Showing papers on "Theme (narrative) published in 1988"

Methodological, Measurement, and Conceptual Problems in the Study of Instructional Leadership

Abstract: During the past 10 years a good deal of attention has been devoted to examining the role that school administrators play in improving learning outcomes for students. One theme that has received con...

Black Sheep and Kissing Cousins: How Our Family Stories Shape Us

Abstract: When someone says, at a holiday dinner table, "Oh, those Lawrence cousins lose control all the time," or "the Davises always had more talent than luck," you can be sure there's a lesson being passed along, from one generation to another. Who tells stories to whom and about what is never a random matter. Our family stories have a secret power: they play a unique role in shaping our identity, our sense of our place in the world. The give us values, inspirations, warnings, incentives. We need them. We use them. We keep them. They reverberate throughout our lives, affecting our choices in love, work, friendship, and lifestyle. Elizabeth Stone, whose grandparents came from Italy to Brooklyn, artfully weaves her own family stories among the stories of more than a hundred people of all backgrounds, ages, and regions - clarifying for us predictable types of family legends, providing ways to interpret our own stories and their roles in our lives. She examines stories of birth, death, work, money, romantic adventure - all in the context of the family storytelling ritual. And she shows how stories about our most ancient ancestors may provide answers at milestone moments in our lives, as well as how stories about our newest family members carve out places for them so they will fit into their families, comfortably or otherwise. Upon its initial publication in 1988, Studs Terkel said that the book is "A wholly original approach to an ancient theme: family storytelling and its lasting mark on the individual." Judy Collins noted that "Elizabeth Stone's marvelous book on family myths and fables is irresistible. It lets us in on our own secrets in a provocative and exciting way." And Maggie Scarf wrote, "What a clever topic, and how beautifully Elizabeth Stone has written about it! I recommend Black Sheep and Kissing Cousins for everyone who has ever been raised in a family."

The Utopian Function of Art and Literature: Selected Essays

Abstract: These essays in aesthetics by the philosopher Ernst Bloch belong to the tradition of cultural criticism represented by Georg Lukacs, Theodor Adorno, and Walter Benjamin. Bloch's fascination with art as a reflection of both social realities and human dreams is evident in them. Whether he is discussing architecture or detective novels, the theme that drives the work is always the same - the striving for "something better," for a "homeland" that is more socially aware, more humane, more just.The book opens with an illuminating discussion between Bloch and Adorno on the meaning of utopia; then follow 12 essays written between 1930 and 1973, on topics as diverse as aesthetic theory, genres such as music, painting, theater, film, opera, poetry, and the novel, and perhaps most important, popular culture in the form of fairy tales, detective stories, and dime novels.Ernst Bloch (1885-1977) was a profoundly original and unorthodox philosopher, social theorist, and cultural critic. The MIT Press has previously published his Natural Law and Human Dignity and his magnum opus, The Principle of Hope. The Utopian Function of Art and Literature is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.

Platonic Writings/Platonic Readings

Abstract: The contributors to this volume focus on two main themes. First, the general problem of interpreting a Platonic dialogue: what assumptions about the text are made or ought to be made, and how do these assumptions illumine or conceal the content of the dialogues? The second theme concerns Plato's reasons for writing dialogues as distinguished from treatises, Plato being the only western philosopher to have written almost exclusively in dialogue form.

Looking and learning: Upper Palaeolithic Art and information gathering

Abstract: The paper identifies a theme in Upper Palaeolithic art of information gathering. It demonstrates that a significant number of images relate to the activity of information gathering from the natural environment about the location and state of large game. To do this, it describes some of the information gathering methods used by modern foragers, such as using tracks and trails, and then shows how the subject and stylistic traits of certain images relate to such methods. Having established this theme, the paper considers its implications for general explanations of Upper Palaeolithic art.

