Showing papers on "Time perception published in 1986"

Real time perception of and response to the actions of an unencumbered participant/user

Abstract: Apparatus and method for using an image of the human body to control real time computer events wherein data regarding a participant are acquired through any means of imaging without marking the participant or requiring that he or she use or wear a stimulus source, sensing device or special clothing. Perception and feature analysis are carried out by specialized circuitry and computer software, and response to perception is expressed using any device controllable by a computer. Participants generally are unaware of processing delays between action and reaction, and their perception of an event is similar to dealing with a human being or animate creature. Perception and response occur in real time with action and reaction closely coupled.

Contributions of audition and vision to temporal rate perception.

Abstract: Two experiments demonstrated that when both vision and audition are providing information about temporal rates in the range of 4 to 10 Hz, audition has a much stronger influence on the bimodal percept than does vision. This case of auditory “dominance” over vision was shown to be neither the result of a difference between the sensory modalities in perceived intensity nor all artifact of the magnitude estimation procedure used by the subject to indicate perceived rate. It was concluded that these results provide support for a “modality appropriateness” hypothesis of the relative contribution of various sensory modalities in multimodal perception.

The effects of quantity, complexity, and attentional demand on children's time perception.

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of quantity, complexity, and attentional demand on children’s time perception. The appropriateness for children of two models of time perception founded primarily on adult research was examined. These models were the attentional hypothesis and the storage size hypothesis. Ninety-six children, 32 each of 6, 9, and 12 years, observed two and four displays of simple and complex shapes under conditions of higher (matching) or lower (looking) attentional demand. In accord with the attentional model, an inverse relationship was found between attentional demand and children’s time perception. However, in accord with the storage size model, a positive relation was found between quantity and children’s time perception. A developmental trend was also found: younger children were more susceptible to the quantity effect, and older children were more susceptible to the attentional demand effect. Results generalize adult findings to younger children, but the pattern of results is not easily explained solely by either model. Further refinements of either model, or development of a new model that can integrate the two separate findings, appears warranted.

Need for cognition related to time perception.

Abstract: Undergraduates who scored high on need for cognition tended to underestimate a 90-sec. filled interval and their number of correct single solution anagrams tended to correlate negatively with estimated time. Subjects high in need for cognition reported the task was easy but enjoyment and prior experience were similar.

Human Real Time Perception in Noise.

Abstract: : A novel device, the Real Time Perception Analyzer (RTPA), has been developed to measure the perception of real time as well as simple and choice reaction time under microgravic conditions on board the space shuttle. This study examined only real time perception; reaction times were not measured. The RTPA real time perception task produces a target dot that moves from left-to-right across a narrow, horizontal light bar. A vertical marker is positioned almost two inches beyond the right end of the light bar. The subject's task is to push a switch when it is estimated that the target dot has moved beyond the end of the light bar, a region where the dot is no longer visible, and reached the vertical marker. Sixteen subjects performed the time perception task under various conditions of quiet and noise exposure. Errors consisted of underestimations or overestimations of the actual time intervals which ranged from 1.75 to 14.0 seconds. Results indicate that subjects overestimated time intervals and that the greatest errors occurred for the shortest time intervals and in noises that changed during the task. Also, female subject estimates of time intervals were consistently shorter than those of the male subjects. These findings are compared to earlier research on time estimation and verify that the RTPA provides a reliable and sensitive measure of the perception of real time in noise. (Author)