Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of substrate deposition temperature and background gas pressure. ITO films (200 nm thick), deposited by PLD on PET at 25 °C and 45 mTorr of oxygen, exhibit high optical transparency (∼87%) in the visible (400–700 nm) with a low electrical resistivity of 7×10−4 Ω cm. ITO films grown by PLD on PET were used as the anode contact in organic light-emitting devices. A luminous power efficiency of ∼1.6 lm/W was achieved at 100 cd/m2, slightly higher than that (∼1.5 lm/W) measured for the control device based on a sputter-deposited ITO on glass.

Indium tin oxide thin films grown on flexible plastic substrates by pulsed-laser deposition for organic light-emitting diodes

Dependence of the sheet resistance of indium-tin-oxide thin films on grain size and grain orientation determined from X-ray diffraction techniques

Influence of DC magnetron sputtering parameters on the properties of amorphous indium zinc oxide thin film

Recently, graphene has been extensively researched in fundamental science and engineering fields and has been developed for various electronic applications in emerging technologies owing to its outstanding material properties, including superior electronic, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. Thus, graphene has enabled substantial progress in the development of the current electronic systems. Here, we introduce the most important electronic and thermal properties of graphene, including its high conductivity, quantum Hall effect, Dirac fermions, high Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric effects. We also present up-to-date graphene-based applications: optical devices, electronic and thermal sensors, and energy management systems. These applications pave the way for advanced biomedical engineering, reliable human therapy, and environmental protection. In this review, we show that the development of graphene suggests substantial improvements in current electronic technologies and applications in healthcare systems.

Electronic and Thermal Properties of Graphene and Recent Advances in Graphene Based Electronics Applications

Low-temperature deposition of ZnO thin films on PET and glass substrates by DC-sputtering technique

Electrical, optical and structural characteristics of indium-tin-oxide thin films deposited on glass and polymer substrates

Electrical and structural characteristics of chromium thin films deposited on glass and alumina substrates

Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is a transparent conducting material which is deposited as a thin film on glass substrates for use in opto-electronic devices. However, there are several applications for which ITO films on polymeric substrates are desirable. The sheet resistance, optical transmittance, and microstructure of as-deposited ITO thin films on unheated polyethylene terephthalate substrates were studied using rf sputter deposition. During separate deposition runs, the partial pressure of oxygen was varied from 5% to 20% and the deposition time was varied from 15 to 120 min. No significant variations are observed in the sheet resistance with respect to oxygen partial pressure; however, changes in sheet resistance were observed in ITO films deposited on different substrates for short deposition times (15 min). Additionally, the thickness of the film (assumed to be proportional to the deposition time) is shown to have a considerable impact on the sheet resistance and the optical transmittance. The x-ray diffraction data coupled with the sheet resistance data suggest that ITO films exhibiting a preferred (400) orientation have the highest sheet conductance. The changes observed in the sheet resistance, optical transmittance, and the refractive index due to the thickness of the film or oxygen partial pressure during deposition are explained on the basis of surface roughness, free carrier concentration, and the microstructure of the film.

A.K. Kulkarni

Papers

Dependence of the sheet resistance of indium-tin-oxide thin films on grain size and grain orientation determined from X-ray diffraction techniques

Electrical, optical and structural characteristics of indium-tin-oxide thin films deposited on glass and polymer substrates

Electrical and structural characteristics of chromium thin films deposited on glass and alumina substrates

Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium-tin-oxide thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates by rf sputtering

Electrical, optical and chemical properties of indium-tin oxidized films grown by sequential electron beam deposition of indium and tin