4. Foucault's Art of Seeing

Abstract: In his book called Foucault, Gilles Deleuze says of Michel Foucault that he was a great seer, a voyant. He declares that Foucault's seeing, and his discussion of seeing, are a constant and central part not only of his histories but also of his thought. He says that those who fail to take this part of his thought into account "mutilate" it to the point where it becomes comparable to analytic philosophy, something "with which it does not have much in common."' Deleuze attributes many things to the visual part of Foucault's thought. The territory of the visual spans knowledge, art, ethics, and politics, and so it illustrates why Foucault had no difficulties in dealing with "the relations of science and literature, or the imaginary and the scientific, or the known and the lived."2 The visual is also central to the way Foucault's thought would develop. It is the other component, along with "discourse," of what Deleuze sees as Foucault's "neo-Kantianism," and so it is linked to the theme of the "transcendental imagination" in Kant, and to the attempts on the part of Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger to go beyond intentionality to the "opening" of Being. But Deleuze also applies to Foucault the categories of the Danish semiologist Louis Hjelmslev that he had found useful in his study of film. He says that Foucault was a great "audiovisual" thinker, who was "singularly close to contemporary film."3 I think Deleuze is the first to "see" this side of Foucault's thought and to demonstrate its general importance in his work.4 I will not follow all the intricate

The Contribution of Expected Utility Theory to the Study of International Conflict

Abstract: The Contribution of Expected Utility Theory to the Study of International Conflict The study of international conflict has languished without appreciable evidence of scientific progress for more than two millennia Diplomatic and military history found in the Old Testament and in the writings by such classical authors as Thucydides or Kautilya, and of such more modern authors as Clausewitz, Creasy, Richardson, and Morgenthau indicate that good foundations have been laid and give hope that progress can be made A common theme runs throughout the classics of international relations That theme is the self-interested pursuit of gain by national leaders on their own behalf and on behalf of their nations This is also the theme of

Research on Teacher Learning: Studying How Teachers' Knowledge Changes

Abstract: (1988). Research on Teacher Learning: Studying How Teachers' Knowledge Changes. Action in Teacher Education: Vol. 10, Open Theme, pp. 17-23.

Critical Trends in the Study of Hunter-Gatherers

Abstract: "Hunter-gatherer studies" were authorized in anthropology by Lee & De Vore's imaginative combination of evolutionary and ecological adaptationist concerns in the Man the Hunter volume (108). While recent reviews of hunter-gatherer studies (16, 23) have explored significant substantive issues, they have not considered the importance of the comparative category itself in the formulation of anthropological research and theory. A major theme of this review is that the questioning of the category "hunter-gatherer"-rooted in varied responses to the evolutionary/ecological paradigm that constituted it-has been central to much contemporary work. Current writing about hunter-gatherers can be understand in terms of four categories of critique (or "attack") on the original paradigm of "hunter­ gatherer ways of life." I characterize the four broad theoretical orientations as (a) optimal foraging theory (or socioecology); (b) historicist (or ethnohistori­ cal) approaches; (c) comparative sociology in the Marxist and structuralist tradition; and (d) humanistic approaches. In the latter, grab-bag category, I include those emphasizing hermeneutic and meaningful interpretation of in­ sider's views, reflexive works, and the advocacy research of political engage­ ment often undertaken on behalf of hunter-gatherers. Given good reviews of optimal foraging theory (23, 52, 112, 159, 181), I focus on categories b, c, and d. Their joint critical stance towards single archetypes for hunter-gatherer society suggests that the "comparative method" be considered an enduring problem in anthropology, a problem particularly marked in the very constituting of the category "hunter-gatherer." For archeologists and social anthropologists, the category "hunter­ gatherer" as an evolutionary/ecological type had defined a shared area of

Social epidemiology and the work environment.

Abstract: A major theme in virtually all of Bertil Gardell's work is that the social and work environment affects health and well-being. This concern with the social environment has been a major influence in...

War's Other Voices: Women Writers on the Lebanese Civil War

Abstract: This is a study of Arab writers such as Ghada al-Samman, Hanan al-Shaikh, Emily Nasrallah and Etel Adnan. It presents a constructive literary approach to the ravages of the civil war in the Lebanon. The ways in which women's consciousness is awakened in terms of female liberation is a theme.

