Showing papers on "Sustenance published in 2003"

Whither Mass Media and Power? Evidence for a Critical Elite Theory Alternative

Abstract: This article makes the case that critical research in media studies needs to devote more attention to the part played by media and culture in elite decision-making. It argues that the mass media/mass influence paradigm is, of itself, no longer adequate to explain the utility of communications in the sustenance of unequal power relations in society. Instead, evidence presented here observes that a major function of news media is to act as a communications forum for elites in their daily conflicts and negotiations. With elites acting as sources, targets and major recipients of news texts, inter-elite, rather than elite-mass, communications seems to be a key feature of the political process. These findings are based on a series of 98 semi-structured interviews with political and corporate news sources, and senior journalists in the UK.

Abortion: developments and impact in South Africa.

Abstract: The article seeks to clarify the context of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 (Act No.92 of 1996), the factors that led to its adoption and implementation including the role of research in support of policy development, the expanded utilization of professional nurses, and the respect and promotion of women's right to life and well-being. The challenges that cropped up on the road to implementation and sustenance are also spelt out. It is important to evaluate the programme because this will assist South Africa to improve on the performance of service delivery. It will also assist other countries, both poor and rich, to progressively realize the promotion of human rights. Lastly, the article also seeks to identify areas that will lead to the improvement of women's lives, and ultimately societal development and health.

Women and Household Sustenance: Changing Livelihoods and Survival Strategies in the Peri-Urban Areas of Ibadan

Abstract: This paper describes the livelihoods and survival strategies of lowincome households in two peri-urban locations in Ibadan, drawing primarily on interviews with 96 women who sell goods from makeshift stalls or who live in poorquality houses. This includes reports of these women’s perceptions of poverty, their incomes (44 per cent earned less than US$ 1 per day) and the strategies they used to avoid poverty (for all, working longer hours; for most, having their children engage in income-earning activities although, for most, this was after school or during holidays; and, for some, working in more than one business). Many had at one time farmed (mostly using “idle” land), but few now did so as the availability of land for farming had diminished.

The Oxford Dictionary of Slang

Abstract: PREFACE THEMATIC CHAPTERS The Body and its Functions People and Society Animals Sustenance and Intoxication Articles and Substances Money, Commerce, and Employment Behaviour, Attitudes, and Emotions Thought and Communication The Arts, Entertainment, and the Media Time and Tide Location and Movement Abstract Qualities and States INDEX

An examination of the relationships between select nature of work characteristics and organizational commitment of IT professionals

Abstract: One of the problems faced by IT managers in periods of prosperity and economic constraint is turnover. The effects of turnover, especially in times of growth, include escalating hiring and training costs. In more challenging economic times, turnover of key employees can jeopardize organizational sustenance. IT professionals' level of commitment to the organization is important in minimizing turnover. This study explores the nature of work context within the IT context and asserts that nature of work as contextually specified contributes to an IT professional's commitment to the organization. Nature of work in the IT context is expressed as core job characteristics, the level of group cohesion, and the level of role stress. IT managers and organizations can use this information to guide project assignment job decisions and improve job and work design to increase organizational commitment and ultimately to increase retention.

Voluntarism and civil society: Ethiopia in comparative perspective

Abstract: This article examines the challenges to building a civil society based on strong voluntary associations in Ethiopia, a country like most others in sub-Saharan Africa where neither the social structures nor the institutional setting is congenial to the growth and sustenance of a civic tradition. Drawing on the practical experience of Oxfam-Canada's work with voluntary associations in Ethiopia, this article argues that international NGOs ready to facilitate the growth of local civic initiatives can make a difference even in circumstances where the political opportunity structure is only marginally open. Oxfam-Canada's program, which does not involve financial support to local partner organizations, shows that it is possible to be actively involved in social and economic development activities, but stretching the role to involvement in promoting civil and political liberties implies risks that neither the Canadians nor the Ethiopians consider worth taking at this point. The article ends by discussing the implications of this research for the study of voluntarism and civil society in Africa, arguing that these issues must be understood in the context of prevailing social structures and the nature of the state on the continent.

Geography and marketing strategy in consumer packaged goods

Abstract: A significant portion of academic research on marketing strategy focuses on how national brands of repeat-purchase goods are managed or should be managed. Surprisingly little consideration is given in this tradition to the extended role of geography, i.e. distance and space. For instance, manufacturers of brands in non-durable product categories are well aware of the fact that their national brands perform very different across domestic U.S. markets. This holds even for product categories with limited product differentiation. In this chapter, we outline various processes through which the influence of geography on performance of national brands materializes. We discuss a number of alternative explanations for the emergence and sustenance of spatial concentration of market shares. Several of these explanations are modeled empirically using data from the United States packaged goods industry. This chapter closes with avenues for further academic research on spatial aspects of the growth of new products.

