A. M. W. Petersen

TL;DR: It is suggested that myokines may be involved in mediating the health-beneficial effects of exercise and that these in particular are involved in the protection against chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

TL;DR: Low levels of BDNF accompany impaired glucose metabolism, and may be a pathogenetic factor involved not only in dementia and depression, but also in type 2 diabetes, potentially explaining the clustering of these conditions in epidemiological studies.

TL;DR: IL-15 decreases lipid deposition in preadipocytes and decreases the mass of white adipose tissue in rats, indicating that IL-15 may take part in regulating this tissue, and results indicate that IL -15 may be a regulator of trunk fat mass.

TL;DR: It is concluded that smoking impairs the muscle protein synthesis process and increases the expression of genes associated with impaired muscle maintenance; smoking therefore likely increases the risk of sarcopenia.

TL;DR: Findings on the TNF-α protein levels in plasma and skeletal muscle indicate that measurement of TNF mRNA content in adipose or muscle tissue provides no information with regard to the degree of insulin resistance, which supports the idea that T NF-α plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic insulin resistance in humans.