Studies in power and class in Africa

Abstract: These thirteen original essays bring the concept of social class to the analysis of contemporary African politics. Each considers different aspects of a single theme: the 'authoritative allocation of values', or who gets what when, where, and why - and who gets left out. The book addresses problems of major concern in the daily lives of ordinary people, pointing out just how precarious life was for most Africans during and after the colonial period. The authors, who represent a "highlight" of political perspectives and disciplinary backgrounds, also "highlight" the importance of the state, religion, ideology, gender, ethnicity, language, and international relations in determining policy and in understanding society in general. Readership: political scientists, sociologists, and economists with a particular interest in Africa; Third World specialists.

Malinowski, Rivers, Benedict and Others: Essays on Culture and Personality

Abstract: History of Anthropology is a series of annual volumes, inaugurated in 1983, each of which treats a theme of major importance in both the history and current practice of anthropological inquiry. Drawing its title from a poem of W. H. Auden's, the present volume, "Malinowski, Rivers, Benedict, and Others" (the fourth in the series) focuses on the emergence of anthropological interest in "culture and personality" during the 1920s and 1930s. It also explores the historical, cultural, literary, and biological background of major figures associated with the movement, including Bronislaw Manlinowski, Edward Sapir, Abram Kardiner, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and Gregory Bateson. Born in the aftermath of World War I, flowering in the years before and after World War II, severely attacked in the 1950s and 1960s, "culture and personality" was subsequently reborn as "psychological anthropology." Whether this foreshadows the emergence of a major anthropological subdiscipline (equivalent to cultural, social, biological, or linguistic anthropology) from the current welter of "adjectival" anthropologies remain to be seen. In the meantime, the essays collected in the volume may encourage a rethinking of the historical roots of many issues of current concern. Included in this volume are the contributions of Jeremy MacClancy, William C. Manson, William Jackson, Richard Handler, Regna Darnell, Virginia Yans-McLaughlin, James A. Boon, and the editor.

Gender differences in self-reported moral reasoning: A review and new evidence

Abstract: Sixty-four undergraduates wrote responses to the question, "When faced with a moral dilemma, what issues or concerns influence your decision?" The responses were coded according to one or more of 13 themes by independent raters blind to the subjects' gender. Six of the themes were identified as "feminine" themes and seven as "masculine" themes on the basis of previous work by Gilligan ([1982],In a Different Voice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts), Kohlberg ([1976], "Moral Stages and Moralization: The Cognitive-Developmental Approach," in Lickona, T. [ed.],Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Research, and social Issues, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York), and others. Only one association between gender and the presence of any given theme reached statistical significance: Thus, there is little evidence to support the idea that men and women differ in their reports of how they think about moral dilemmas. For all subjects, the average proportion of possible feminine themes in a response was higher than the proportion of possible masculine themes. This finding supports the idea than an exclusive focus on themes such as rights and responsibilities will fail to capture many of the considerations all subjects regard as most important.

Rethinking the South: Essays in Intellectual History

Abstract: Bringing together Michael O'Brien's essays on the American South, this book examines the persistence and vitality of southern intellectual history from the early 19th century to the present day At once a broad survey of southern thought and a meditation on the subject as an academic discipline, "Rethinking the South" integrates social history, literary criticism and historiography as it positions the South within the wider traditions of European and American culture In his introduction and throughout the ten essays that follow, O'Brien stresses the tradition of Romanticism as a central theme, binding together figures as disparate as critic Hugh Legare, literary scholar Edwin Mims, poets Richard Henry Wilde and Allen Tate, and historians WJ Cash and C Vann Woodward

What Am I Doing Here

Abstract: A personal selection of stories, profiles and travelogues. Chatwin goes in search of the Yeti in Nepal and follows the footsteps of his mentor, Robert Byron, in Afghanistan. It reveals his view of the world returning to the theme of "The Songlines".