Quality Governance for Sustainable Development: India’s Obligation to Set a Model:

Abstract: Sustainable development and quality governance sound deceptively simple concepts. Any worthwhile development has to be sustained and sustainable over the long term. The major support for such sustenance in any modern organized society comes from the process of governing. This support may range from one extreme of state ownership and controlof production and all socioeconomic activity to the other end of merely providing legal regulation and material infrastructure. Research into this relationship can either take the empirical route comparing two or more actual systems of relations or a theoretical stance to work out the result of different sets of relations. This article does not take either of these academic routes for the obvious reason that the current provocation to define and explore this relation is the specific result of a series of identifiable developments in the last 50 years.

Collaborative Groups: Themes for Success and the Role of Universities

Abstract: The development of supply chains in agriculture has resulted in improved efficiencies and greater returns but the distribution of benefits within the chain is just beginning to be considered. Farmers, because they are perfectly competitive firms, face particular challenges in dealing with supply chains, which are otherwise composed of oligopolistic firms. In order to secure an equitable distribution of benefits from a supply chain, farmers will have to form some sort of group (e.g. a cooperative). Cooperatives, however, have a number of well-documented shortcomings as an institutional form. This paper identifies factors associated with the successful formation of collaborative groups drawing on experiences in Australia and the United States. Key success factors common to both countries include strong leadership, planning, the development of effective standard operating procedures, the creation and sustenance of social capital, and the availability of outside assistance. An agenda for research and outreach by universities and others is proposed.

Work Culture in Indian Organizations

Abstract: Work is a source of sustenance to human beings. The environment where the person works has a lot of effect on the efficiency and effectiveness. In a layman's language we can call this environment along with the processes working in it as the 'Work Culture'. With the opening up of Indian economy and the flourishing of knowledge based industries in India, this environment of work has considerably changed and it has a marked influence on the social lives of the people working in these kinds of industries. As these industries are located mostly in big/metropolitan cities and affects educated urban middle/upper class generally, this paper will be somewhat skewed towards these class of people working mostly in large organizations. I will also concentrate on defining work culture, on types of work culture, on the impact of society on work culture, on emerging work culture and finally focussing on the knowledge based industries.

Marine ornamental fishes of Gujarat

Abstract: With the changing scenario in marine fisheries of Gujarat, there is an urgent need for diversification of fishery-related activities into new areas of resource utilization. With the catches of many high-valued fishery resources declining, the sustenance of the fishing industry and the employment generated by it are at stake. At this juncture, marine ornamental fish trade stands out as a relatively new and potential industry for generating employment and developing trade.

Faculty Development: The Role of the Chair in Developing Tenure-eligible and Tenured Faculty

Abstract: When it comes to faculty development, institutions seem to suffer a personality split. While our work as educators is focused on developing either the young or the uninitiated with whom faculty spend a great deal of time mentoring, leading, encouraging, and counseling, our attitudes toward our colleagues often are grounded in a cult of individualism that can curtail intellectual exchange and even push individuals to seek their professional sustenance outside the home institution.

Euskara XX. mendeko testuliburuen arabera

Abstract: In this work the author discusses what has been published about Basque language (Euskera) in school textbooks, particularly in the ones published in the XX century for Basque schools to cover the so-called “Ingurunearen Ezaguera” (Environment) knowledge area. At the beginning of the century, Basque language was linked to the Basque Country, and all contents were developed from the idea of language as sustenance of the country. In the 1980s new perspectives appeared that subsequently would play a major role. From then on Basque language was defined according to the political organization of the territory, as the Basque Autonomous Community and the Foral Community of Navarre were established. When dealing with the Basque Country and its particular features, textbooks resort to political viewpoints, avoiding the sociocultural nature of those contents.

De la necesidad a la preferencias: los significados de la libertad

Abstract: In this paper we analyze the meaning of four concepts, subsistence, needs, wants and preferencesfrom the viewpoint of their association with the concepts of life sustenance and freedom. Ouraim is to show that the concentration by mainstream economic theory in the last two allows it toavoid dealing with the most important economic problems of today: poverty andunderdevelopment. Moreover, it trivializes the meaning of freedom, and specifically of freedomto choose. As freedom increases, loses substance.

Financial Systems, Risk Management, and Entrepreneurship: Historical Perspective

Abstract: Evidence indicates that the most successful economies in the world tend to be those that have developed sophisticated financial systems that contributed to their sustenance, growth and development.The important role of financial systems in shaping the global economy is analyzed from the perspective of economic history. Important aspects of modern financial systems are discussed from an institutional perspective and the importance of modern economic systems to the global economic growth and modernization is highlighted. In addition to standard economic reasons, namely the ways in which good financial systems promote efficient resource allocation, the different ways in which modern financial systems promote economic growth by promoting more efficient risk allocation strategies that allow for efficient risk management strategies are discussed. It is argued that modern financial systems provide for better risk management strategies and in the long run contribute to the development of entrepreneurial activity and economic development. (VRS)

De la necesidad a las preferencias: los significados de la libertad

Abstract: In this paper we analyze the meaning of four concepts, subsistence, needs, wants and preferences from the viewpoint of their association with the concepts of life sustenance and freedom. Our aim is to show that the concentration by mainstream economic theory in the last two allows it to avoid dealing with the most important economic problems of today: poverty and underdevelopment. Moreover, it trivializes the meaning of freedom, and specifically of freedom to choose. As freedom increases, loses substance.