Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Obesity and overweight (ICD-10 E66).

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using Hibiscus subdariffa leaf extract. Temperature dependent synthesis and particle growth have been studied. Formation of NPs was confirmed by UV-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electron microscopy has been used to study the morphology and size distribution of the synthesized particles. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles as potential anti-bacterial agents have been studied on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Another study has indicated that small sized ZnO NPs, stabilized by plant metabolites had better anti-diabetic effect on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice than that of large sized ZnO particles. It has also been observed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that ZnO can induce the function of Th1, Th2 cells and expressions of insulin receptors and other genes of the pancreas associated with diabetes.

/pdf/green-synthesis-of-zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-using-hibiscus-4a9gxx4130.pdf

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Hibiscus subdariffa leaf extract: effect of temperature on synthesis, anti-bacterial activity and anti-diabetic activity

The bioactivity of semiconductor nanocomplexes has been poorly studied in the field of pesticide science. In this research, the synthesis of zinc nanoparticles was accomplished through new effortless green chemistry process, using the Ulva lactuca seaweed extract as a reducing and capping agent. The production of U. lactuca-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles (Ul-ZnO Nps) was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The U. lactuca-fabricated ZnO NPs were tested for their photodegradative action against organic dyes, as well as for antibiofilm and larvicidal activities. The UV visible absorbance spectrum of Ul-ZnO NPs exhibited the absorbance band at 325nm and TEM highlighted average crystallite sizes of nanoparticles of 10-50nm. Methylene blue (MB) dye was efficiently corrupted under sunlight in presence of Ul-ZnO NPs. Excellent bactericidal activity was shown by the Ul-ZnO Nps on Gram positive (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilis) and Gram negative (Escherichia coliand Proteus vulgaris) bacteria. High antibiofilm potential was noted under both dark and sunlight conditions. The impact of a single treatment with Ul-ZnO NPs on biofilm architecture was also analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) on both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Moreover, Ul-ZnO NPs led to 100% mortality of Aedes aegypti fourth instar larvae at the concentration of 50μg/ml within 24h. The effects of ZnO nanoparticle-based treatment on mosquito larval morphology and histology were monitored. Overall, based on our results, we believe that the synthesis of multifunctional Ul-ZnO Nps using widely available seaweed products can be promoted as a potential eco-friendly option to chemical methods currently used for nanosynthesis of antimicrobials and insecticides.

Facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ulva lactuca seaweed extract and evaluation of their photocatalytic, antibiofilm and insecticidal activity.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via plant extracts: beginning a new era in cancer theranostics

The use of nanoparticles in medicine is an attractive proposition. In the present study, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity. Fifty male albino rats with weight 120 ± 20 and age 6 months were used. Animals were grouped as follows: control; did not receive any type of treatment, diabetic; received a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg), diabetic + zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), received single daily oral dose of 10 mg/kg ZnONPs in suspension, diabetic + silver nanoparticles (SNPs); received a single daily oral dose of SNP of 10 mg/kg in suspension and diabetic + insulin; received a single subcutaneous dose of 0.6 units/50 g body weight. Zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles induce a significant reduced blood glucose, higher serum insulin, higher glucokinase activity higher expression level of insulin, insulin receptor, GLUT-2 and glucokinase genes in diabetic rats treated with zinc oxide, silver nanoparticles and insulin. In conclusion, zinc oxide and sliver nanoparticles act as potent antidiabetic agents.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/2/2015/pdf

Antidiabetic Activity of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic diseases having several complications. Nigella sativa oil (NSO) might have beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetic complications. Thirty-two mature male Wistar rats were equally divided into four experimental groups: control, control NSO 2 mL/kg, streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic, and diabetic (STZ-induced) treated with oral NSO 2 mg/kg for 30 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and lipid profile levels were determined. Pancreatic and hepatic tissues were used for catalase and GSH. Histopathology, hepatic glycogen contents, insulin immunohistochemistry, and pancreatic islet morphometry were performed. NSO 2 mL/kg was noticed to decrease ( ) FBG and increase ( ) insulin levels in diabetic rats than in diabetic nontreated animals. Lipid profile showed significant ( ) improvement in diabetic rats that received NSO 2 mL/kg than in the diabetic group. Both pancreatic and hepatic catalase and GSH activities revealed a significant ( ) increment in the diabetic group treated with NSO than in the diabetic animals. NSO improved the histopathological picture and hepatic glycogen contents of the diabetic group as well as increased ( ) insulin immunoreactive parts % and mean pancreatic islet diameter. NSO exerts ameliorative and therapeutic effects on the STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats.