Focus on Prevention

Abstract: What we are discussing is the notion of prevention as directed toward families. The idea is to prevent the break-up of families in our community which is costly both in economic and social terms … but, as I hope to demonstrate, there is more to it than that. Let me also say that the notion of prevention, both in theoretical and conceptual terms as well as in applied, practical terms is nothing new, it has been around for a long time. At the turn of the last century it became a popular theme with the advocates for an expanded role for local government in the U.K.; the work of Sydney and Beatrice Webb, in particular, made a substantial and important contribution there.

Small Differences: Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815-1922, an International Perspective

Abstract: The assumption that Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics are fundamentally different is central to modern Irish history. There are hundreds of books and thousands of articles that either presuppose the existence of Irish Catholic-Protestant differences or amplify the theme by illustration and anecdote. Small Differences examines what scholars have so far taken for granted.

System dynamics: a methodological perspective

Abstract: System Dynamics has been a recognised means of modelling and understanding the behaviour of complex systems for over 30 years. In that time it has been interpreted from several different perspectives. In this paper a theme is developed which cuts across these different views and opens up a further area of investigation. By considering the methodology of System Dynamics, the changing purpose and role of the approach are identified. Issues which were previously seen as sources of conflict may now be re-interpreted as examples of confusion caused by different views of what problems the discipline tackles, how it goes about investigating them and how this relates to the decision-making process.

Marriages & families: Making choices and facing change

Abstract: ItUs important for students to realize their individual actions and choices are influenced by broader social forces. By using a decision making theme within a sociological framework, Lamanna and Riedman provide the solid research and theoretical base that students need, along with the practical examination of personal choices and decision making that students want.

The Data Box

Abstract: After a glance at the relatively accidental, historical grouping of features in the Wundt-Pavlov and Galton-Spearman research traditions, we have embraced in the last chapter a new and more comprehensive view of the taxonomy of possible research designs. Therein we have recognized three “panels”—or separate areas of decision that contribute to the total planning of an investigation—namely, hypothesis theme (theory), experimental design, and analysis method, each with a set of four or more definable parameters.

Learning and Loving It. Theme Studies in the Classroom.

Abstract: "Learning and Loving It" explains what is meant by a theme studies approach to education and illustrates how it works with real case studies-descriptions of theme studies that were conducted at the award winning Dalhousie University Elementary School in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The authors explain that use of theme studies is a productive, child-centered approach to teaching that is possible in any classroom and successful with all children. While helping children develop thinking and problem solving skills, it promotes responsibility, confidence, and self-discipline through a learning process that children can actually enjoy!

