Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Elements Of X Ray Diffraction

As petroleum prices continue to increase, it is likely that biofuels will play an ever-increasing role in our energy future. The processing of biomass-derived feedstocks (including cellulosic, starch- and sugar-derived biomass, and vegetable fats) by catalytic cracking and hydrotreating is a promising alternative for the future to produce biofuels, and the existing infrastructure of petroleum refineries is well-suited for the production of biofuels, allowing us to rapidly transition to a more sustainable economy without large capital investments for new reaction equipment. This Review discusses the chemistry, catalysts, and challenges involved in the production of biofuels.

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Synergies between Bio‐ and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass

Recent advances in the science and technology of ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) production

State of the art and future challenges of zeolites as catalysts

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/206571/5/Valorization%20of%20alcoholic%20wastes%20from%20the%20vinery%20industry%20to%20produce%20H2.pdf

Valorization of alcoholic wastes from the vinery industry to produce H2

Cobalt catalysts supported on Y zeolite and mesoporized Y zeolite (Y-mod) have been studied in steam reforming of ethanol (SRE). Specifically, the effect of the mesoporosity and the acidity of the y zeolite as a support has been explored. Mesoporous were generated on Y zeolite by treatment with NH4F and the acidity was neutralized by Na incorporation. Four cobalt catalysts supported on Y zeolite have been prepared, two using Y zeolite without mesoporous (Co/Y, Co/Y-Na), and two using Y zeolite with mesoporous (Co/Y-mod and Co/Y-mod-Na). All catalysts showed a high activity, with ethanol conversion values close to 100%. The main differences were found in the distribution of the reaction products. Co/Y and Co/Y-mod catalysts showed high selectivity to ethylene and low hydrogen production, which was explained by their high acidity. On the contrary, neutralization of the acid sites could explain the higher hydrogen selectivity and the lower ethylene yields exhibited by the Co/Y-Na and Co/Y-mod-Na. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of these catalysts by XRD, BET surface area, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and TEM allowed to connect the presence of mesoporous with the formation of metallic cobalt particles with small size, high dispersion, and with high interaction with the zeolitic support, explaining the high reforming activity exhibited by the co/y-mod-Na sample as well as its higher hydrogen selectivity. It has been also observed that the formation of coke is affected by the presence of mesoporous and acidity. Both properties seem to have an opposite effect on the reforming catalyst, decreasing and increasing the coke deposition, respectively.

/pdf/sustainable-production-of-hydrogen-by-steam-reforming-of-21e2ghxdnq.pdf

Sustainable Production of Hydrogen by Steam Reforming of Ethanol Using Cobalt Supported on Nanoporous Zeolitic Material.

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/233915/4/Sustainable%20production%20IJHE.pdf

A. Chica

Papers

Valorization of alcoholic wastes from the vinery industry to produce H2

Sustainable Production of Hydrogen by Steam Reforming of Ethanol Using Cobalt Supported on Nanoporous Zeolitic Material.

Sustainable production of hydrogen via steam reforming of furfural (SRF) with Co-catalyst supported on sepiolite

Tubular membrane electrode assembly for PEM electrolysis

Ni and Co-based catalysts supported on ITQ-6 zeolite for hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol