MnO2-based materials have been intensively investigated for use in pseudocapacitors due to their high theoretical specific capacitance, good chemical and thermal stability, natural abundance, environmental benignity and low cost. In this review, several main factors that affect the electrochemical properties of MnO2-based electrodes are presented. Various strategic design and synthetic methods of MnO2-based electrode materials for enhanced electrochemical performance are highlighted and summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions toward the development of MnO2-based nanostructured electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors (SCs) are discussed.

MnO2-based nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors

Evaluation of the engine performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel-bioethanol-diesel blends using kernel-based extreme learning machine

Manganese dioxides, inorganic materials which have been used in industry for more than a century, now find great renewal of interest for storage and conversion of energy applications. In this review article, we report the properties of MnO2 nanomaterials with different morphologies. Techniques used for the synthesis, structural, physical properties, and electrochemical performances of periodic and aperiodic frameworks are discussed. The effect of the morphology of nanosized MnO2 particles on their fundamental features is evidenced. Applications as electrodes in lithium batteries and supercapacitors are examined.

Nanostructured MnO2 as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage

In recent years, alternative fuel studies have been conducted thoroughly by researchers through their experimental work Depletion of fossil fuel raised the attention of researchers to investigate renewable energy sources such as biodiesel and alcohol There is a lack of literature review study on the viability of alcohol acting as additive in biodiesel-diesel fuel blends Thus, this review paper studies on the effects of various alcohol additives in biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on combustion behaviour, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines The physicochemical properties of alcohol and biodiesel are rigorously discussed, in which they are the main factors in determining the quality of the blended fuel The aim of this paper is to identify the potential of alcohol fuel as an additive in the blended biodiesel and diesel fuel in correspond to the type of alcohol, blending ratio and engine operation conditions Wide range of results from previous research studies with different types of compression-ignition engine, different engine operation conditions and varieties of alcohol-biodiesel-diesel fuel blending ratios were collected in this literature review study Combustion behaviour such as coefficient of variations (COV), in-cylinder pressure, ignition delay, heat release rate and combustion duration are presented Low cetane number and high latent heat of vaporization of alcohol cause a longer ignition delay, produce higher rate of heat release and lower in-cylinder pressure when compared with that of diesel fuel Low density and viscosity of alcohol improve the spray characteristics and enhance air-fuel mixing process In terms of engine performance analysis, the presence of oxygen in alcohol fuel promotes a more complete combustion; hence, resulting in an increase of thermal efficiency In turn, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) are decreasing

Effects of physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel blends with alcohol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions: A review

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular in many countries of the world. EVs are proving more energy efficient and environmental friendly than ICEVs. But the lack of charging stati...

A Comprehensive Review on Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging System

Effects of oxygen enriched combustion on pollution and performance characteristics of a diesel engine

Effect of Fe doping on the electrochemical capacitor behavior of MnO2 nanocrystals

Herein, we suggest a simple chemical precipitation method for the preparation of bare and different levels of Zn doped MnO2 nanoparticles as electrodes for supercapacitors. The structure and chemical composition of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The morphologies of the undoped and doped products were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM). The surface areas and pore volumes of the products were determined from N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm curves and the results reveal that MnO2 doped with Zn yields a smaller particle size, higher specific surface area, and a larger pore volume than those of pure MnO2. The capacitance behavior of the products was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and impedance spectroscopy. The results of the capacitance behavior reveal the improved capacitance performance for MnO2 on Zn doping. Especially, among the doped products, MnO2 doped with 0.125 M Zn gives the high specific capacitance of 620 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1. The present work may open up a new path for the improvement of pseudocapacitance behavior of manganese oxide by Zn doping.

Influence of Zn doping on the electrochemical capacitor behavior of MnO2 nanocrystals

Pulsed current and dual pulse gas metal arc welding of grade AISI: 310S austenitic stainless steel

In this work, the most detrimental missense mutations of aspartoacylase that cause Canavan’s disease were identified computationally and the substrate binding efficiencies of those missense mutations were analyzed. Out of 30 missense mutations, I-Mutant 2.0, SIFT and PolyPhen programs identified 22 variants that were less stable, deleterious and damaging respectively. Subsequently, modeling of these 22 variants was performed to understand the change in their conformations with respect to the native aspartoacylase by computing their root mean squared deviation (RMSD). Furthermore, the native protein and the 22 mutants were docked with the substrate NAA (N-Acetyl-Aspartic acid) to explain the substrate binding efficiencies of those detrimental missense mutations. Among the 22 mutants, the docking studies identified that 15 mutants caused lower binding affinity for NAA than the native protein. Finally, normal mode analysis determined that the loss of binding affinity of these 15 mutants was caused by altered flexibility in the amino acids that bind to NAA compared with the native protein. Thus, the present study showed that the majority of the substrate-binding amino acids in those 15 mutants displayed loss of flexibility, which could be the theoretical explanation of decreased binding affinity between the mutant aspartoacylases and NAA.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11427-012-4406-8.pdf

A. Senthilkumar

Papers

Effects of oxygen enriched combustion on pollution and performance characteristics of a diesel engine

Effect of Fe doping on the electrochemical capacitor behavior of MnO2 nanocrystals

Influence of Zn doping on the electrochemical capacitor behavior of MnO2 nanocrystals

Pulsed current and dual pulse gas metal arc welding of grade AISI: 310S austenitic stainless steel

Computational analysis of deleterious missense mutations in aspartoacylase that cause Canavan's disease.