Elements Of X Ray Diffraction

Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

(1990). Conversion of Methane by Oxidative Coupling. Catalysis Reviews: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 163-227.

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Conversion of Methane by Oxidative Coupling

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Analysis Synthesis And Design Of Chemical Processes

Natural gas is an abundant resource in various parts of the world. Methane is the major component of natural gas, often comprising over 90 mol% of the hydrocarbon fraction of the gas. Methane itself is primarily used as a fuel, while the nonmethane components can be separated and used as feedstocks for the production of chemicals or liquid fuels. In many cases, however, natural gas reserves are found in locations distant from their place of utilization. Since it is not generally economical to transport liquefied natural gas, efficient methods are needed to convert methane into transportable liquid products. A possible route is oxidative dimerization of methane followed by oligomer-ization of the C2 products.

Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons

V 2 O 5 catalyst promoted by foreign ions were prepared by impregnation method using the nitrates of Fe, Co or Ni mixed with ammonium metavanadate in ratios ranging from 0.5 up to 50 at%. The parent materials were thermally decomposed and annealed in air. The resulting solids have been characterized using surface area measurements.2-Propanol decomposition reaction in flow system was carried out tracing the samples activity. Using the electrical conductivity measurements with and without 2-propanol in the gas feed, π varies in a way that it decreases when 0.5 at% foreign ion was added then it turns to reach higher values. When 2-propanol was introduced in the feed gas, a noticable increase in the steady state conductance owing to π-propyl alcohol electrons injected into the surface holes. It was identified that the catalysts selectivity towards propylene is higher than that for acetone and goes in the direction V 2 O 5 -Fe 2 O 3 > V 2 O 5 -NiO > V 2 O 5 -Co 3 O 4 . Adopting the mass transfer considerations treatments, it appears that the surface porosity does not hinder the reaction pathway.

Influence of Foreign Oxides Added to Unsupported V2 O5 Catalyst on its Electronic Properties During the Thermal Decomposition of 2-Propanol

Over the past years, non-stop research and development has continued to find the most suitable bleaching sequence for each source of fibrous raw materials, both wood and non-wood, by improving mixing technology. In this work, the role of ozone bleaching and nano-filler loading on the quality of papermaking from sorghum bagasse as an alternative available agriculture residue in Egypt was studied. We bleached the sorghum Kraft pulp using D0EOD1 and ZEOD sequences to achieve a final high brightness and suitable mechanical strength. The quality of the pulp obtained is proved to be excellent for paper industry. CaCO3 nano-filler was applied on bleached pulp sheets in order to decrease the production costs through increasing filler loading. The FTIR spectrum of this filler loaded on the pulp indicates the existence of some kind of bonds between them. In addition, it was observed that the particle size was reduced after the milling process. The nano-filler significantly enhanced the retention and consequently all the paper optical properties. Addition of nano-filler loading leads to improving brightness, opacity, scattering coefficient, and acceptable mechanical strength of sheet formation needed for papermaking. It is of interest to note that adopting the ZEOD sequence gave a brightness increase from 86 ISO in case of DoEOD1 to 90 ISO. Furthermore, the paper sheets filled with the nano-filler, according to this sequence, improved the brightness to be 94.6 ISO, a value higher than that produced by the standard commercial filler of 93.3 ISO. 

An approach for application of ozone bleaching and nano‐filler loading on quality of papermaking from sorghum bagasse as a promise alternative non‐wood fiber

Abstract Annually, a growing demand was noted for replacing petroleum fuels with second-generation eco-friendly fuels like dimethyl ether (DME). Methanol dehydration into DME process has been considered as one of the potential pathways for the manufacture of a clean fuel. However, stable, and active catalyst is exceedingly requisite for generation of DME particularly at reasonably low temperature. In the current study, zirconia incorporated AlPO 4 tridymite microporous molecular sieve catalysts were fabricated by a hydrothermal method in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a structure directing agent. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N 2 -sorption assessments. Catalysts’ acidity was estimated by decomposition of isopropanol, pyridine and dimethyl pyridine chemisorption, and pyridine-TPD. Results revealed that catalysts surfaces composed acid sites of Brønsted nature and of weak and medium strengths. Activity results showed that 1 wt% H 2 SO 4 modified zirconia incorporated AlPO 4 -TRI catalyst calcined at 400 °C presented the best activity with a conversion of 89% and a 100% selectivity into DME at 250 °C. The significant catalytic activity is well-connected to the variation in BET-surface area, acidity, and activation energy of methanol dehydration. The catalysts offered long-term stability for 120 h and could be regenerated with almost the same activity and selectivity. Graphical Abstract 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10562-023-04370-7.pdf

Zirconia Incorporated Aluminum Phosphate Molecular Sieves as Efficient Microporous Nano Catalysts for the Selective Dehydration of Methanol into Dimethyl Ether

Crystal violet (CV) dye is one of the most poisonous colors primarily produced in the textile industry. In the current study, the co-precipitation assisted ultrasonic radiation method was used to synthesized Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles for the CV dye removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized by vibrating specimen magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nitrogen sorption analysis. XRD confirmed the successful synthesis of Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 single phase with a characteristic diffraction (311) peak at 2θ=35.5°. XPS analysis proved the successful substitution of Ni2+ by Zn2+ ions in the spinel structure. N2 sorption revealed that, the prepared adsorbent exhibited a mesoporous structure of slit shaped and narrow entrances, especially at high annealing temperatures. Results revealed that the magnetic Ni0.1Zn0.9Fe2O4 nano adsorbent offered a maximum adsorption capacity of 473.9 mg g−1 at pH 10.0, which is significantly greater than that of the other noted for CV removal. In addition, ferromagnetic nature was observed by Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 with a saturation magnetization value of 60.1 emg/g. Equilibrium and kinetic studies demonstrated that, the adsorption is of chemical nature and controlled with pore and film diffusion. Finally, we concluded that Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 can be utilized as a potential magnetic composite for the purification of CV contaminated water. 

Adsorptive Remediation of Hazardous Crystal Violet Dye using Ni
 1‐x
 Zn
 x
 Fe
 2
 O
 4
 Magnetic Nanocomposites

TG and DTA studies on Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2 were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn3(PO4)2 as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.

Abd El-Aziz A. Said

Papers

Influence of Foreign Oxides Added to Unsupported V2 O5 Catalyst on its Electronic Properties During the Thermal Decomposition of 2-Propanol

An approach for application of ozone bleaching and nano‐filler loading on quality of papermaking from sorghum bagasse as a promise alternative non‐wood fiber

Zirconia Incorporated Aluminum Phosphate Molecular Sieves as Efficient Microporous Nano Catalysts for the Selective Dehydration of Methanol into Dimethyl Ether

Adsorptive Remediation of Hazardous Crystal Violet Dye using Ni 1‐x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 Magnetic Nanocomposites

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2