculating system for use with the secondary coolant of the steam generators of a pressurized water nuclear reactor is comprised of two separate recirculation loops. Each loop contains a common discharge line into which a secondary coolant discharge line and blowdown discharge line from at least one steam generator feeds. The common discharge line contains a recirculating pump and a heat exchanger, with bypasses provided about each. The common discharge lines discharge into branch feedlines back to the steam generators. The system may also be used as a blowdown system leading to a steam generator blowdown processing system and may include a water purification means and used to purify the secondary coolant water. Cross-connecting lines are provided to permit optional use of a particular loop with various steam generators.

Single low pressure turbine with zoned condenser

Abstract: A low pressure double flow stream turbine is connected to a condenser and partition plates are disposed within the condenser and turbine to flow to two separate chambers and cooling water flows in series through tubes in the separate chambers producing different back pressures, the last row of rotating blades which discharge into the lower pressure chamber are longer than the last row of blades which discharge into the higher pressure chamber resulting in an improvement in the heat rate of the turbine.

Influence of Gas Turbine Combustor Design and Operating Parameters on Effectiveness of NOx Suppression by Injected Steam or Water

Abstract: Steam or water injection has become the state-of-the-art abatement technique for NOx, with steam strongly preferred for combined-cycle application. In combined-cycle plants, the degradation of the plant efficiency due to steam injection into the gas turbine combustor provides a powerful incentive for minimizing this flow over the entire plant operating map.This paper presents the results of extensive tests carried out on a variety of gas turbine combustor designs. Both test stand and field test data are presented. The usual fuel in the tests is methane; however, some data are presented for combustion of No. 2 distillate oil and intermediate Btu gas fuel. Similarly, the usual inert injected is steam, but some water injection data are included for comparison.The results support the conclusions:1. Steam and water injection suppress NOx exclusively through thermal mechanisms, i.e., by lowering the peak flame temperature.2. Design changes have little effect on NOx suppression effectiveness of steam or water in jet-stirred or swirl-mixed combustors.3. Primary zone injection of steam in methane-fueled, jet-stirred combustors is equally effective whether the steam enters with an air stream or with the fuel stream.4. Water-to-fuel ratio corrected to equivalent energy content correlates NOx suppression effectiveness for turbulent diffusion flame combustors.Copyright © 1984 by ASME