There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.

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Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts

Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) is an important medicinal plant of India. Leaves, fruits, stem and roots of A. marmelos have been used in ethno medicine to exploit its’ medicinal properties including astringent, antidiarrheal antidysenteric, demulcent, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds purified from bael have been proven to be biologically active against several major diseases including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Preclinical studies indicate the therapeutic potential of crude extracts of A. marmelos in the treatment of many microbial diseases, diabetes and gastric ulcer. This review covers the biological activities of some isolated chemical constituents of A.marmelos and preclinical studies on some crude extracts and pure compounds to explore novel bioactive compounds for therapeutic application.

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Biological activities of crude extracts and chemical constituents of Bael, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. #

Medicinal property, phytochemistry and pharmacology of several Jatropha species (Euphorbiaceae): a review.

Trachyspermum ammi (L.) fruit essential oil influencing on membrane permeability and surface characteristics in inhibiting food-borne pathogens

Thirty four medicinal plants, belonging to twenty eight different families, were screened for potential antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, viz.Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM2719, Proteus mirabilis NCIM 2241, Proteus vulgaris NCTC8313,and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts was tested by the agar disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. The ethanol/methanol extracts were more active than aqueous extracts for all the plants studied. The most susceptible bacterium was K. pneumoniae, while the most resistant bacteria were S. typhimurium and E. coli. From the screening experiment, Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.showed best antibacterial activity. Hence, this plant may be used further to isolate and evaluate the therapeutic antimicrobials.

	 

	Key words: Medicinal plants, antibacterial activity, aqueous extracts, alcoholic extracts, Enterobacteriaceae

In vitro screening of antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of various Indian plant species against selected pathogens from Enterobacteriaceae

The antimicrobial potential of seventy-seven extracts from twenty-four plants was screened against eight bacteria and four pathogenic fungi, using microbroth dilution assay. Lowest concentration of the extract, which inhibits any visual microbial growth after treatment with p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet, was considered to be minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Water extracts of Acacia nilotica, Justicia zelanica, Lantana camara and Saraca asoca exhibited good activity against all the bacteria tested and the MIC was recorded in range of 9.375-37.5 microg/ml and 75.0-300.0 microg/ml against the bacterial and fungal pathogens, respectively. The other extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria, Thevetia nerifolia, Jatropha gossypifolia Saraca asoca, Tamarindus indica, Aegle marmelos, Acacia nilotica, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Mangifera indica, Woodfordia fruticosa and Phyllanthus emblica showed antimicrobial activity in a range of 75-1200 microg/ml.

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Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indian Medicinal Plants

Aim: The main aim of the present study was “Effectiveness of Information Booklet on knowledge of father about his contribution related to menarche of the daughter in selected rural area.” Background: The age of menarche or first menstruation is an important maturity indicator for assessment of development status of pubertal female. Puberty is a very important development stage for females. It involves a complex process of biological, morphological, and psychological changes that transform the body from that of child to adult. In female puberty is a slow process. During this time, female experiences their first menstrual bleeding known as menarche. Materials and Methods: A quantitative approach with pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. A total of 100 father were selected as sample for study using purposive sampling technique. Inform consent was taken from father. Pre-test was conducted using structured knowledge questionnaire and on the same day Information Booklet was also administered. After 7 days, post-test was conducted to assess the gained in knowledge using the same structured knowledge questionnaire to assess post-test knowledge of father. Data were analyzed with the help of frequency, mean and standard deviation. Chi-square was used to determine the association between knowledge of father regarding menarche of the daughter with selected demographic variables. Results: Study Findings revealed that majority of the father that is 87% were having one biological daughter in the family, 10% of father were having two biological daughter in the family, and 3% were having three biological daughter in the family. Majority of the father that is 94% were do not known when girls start their first menstruation and remaining 6% of father were know when girls start their first menstruation. About 99% represented that from wife they know about menstrual cycle and 1% of father were receive information from mass media about menstrual cycle. About 100% father show interest that they wanted to know about menstrual cycle and there was a significant association between the occupation were found significant at (<0.05) level of significance Conclusion: There was significant difference in the pre-test and post-test knowledge score of father, which indicated Information Booklet was effective in improving knowledge of father on his contribution related of the daughter. The administration of Information Booklet acts as guiding key for father to improve knowledge and aware themes self about daughter menstruation.

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Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge of Father about his Contribution Related to Menarche of the Daughter in Selected Rural Area

Aim and Objective: To unveil and document the folklore claims and dietary recipes of Bambusa bambos and Dendrocalamus strictus. 
Materials and methods: The study was intended to examine the 101 tribal individuals like traditional healers, tribal doctors and elder people in the field trips on their regular utilization of different species of Bamboo. 
Results: The study explored 13 contemporary folklore claims on B. bambos and D. strictus species solicited from various tribal pockets of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh and dietary recipes from the tribes of West Godavari  and East Godavari  districts, Andhra Pradesh. 
Conclusion: With this study, it can be concluded that various parts of Bambusa bambos and Dendrocalamus strictus are practiced as conventional drugs to treat different ailments by local tribes and conventional healers from Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. Besides this, the young shoots of Bambusa bambos are a fabulous dietary hotspot for several minerals. This recipe of Bamboo shoots has been in permanence among the tribes of West Godavari and East Godavari  districts for the past several generations. Ayurveda has also validated this fact owing to its therapeutic properties. By all its nutritive potential, it can be determined that it is not only good to the taste receptors but also healthy.

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Ethnobotanical and dietary uses of Bamboo unveiled by the tribes and local inhabitants of Chittoor district, West Godavari and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100710

Impact of Shodhana an Ayurvedic purification process on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of Croton tiglium Linn.

Background In ayurvedic practice, the Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) stem is used as a Medhya drug for its beneficial effects on memory improvement. Objectives The current study was planned to explore the Medhya properties of the Guduchi stem extract by observing its ameliorating effect on AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats that acted as a chronic model of memory loss. Materials and Methods The aqueous extract of the Guduchi stem was prepared per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and administered to the AlCl3-treated Wistar rats for 42 days. The biochemical assessment of the brain tissues of the treated animals was done by the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay, protein expression, and oxidative stress assays, namely lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase assay. The neurobehavioral assessment was done using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Results The EPM test revealed that treatment with Guduchi extract showed marked improvement of memory status in rats along with reduced oxidative stress, and a marked modulation of the AChE inhibition and expression of AChE tubulin proteins. Conclusion The results substantiate the Medhya properties of the Guduchi. Detailed investigations are required to be carried out to explore the precise mechanism of the neuroprotective action of the Guduchi stem extract against the AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats.

https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296221145063

A M Gurav

Papers

Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indian Medicinal Plants

Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge of Father about his Contribution Related to Menarche of the Daughter in Selected Rural Area

Ethnobotanical and dietary uses of Bamboo unveiled by the tribes and local inhabitants of Chittoor district, West Godavari and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh

Impact of Shodhana an Ayurvedic purification process on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of Croton tiglium Linn.

Amelioration of AlCl3-induced Memory Loss in the Rats by an Aqueous Extract of Guduchi, a Medhya Rasayana