https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

This book describes the present state of knowledge regarding the impact of cyanobacteria on health through the use of water. It considers aspects of risk management and details the information needed for protecting drinking water sources and recreational water bodies from the health hazards caused by cyanobacteria and their toxins. It also outlines the state of knowledge regarding the principal considerations in the design of programmes and studies for monitoring water resources and supplies and describes the approaches and procedures used.
The development of this publication was guided by the recommendations of several expert meetings concerning drinking water (Geneva, December 1995; Bad Elster, June
1996) and recreational water (Bad Elster, June 1996; St Helier, May 1997). An expert meeting in Bad Elster, April 1997, critically reviewed the literature concerning the toxicity of cyanotoxins and developed the scope and content of this book. A draft manuscript was reviewed at an editorial meeting in November 1997, and a further draft was
reviewed by the working group responsible for updating the Guidelines for Drinkingwater Quality in March 1998.

/pdf/toxic-cyanobacteria-in-water-a-guide-to-their-public-health-2y64v55hv1.pdf

Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management.

Botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. The body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical products. Pyrethrum and neem are well established commercially, pesticides based on plant essential oils have recently entered the marketplace, and the use of rotenone appears to be waning. A number of plant substances have been considered for use as insect antifeedants or repellents, but apart from some natural mosquito repellents, little commercial success has ensued for plant substances that modify arthropod behavior. Several factors appear to limit the success of botanicals, most notably regulatory barriers and the availability of competing products (newer synthetics, fermentation products, microbials) that are cost-effective and relatively safe compared with their predecessors. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical insecticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and postharvest protection of food in developing countries.

/pdf/botanical-insecticides-deterrents-and-repellents-in-modern-5flrsy0hec.pdf

Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world

(2002). The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms. Reviews in Fisheries Science: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 113-390.

The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms

A review of the analytical methods to determine the geographical and botanical origin of honey.

Chemical fingerprinting of Australian honey requires information on the composition of natural honey volatiles if it is to be useful as a honey-sourcing method. The naturally occurring volatiles of Australian blue gum (Eucalyptus leucoxylon) and yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) honeys were isolated by solvent (ethyl acetate) extraction. Compounds in the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). These procedures have permitted the identification of 55 compounds that include norisoprenoids, monoterpenes, benzene derivatives, aliphatic compounds, and Maillard reaction products. The following 13 compounds were quantitatively identified for the first time in honey:  four isomeric 3,4-dihydro-3-oxoactinidols; 8,9-dehydrotheaspirone; two isomeric 3-oxoretro-α-ionols; megastigm-4-ene-3,9-dione; 1-phenylbutane-2,3-diol; 1-phenylbutane-2,3-dione; 18-hydroxyoleic acid lactone; 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one; and 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3(2H)-furan...

Composition of Australian honey extractives .1. Norisoprenoids, monoterpenes, and other natural volatiles from blue gum (Eucalyptus leucoxylon) and yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) honeys

Absolute stereochemistries of the aplysiatoxins and oscillatoxin A

Cylindricines A and B, novel alkaloids from the ascidian clavelina cylindrica

Hotrienol (3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-octatrien-3-01, 11) is the principal aroma component detected by headspace analysis in leatherwood (Eucryphia lucida) honey. It arises from the dehydration of 2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadiene-2,6-diol (I), the principal terpene in methylated and unmethylated ether extracts of leatherwood honey. The diol I was detected in leatherwood plant extracts. Methylated ether extracts of the honey also contained methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetate (1111, which has not been previously reported in honey, in addition to many other aromatic substances. Compound I11 was a major component of the acidic fraction of the plant extract. A methylated extract of unripe leatherwood honey collected after 1 week in the hive was found to contain methyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate (N) and an unidentified compound [m /z 91 (loo), 1801 as the principal components. The unidentified compound found in immature honey was not detected in the plant extracts.

Comparison of Organic Extractives Found in Leatherwood (Eucryphia lucida) Honey and Leatherwood Flowers and Leaves

Three novel reduced pyrrolo [2,1-j] quinolines (cylindricines H, I and K) and one novel pyrido [2,1-j] quinoline ( cylindricine J) have been isolated from two further Tasmanian collections of the ascidian Clavelina cylindrica. These alkaloids are all related in structure to cylindricines A-G which have been obtained previously from the same ascidian. Cylindricines H-J are the first acetoxycylindricines obtained. Furthermore cylindricines I and J are isothiocyanates, the first such compounds identified from an ascidian, while cylindricine H is a thiocyanate which, together with cylindricines F and G, are the only ascidian thiocyanates known. Cylindricine K is an α,β -unsaturated ketone with the carbonyl group in the 8-position rather than the more usual 4-position as found in cylindricines A-G. Identification of the new alkaloids was by 1H n.m.r., 13C n.m.r., XHCORR, COSY and Fourier-transform i.r . Spectroscopy as well as high resolution e.i. mass spectrometry. Molecular modelling was used to assign relative stereochemistry. The geographical variation of the cylindricines is also reviewed.

Adrian J. Blackman

Papers

Composition of Australian honey extractives .1. Norisoprenoids, monoterpenes, and other natural volatiles from blue gum (Eucalyptus leucoxylon) and yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) honeys

Absolute stereochemistries of the aplysiatoxins and oscillatoxin A

Cylindricines A and B, novel alkaloids from the ascidian clavelina cylindrica

Comparison of Organic Extractives Found in Leatherwood (Eucryphia lucida) Honey and Leatherwood Flowers and Leaves

Cylindricines H-K, Novel Alkaloids From the Ascidian Clavelina cylindrica