There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/685594/file/1130605.pdf

Review of Particle Physics

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

To say that this is the best book on the quantum theory of fields is no praise, since to my knowledge it is the only book on this subject But it is a very good and most useful book The original was written in German and appeared in 1942 This is a translation with some minor changes A few remarks have been added, concerning meson theory and nuclear forces, also footnotes referring to modern work in this field, and finally an appendix on the symmetrization of the energy momentum tensor according to Belinfante Quantum Theory of Fields Prof Gregor Wentzel Translated from the German by Charlotte Houtermans and J M Jauch Pp ix + 224, (New York and London: Interscience Publishers, Inc, 1949) 36s

Quantum Theory of Fields

We explicitly formulate the vacuum quark-pair-creation model (QPC) of strong-interaction vertices (Micu, Carlitz and Kislinger) in terms of the harmonic-oscillator spatial-SU(6) wave functions and an explicit vacuum quark-antiquark-pair transition matrix (both displaying the quark internal momenta). The coupling constants are expressed as functions of masses and the oscillator radius. The structure of the formulas is in agreement with the expressions coming from VMD (vector-meson dominance) and PCAC (partial conservation of axial-vector current), and the quark-model calculation of leptonic decays. We carefully investigate the relation of this QPC model with the additive quark model with elementary meson emission, which is known to explain most of the hadronic decays. We show that we recover this model in a given limit. It is shown that in this limit, a term $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}(i)\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{i})$ (depending on the internal quark momentum) appears in place of the usual $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}(i)\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ term; the additional contribution is similar to the well-known "recoil" term of Mitra and Ross. The main limits of the model lie (i) in the presence of a phenomenological pair-creation constant and (ii) in the nonrelativistic character of the treatment. A critical test of our model is provided by prediction of the decay-products polarization. We find a striking agreement with experiment for the crucial ${A}_{1}$ and $B$ decays. We make a comparison with the parameter-dependent model of Colglazier and Rosner.

"Naive" Quark-Pair-Creation Model of Strong-Interaction Vertices

It is shown that the naive quark-pair---creation model, perhaps the simplest generalization of the additive quark model treating all the hadrons as composite, correctly describes the observed centrifugal-barrier effect in the baryon decays in which more than one partial wave contributes. Good agreement is found with the partial-wave analysis of Brody et al. of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in the 1690-MeV mass region. Comparison is made with the previous unsuccessful $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W}$ predictions and with the work of Petersen and Rosner.

Naive quark pair creation model and baryon decays

We review the infrared properties of the pure Yang–Mills correlators and discuss recent results concerning the two classes of low-momentum solutions for them reported in literature, i.e. decoupling and scaling solutions. We will mainly focus on the Landau gauge and pay special attention to the results inferred from the analysis of the Dyson–Schwinger equations of the theory and from “quenched” lattice QCD. The results obtained from properly interplaying both approaches are strongly emphasized.

The Infrared Behaviour of the Pure Yang–Mills Green Functions

Using the operator product expansion we show that the $O(1/p^2)$ correction to the perturbative expressions for the gluon propagator and the strong coupling constant resulting from lattice simulations in the Landau gauge are due to a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value of the operator $A^\mu A_\mu$. This is done using the recently published Wilson coefficients of the identity operator computed to third order, and the subdominant Wilson coefficient computed in this paper to the leading logarithm. As a test of the applicability of OPE we compare the $ $ estimated from the gluon propagator and the one from the coupling constant in the flavourless case. Both agree within the statistical uncertainty: $\sqrt{ } \simeq 1.64(15)$ GeV. Simultaneously we fit $\Lams = $ 233(28) MeV in perfect agreement with previous lattice estimates. When the leading coefficients are only expanded to two loops, the two estimates of the condensate differ drastically. As a consequence we insist that OPE can be applied in predicting physical quantities only if the Wilson coefficients are computed to a high enough perturbative order.

A. Le Yaouanc

Papers

"Naive" Quark-Pair-Creation Model of Strong-Interaction Vertices

Naive quark pair creation model and baryon decays

The Infrared Behaviour of the Pure Yang–Mills Green Functions

Testing Landau gauge OPE on the lattice with a $ $ condensate

Strong decays of ψdblac; (4.028) as a radial excitation of charmonium