/pdf/black-seed-thymoquinone-improved-insulin-secretion-hepatic-1kkmydq2d7.pdf

Black Seed Thymoquinone Improved Insulin Secretion, Hepatic Glycogen Storage, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on antioxidants in Nile tilapia muscles and the protective role of vitamins C and E were examined. Two hundred males of Nile tilapia were held in aquaria (10 fishes/aquarium). Fishes were divided into 5 groups: 40 fishes in each group; the first group was the control; the 2nd and 3rd groups were exposed to 1 and 2 mg/L of ZnONPs, respectively; and the 4th and 5th group were exposed to 1 and 2 mg/L of ZnONPs and treated with a (500 mg/kg diet) mixture of vitamin C and E mixture (250 mg/kg diet of each). Muscles were collected on the 7th and 15th day of treatments. Muscle malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were measured after treatments. Relative quantification of SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, and GST mRNA transcripts was detected in the muscles. Results showed that MDA and GSH concentration; SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, and GST activities; and mRNA expression were significantly decreased in groups exposed to ZnONPs. Vitamins C and E significantly ameliorated the toxic effects of ZnONPs. In conclusion, vitamins C and E have the ability to ameliorate ZnONP oxidative stress toxicity in Nile tilapia.

/pdf/oxidative-stress-in-the-muscles-of-the-fish-nile-tilapia-45kk6eaktg.pdf

Oxidative Stress in the Muscles of the Fish Nile Tilapia Caused by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Modulation by Vitamins C and E

Bisphenol A (BPA)—an endocrine disruptor xenoestrogen—is widely spread in the environment Lycopene (LYC) is an antioxidant phytochemical carotenoid The hereby study was designed to verify the deleterious effect of BPA on cyclic female rats’ hepatic tissue as well as evaluation of the effect of LYC toward BPA hepatic perturbation Twenty-eight female Wistar rats were allocated equally into four groups: control group, LYC group (10 mg/kg Bwt), BPA group (10 mg/kg Bwt), and BPA + LYC group (the same doses as former groups) The treatments were given daily via gavage to the rats for 30 days The rats in BPA displayed high activities of serum liver enzymes with low levels of total proteins (TP) and albumin Moreover, BPA induced hepatic oxidative stress via depletion of antioxidant enzymes concomitant with augmentation of lipid peroxidation, increased comet tail DNA %, and overexpression of caspase-3 Meanwhile, LYC administration reduced the cytotoxic effects of BPA on hepatic tissue, through improving the liver function biomarkers and oxidant-antioxidant state as well as DNA damage around the control values These findings were confirmed by hepatic histopathological examination Finally, LYC credited to have a noticeable protective effect versus BPA provoked oxidative injury and apoptosis of the liver tissue

/pdf/lycopene-hepatoprotective-and-antioxidant-effects-toward-1g4y22usrw.pdf

Lycopene: Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects toward Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity in Female Wistar Rats.

Objective To test the ability of both zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and silver nanoparticles (SNPs) to ameliorate the oxidative stress resulted from diabetes in diabetic rats. Methods Fifty male albino rats were used; ten of them were served as control group and forty, as the experiment group, were injected with streptozotocin at the single intraperitoneal dose of 100 mg/kg. Then, the experiment group was subdivided into, diabetic, diabetic + ZnONPs, diabetic + SNPs and diabetic + insulin groups. The activities and mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were determined in brain tissues. Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, zinc and silver concentrations were estimated in the brain tissues of all rats. Results A significant increase in the activities and mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase was shown. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased while there was a significant increase in the zinc, silver concentrations and total antioxidant capacity in brain of ZnONPs and SNPs treated rats, compared with diabetic or diabetic + insulin group and their control group. Conclusions ZnONPs and SNPs can be used to ameliorate the oxidative stress in brain resulted from diabetes mellitus.

Aaser M. Abdelazim

Papers

Antidiabetic Activity of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Black Seed Thymoquinone Improved Insulin Secretion, Hepatic Glycogen Storage, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

Oxidative Stress in the Muscles of the Fish Nile Tilapia Caused by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Modulation by Vitamins C and E

Lycopene: Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects toward Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity in Female Wistar Rats.

Ameliorative effect of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles on antioxidant system in the brain of diabetic rats