Showing papers on "Vaccine trial published in 1981"

Intranasal vaccine trial for canine infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough).

Abstract: Two field trials were conducted during periods of endemic (summer) and epizootic (winter) canine infectious tracheobronchitis activity to evaluate the efficacy of three intranasal vaccines in a closed commercial beagle breeding kennel. A trivalent vaccine containing Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine parainfluenza, and canine adenovirus-2 was administered at 3 weeks of age. The vaccine was 71.2% and 81.8% effective in decreasing the incidence of coughing during the winter and summer trials, respectively. The number of deaths was lower in each of the vaccine groups than in the placebo groups. No adverse reactions were observed with any of the intranasal vaccines.

Influenza immunoprophylaxis after 30 years' experience

Abstract: The summary report of the Secretary's Conference on Influenza, held July 26, 1978, states that “As a broad generalization, influenza vaccine can be expected to prevent infection and disease for 1-2 years after vaccination in about 7 of 10 people who receive it.” The key word is “generalization.” After 30 years, questions still persist about the efficacy of inactivated vaccines under certain conditions and in certain populations for whom the vaccine is recommended, particularly the elderly. Many questions related to efficacy stem from the inate antigenic and biologic variability of influenza viruses and the variable susceptibility of host populations. Other questions relate to the validity of the vaccine trial itself and the methods used to evaluate efficacy. In vaccine formulation emphasis has been placed on minimal dosages because of cost and undesirable toxic reactions. Newly emerging technology makes it possible to consider vaccines of significantly greater concentrations which may provide answers to many of the questions on vaccine efficacy.

A Polysaccharide-Protein Complex from Haemophilus influenzae Type b. III. Vaccine Trial in Human Adults

Abstract: Polysaccharide-protein complex prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan was evaluated for toxicity and immunogenicity in adult volunteers given intramuscular injections. Most subjects had moderate local inflammation that was maximal the day after vaccination. No lot of vaccine significantly exceeded a saline placebo in production of systemic symptoms. Neither the local nor the systemic reactions of individual subjects appeared to be related to prevaccination serum antibody titers. Serum antibody responses to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]) component were detected in \800%7 of the subjects. The PRP content of the vaccine antigens varied, and the rate and extent of responses were as expected for an equivalent dose of purified PRP vaccine. Antibody responses were not enhanced by aluminum phosphate. There was no booster response to a second injection given after six months. Responses to the residual lipopolysaccharide component occurred in 80% of the subjects, primarily in the IgG class. Responses to the nonlipopolysaccharide somatic components were detected less frequently.