Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Elements Of X Ray Diffraction

As petroleum prices continue to increase, it is likely that biofuels will play an ever-increasing role in our energy future. The processing of biomass-derived feedstocks (including cellulosic, starch- and sugar-derived biomass, and vegetable fats) by catalytic cracking and hydrotreating is a promising alternative for the future to produce biofuels, and the existing infrastructure of petroleum refineries is well-suited for the production of biofuels, allowing us to rapidly transition to a more sustainable economy without large capital investments for new reaction equipment. This Review discusses the chemistry, catalysts, and challenges involved in the production of biofuels.

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Synergies between Bio‐ and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass

Recent advances in the science and technology of ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) production

State of the art and future challenges of zeolites as catalysts

Can artificial neural networks help the experimentation in catalysis

By means of combinatorial techniques (high-throughput catalyst preparation and testing systems, and a genetic algorithm (GA)), a search of new more tioresistant catalysts for low temperature isomerization of light paraffins has been conducted. After three evolving cycles catalysts have been found that not only are active and selective but also are more resistant to deactivation by water and sulphur than the corresponding conventional ones. The results have been reproduced in a pilot plant and the stability is shown.

Development of a low temperature light paraffin isomerization catalysts with improved resistance to water and sulphur by combinatorial methods

Co/ZnO and Ni/ZnO catalysts for hydrogen production by bioethanol steam reforming. Influence of ZnO support morphology on the catalytic properties of Co and Ni active phases

The hydrogenation of CO2 to methane was studied on Ni-sepiolite and Ni-todorokite catalysts. Catalytic testing and operando DRIFTS studies revealed the excellent performance of in particular todorokite-based catalysts. The catalytic activity is related to specific reaction pathways depending on the support material. Based on operando DRIFTS studies, different mechanisms are proposed for the methanation reaction. Over Ni-sepiolite catalysts, a dissociative adsorption of CO2 is observed. Linearly and bridged bonded CO on Ni0 was identified as intermediate. On Ni-todorokite this dissociative mechanism is accompanied by an associative one. Here, carbonate species were identified as additional intermediates, the formation of which is facilitated by the MnOx support. The ability of Ni-todorokite catalysts to activate CO2 via a dissociative as well as an associative mechanism explains their excellent catalytic performance. The influence of the applied preparation method on the catalytic performance was demonstrated for the Ni-sepiolite catalysts.

A. Chica

Papers

Can artificial neural networks help the experimentation in catalysis

Development of a low temperature light paraffin isomerization catalysts with improved resistance to water and sulphur by combinatorial methods

Co/ZnO and Ni/ZnO catalysts for hydrogen production by bioethanol steam reforming. Influence of ZnO support morphology on the catalytic properties of Co and Ni active phases

Ni-sepiolite and Ni-todorokite as efficient CO2 methanation catalysts: Mechanistic insight by operando DRIFTS

State of charge monitoring of vanadium redox flow batteries using half cell potentials and electrolyte density