Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

We have studied the three quark system in a relativized version of the quark potential model with chromodynamics. With parameters consistent with those of an analogous study of meson spectroscopy we obtain a successful description of the spectrum of baryons. The model naturally explains the apparent absence of spin‐orbit interactions in baryons.

Baryons in a relativized quark model with chromodynamics

This article reports world averages of measurements of b-hadron, c-hadron, and tau-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using results available through the end of 2011. In some cases results available in the early part of 2012 are included. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, CP violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.

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Averages of b-hadron, c-hadron, and tau-lepton properties as of early 2012

Automated one-loop calculations in four and D dimensions

A golden age for heavy-quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations at BESIII, the LHC, RHIC, FAIR, the Super Flavor and/or Tau-Charm factories, JLab, the ILC, and beyond. The list of newly found conventional states expanded to include h(c)(1P), chi(c2)(2P), B-c(+), and eta(b)(1S). In addition, the unexpected and still-fascinating X(3872) has been joined by more than a dozen other charmonium- and bottomonium-like "XYZ" states that appear to lie outside the quark model. Many of these still need experimental confirmation. The plethora of new states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c (c) over bar, b (b) over bar, and b (c) over bar bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. Lattice QCD has grown from a tool with computational possibilities to an industrial-strength effort now dependent more on insight and innovation than pure computational power. New effective field theories for the description of quarkonium in different regimes have been developed and brought to a high degree of sophistication, thus enabling precise and solid theoretical predictions. Many expected decays and transitions have either been measured with precision or for the first time, but the confusing patterns of decays, both above and below open-flavor thresholds, endure and have deepened. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.

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Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

We explicitly formulate the vacuum quark-pair-creation model (QPC) of strong-interaction vertices (Micu, Carlitz and Kislinger) in terms of the harmonic-oscillator spatial-SU(6) wave functions and an explicit vacuum quark-antiquark-pair transition matrix (both displaying the quark internal momenta). The coupling constants are expressed as functions of masses and the oscillator radius. The structure of the formulas is in agreement with the expressions coming from VMD (vector-meson dominance) and PCAC (partial conservation of axial-vector current), and the quark-model calculation of leptonic decays. We carefully investigate the relation of this QPC model with the additive quark model with elementary meson emission, which is known to explain most of the hadronic decays. We show that we recover this model in a given limit. It is shown that in this limit, a term $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}(i)\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{i})$ (depending on the internal quark momentum) appears in place of the usual $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}(i)\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ term; the additional contribution is similar to the well-known "recoil" term of Mitra and Ross. The main limits of the model lie (i) in the presence of a phenomenological pair-creation constant and (ii) in the nonrelativistic character of the treatment. A critical test of our model is provided by prediction of the decay-products polarization. We find a striking agreement with experiment for the crucial ${A}_{1}$ and $B$ decays. We make a comparison with the parameter-dependent model of Colglazier and Rosner.

"Naive" Quark-Pair-Creation Model of Strong-Interaction Vertices

We argue that the large energy effective theory (LEET), originally proposed by Dugan and Grinstein, is applicable to exclusive semileptonic, radiative, and rare heavy-to-light transitions in the region where the energy release E is large compared to the strong interaction scale and to the mass of the final hadron, i.e., for ${q}^{2}$ not close to the zero-recoil point. We derive the effective Lagrangian from the QCD one, and show that in the limit of heavy mass M for the initial hadron and large energy E for the final one, the heavy and light quark fields behave as two-component spinors. Neglecting QCD short-distance corrections, this implies that there are only three form factors describing all the pseudoscalar to pseudoscalar or vector weak current matrix elements. We argue that the dependence of these form factors with respect to M and E should be factorizable, the M dependence $(\sqrt{M})$ being derived from the usual heavy quark expansion while the E dependence is controlled by the behavior of the light-cone distribution amplitude near the end point $u\ensuremath{\sim}1.$ The usual expectation of the $\ensuremath{\sim}(1\ensuremath{-}u)$ behavior leads to a ${1/E}^{2}$ scaling law, that is a dipole form in ${q}^{2}.$ We also show explicitly that in the appropriate limit the light-cone sum rule method satisfies our general relations as well as the scaling laws in M and E of the form factors, and obtain very compact and simple expressions for the latter. Finally we note that this formalism gives theoretical support to the quark model-inspired methods existing in the literature.

Heavy-to-light form factors in the final hadron large energy limit of QCD

Hadron transitions in the quark model

It is shown that the naive quark-pair---creation model, perhaps the simplest generalization of the additive quark model treating all the hadrons as composite, correctly describes the observed centrifugal-barrier effect in the baryon decays in which more than one partial wave contributes. Good agreement is found with the partial-wave analysis of Brody et al. of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in the 1690-MeV mass region. Comparison is made with the previous unsuccessful $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W}$ predictions and with the work of Petersen and Rosner.

Naive quark pair creation model and baryon decays

We make an extensive comparison of the naive quark-pair-creation model of strong-interaction vertices for $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{N}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\pi}$,$\ensuremath{\rho}N$,$\ensuremath{\sigma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ with recent experimental results. The model describes any vertex in terms of a quark-pair creation in the $^{3}P_{0}$ state and a rearrangement leading to final states. The hadron states are given by SU(6) harmonic-oscillator wave functions. We show that the model correctly describes, without any additional assumption, the centrifugal barrier effect and also the "anti-${\mathrm{SU}(6)}_{W}$" coupling signs, features that are present in most reactions (with the important exception of $F{P}_{15}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\pi}$ for the second feature) and are included phenomenologically in the works of Rosner et al. Both facts are related to the presence, in the limit of elementary meson emission, of recoil terms depending on internal quark momenta. Contrary to other works, the model predicts the relative coupling signs for all the two-body baryonic decays leading to $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}N$. Concerning $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}N$ channels, among 18 predictions, 15 agree with experiment, comparing our results to the last report of the Particle Data Group, and three disagree. One of these three is the very serious failure $F{P}_{15}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\pi}$, which is among the best determined experimental coupling signs. We compare our predictions with parallel works. Unlike the model of Feynman, Kislinger, and Ravndal, in the limit of elementary $\ensuremath{\rho}$ emission, our model presents a recoil term in the spin part of the interaction, $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}(i)\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}[({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}_{i})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}]$. Thus, for $F{P}_{35}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{3}$, our model predicts an "anti-${\mathrm{SU}(6)}_{W}$" sign, in agreement with experiment and contrary to the prediction of Moorhouse and Parsons. For the controversial $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ production, the model is contradicted by experiment; we show, however, that the model could be compatible with experiment if the $I=0$, ${J}^{P}={0}^{+}$ dipion observed is not really a resonance.

L. Oliver

Papers

"Naive" Quark-Pair-Creation Model of Strong-Interaction Vertices

Heavy-to-light form factors in the final hadron large energy limit of QCD

Hadron transitions in the quark model

Naive quark pair creation model and baryon decays

Resonant Partial Wave Amplitudes in pi + n --> pi + pi + n According to the Naive Quark Pair Creation Model