Scaling Effects in Historical Biogeography: A New View of Space, Time, and Form

Abstract: -The metaphor "Space, Time, Form: The Biological Synthesis" has proven to be valuable in the development of theory and method in biogeography. It has also helped polarize biogeographers. In an attempt to unify the polarized positions and promote cooperation and appreciation among scientists with different special interests, yet another view of Space, Time, and Form is offered. Ecological and historical biogeography can be seen as portions of a contin*uum that relates temporal and spatial scaling effects in the production of biomass and diversity. The utility of this non-reductionist view is illustrated using a study of Neotropical freshwater stingrays and their parasites. [Biogeography; scaling effects; unified theory of evolution.] Productive research programs are characterized by a central theme or metaphor that provides a cohesive common reference point for researchers. In some cases, the metaphor becomes a leitmotif, a recurring theme that serves as its own rationale. In the past decade, one such leitmotif has emerged in biogeography and evolutionary biology. Croizat (1964) coined the theme metaphorically as "Space, Time, Form: The Biological Synthesis." Croizat combined recurring geographic distribution patterns for different groups of organisms with a form of orthogenetic evolution. A decade later, Nelson and Rosen (Croizat et al., 1974) coupled the search for recurring biogeographic patterns with a genealogically-based method and view of evolution. Despite this shift in methods of analysis and mode of evolutionary explanation, Croizat's original metaphor retained its utility as a unifying theme. A positive result of these developments has been a renewed interest in historical biogeography and what such studies might indicate about evolution in general. A negative result has been a schism between ecologically-minded and systematicallyminded biogeographers (see, e.g., Rosen and Nelson, 1981). The purpose of this paper is to suggest that Croizat's metaphor can be used as a leitmotif to help re-forge a synthesis between ecological and historical biogeography. As in the case of Croizat's original formulation and Nelson and Rosen's later modification, this view uses a particular concept in evolution. In this case, the concept is scaling effects in space and time as they relate to the production and maintenance of biological form. THE BIOLOGICAL ECONOMY The combination of "production" by biological systems and "exchanges" between such systems and their surroundings forms the biological economy. The production component comprises (1) "waste" (physiological dissipation), (2) "product" (biomass), and (3) "machinery" (genetic and epigenetic information). It is the arena of replicators. The exchange component represents the intersection of all environmental resources and the useful resources as determined by what it takes to "run the machinery." It is the arena of interactors. The source of these machinery requirements is the machinery plus the product (i.e., the genetically diverse biomass). The sources of the environmental resources are (1) abiotic materials and energy, (2) physiological dissipation ("waste"), and (3) biomass ("product"), since some organisms require other organisms as energy sources. The exchange component, which represents the source of energy and matter for living systems, is the ecological hierarchy (Salthe, 1985; Brooks and Wiley, 1988). The

Murder and Difference: Gender, Genre, and Scholarship on Sisera's Death

Abstract: Preface The Object Introduction I. DISCIPLINARY CODES 1. The Historical Code The History of the Texts The History of the People Connoted History 2.The Theological Code THe use of the Theological Code Religious Codes 3. The Anthropological Code The Concept of Judge The Ethnographic Context The Oral Code 4.The Literary Code The Polemic Lyric Code The Nonpolemic Lyric Code The Narratological Code The Aesthetic Literary Code II. TRANSDISCIPLINARY CODES 5. The Thematic Code Closing and Opening of Thematics The Theme as Starting Point The Thematic Code at Work The Thematic Code as Censor The Code as Method 6.The Gender Code The Gendered Subject The Gender Code and the Narrarive The Gender Code and the Song Conclusion References Index

Ascertaining the economic characteristics of peasant classes‐in‐themselves in rural India: A methodological and empirical exercise

Abstract: In 1976 the author developed a simple labour‐use index for the empirical identification of classes‐in‐themselves within a cultivating population. This index was subsequently applied, along with other conventional grouping methods, to farm economics data relating to Haryana, India. This analysis was complete by 1981. Part I of this article summarises some results of this methodological exercise in ascertaining the economic characteristics of classes‐in‐themselves. Part II is a critical discussion of an article on a similar theme by Athreya, Boklin, Djurfeldt and Lindberg in a recent issue of this journal.

Thersites in the Iliad

Abstract: The character of Thersites, as presented by Homer in Iliad 2, has received an almost universally bad press, typical of which are the comments of F. A. Paley: ‘one of the turbulent and insolent malcontents in an army, who use their best efforts to misrepresent the authorities and to incite sedition in others’. Paley's view is typical both in the unsympathetic view it presents of Thersites and in its tendency to see him as representative of a whole genre of subversive and recalcitrant soldiery. My concern in this paper is to examine Thersites within the context of the Iliad alone, without any regard for his treatment by subsequent authors, and to attempt to explain his portrayal solely in terms of the dramatic situation at the beginning of the Iliad. My contention will be that the episode of Thersites is an important element in Homer's introductory purpose of presenting the backcloth against which the poem's theme, the menis is acted out.

Three Old English elegies

Abstract: PREFACE, v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, viii INTRODUCTION The Manuscript, 1 Theme and Structure, 1 Sources and Analogues, 25 Poetic Achievement, 37 Dialect and Date, 44 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY, 49 SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY, 58 NOTE ON THE TEXT, 64 TEXT, 65 NOTES, 69 GLOSSARY, 95.